Compiled Review Guide for Chem 10 Spring 2021 (Class of 2023)

Chem 10 Review Guide 2021 Test #1 - Units 1 and 2

UNIT 1 QUESTIONS:
1. A student wants to calculate the density of olive oil. They collected the following data by measuring the
mass and volume of different sized samples of Continente Extra Virgin Olive Oil. They looked at a
room thermometer while taking these measurements and saw it was 18 °C inside at the time. The student
used to different methods to calculate density from this data.

volume mass
sample ±0.5 cm3 ±0.1 g
1 20.0 16.8
2 40.0 38.4
3 60.0 52.8
4 80.0 72.0
5 100.0 93.0

Method 1:
a. Copy-paste this data into excel and use it to create a scatterplot. Your scatterplot should include the
following:
- Title and axes labels
- Trendline aka “best fit” line
- Equation for the trendline and correlation coefficient (R2)

b. Write the equation for the trendline below. Identify the slope and y-intercept.

c. Use the equation above to state one experimental value for the density of Continente Extra Virgin Olive
Oil.

Method 2:

a. Write a formula in excel to calculate the density of each sample of olive oil. Make a new table for
“processed data.” Show your table below.

b. Write a formula in excel to calculate the average density for your samples. Write that value below.

2. Next, the student did research on the internet to find a “literature or “scientific accepted” value for the
density of Continente Extra Virgin Olive Oil. They couldn’t find a specific value for that brand, but they
did find a value from this source as 926.042 kg/m3. They converted units to better compare and revealed
0.926042 g/cm3. They tried to read the article but couldn’t find what temperature the density value was
reported at.

a. Considering this literature value, which method for calculating density is more accurate? Write a
claim and support it with evidence and reasoning. Include % error as part of your evidence.
b. Evaluate the precision of your results compared to the literature value (consider significant
figures).
3. The student continued looking through the article they found from scientific literature. They encountered
this figure:
 a. Analyze the figure above using the steps outlined on page_ of your notebook. Write your
response below.
b. Use the data in figure 2 to make a claim about density and temperature. Support your claim with
evidence from the figure above and chemical reasoning.

For each description below, choose the word from the word bank that best fits.
negative positive scatterplot histogram pie chart bar graph line graph
justify outlier accurate precise valid outlier correlation coefficient
a. __________________ A measurement that is close to the accepted value.
b. __________________ A measurement that has a similar value to other measurements
c. __________________ The method produces results that answer the research question
d. __________________ A measurement that does not fit the general trend
e. __________ The experimental values are 5.1cm, 4.9cm and 5.0cm while the accepted value is 5.00cm
f. __________ Attempt to convince yourself or others that a claim is valid using evidence and reasoning.
g. __________________ Figure that shows the distribution of data within one variable
h. __________________ Figure that compares data from different categories
i. __________________ Figure that shows percentages of data for a given variable
j. __________________ Figure that shows changes in one variable over time
k. __ Figure that can be used to determine correlation between two variables, often by adding trendlines.
l. __________________ Type of correlation where both variables increase
m. __________________ Type of correlation where one variable increases and the other decreases
n. _ Another name for a trendline’s R2 value, which shows how closely the model approximates the data.
 4. Write each reading below with the corresponding uncertainty.

5. How many significant figures are in each number below?

0.030
4.00
7.02
500

6. Write the answer with the appropriate number of significant figures.

1) 334.54 + 198 = ____________ 5) 349 + 1.10 + 100 = ______________

2) 34.1 / 1.1 = __________________ 6) 450 / 114 = ________________
3
3) 2.11 x 10 / 34 = __________ 7) 298.01 + 34.112 = _______
4) 0.0010– 0.11 = ______________ 8) 84 x 31.221 = ___________________

Extra practice if you need it:

1)   8.20 + 2 = 2)   13.59 + 23.25 + 20 = 3)   42.828 + 67.4629 =

4)   53.4028 - 14 =   5)   39.3 - 0.804 = 6)   91.68 - 19.1 =

1) 7.6 x 21.9 = 2) 2.15 x 3.1 x 100 = 3) 5.00009 x 0.06 =

4) 38 / 7 = 5) 500 009 / 17.000 = 6) 500 000 / 5.002 =

UNIT 2 QUESTIONS:
1. Complete the following chart
Element Name Atomic Mass # of # of # of
Charge
Number Number Electrons Neutrons Protons
4 5 +2

108 47 0

Arsenic 36 42

37 85 36

Titanium 24 26

2. Compare and contrast the calcium atom and ion, Ca and Ca+2 in terms of protons, neutrons, electrons and
charge. Assume they are both atoms of the same isotope.

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
charge

3. Read the text below by Bill Bryson (185) and summarize it in your own words! (2-3 sentences)
 4. Below is a version of Nagoaka’s model. Modify the model below or draw a new model to reflect the
imagery described by Bill Bryson regarding electrons in the last sentence of text above.

5. Define an isotope.

Consider the diagrams below for questions 7 and 8. Example of

Nuclear symbol

6. Use the diagrams above to write the nuclear symbols for atom A and atom B

Claim:

Evidence:
 Reasoning:

7. Referring to the model above - Are atoms A and B isotopes of the same element?

8. Referring to the model above - Are atoms A and B each a neutral atom or an ion?
Claim:

Evidence:

Reasoning:
Unit 3 Review + Explore Guide Chemistry 10 Name: _________________ Date: _____
1. Eva tested the properties of five unknown substances. Her results are below:
Table 1 : OBSERVATIONS OF PROPERTIES OF UNKNOWN SUBSTANCES

Results of
Substance Appearance Is it dense? Conductivity
Crushing

I not very shiny malleable More yes

II Brown, liquid X Less no

III red, shiny malleable more yes

silver with
IV brittle less yes
some black

V yellow, powder brittle less no

Use the data table above to identify which substances are nonmetals. Use evidence from
the table to support your claim in complete sentences.

2. Write the name or symbol for the following elements:

Na Iron K
N Silver Hg
C Tin He
Ca Gold H
Cu Zinc P
S Mercury I
Mn Bromin S
e
3. Clearly label the families of the periodic table below.

Label the following:

nonmetals 5
noble gases 6
transition metals 3
alkaline earth metals 2
alkali metals 1
Color in the metaloids. 4
 4. The elements in period 2 of the periodic table are shown below.
a) Use your periodic table to write the GROUP NUMBER above each element in the long box.
b) Use your periodic table to complete the Bohr model for a neutral atom of each element.

c) Use the bottom long box to write the number of valence electrons in each neutral atom.

5. What is the relationship between valence electrons and group number for neutral atoms
of the elements shown above? Write a claim and support it with THREE pieces of evidence.

We watched a video in class that showed neutral sodium metal reacting with neutral chlorine nonmetal to
produce sodium chloride. Refer to your notes on pages (51) 52 (53) for #6-8 below.

6. Use complete sentences to describe what you saw before, during, and after the reaction,
including properties of matter like color, state, and other descriptions.
TIME BEFORE DURING AFTER
COLORS
silver, green,
red, yellow,
white
STATES
Solid, gas
OTHER
Malleable
Brittle

7. For each statement below, identify whether it describes the system before, during or after.

a) The reactants sodium metal and chlorine gas___________

b) The product sodium chloride, which is table salt __________
c) A chemical change occurs __________
d) Sodium lost a valence electron and chlorine gained a valence electron __________
e) The valence electron is transferring from sodium to chlorine __________
f) The elements sodium and chlorine are electrically neutral. __________
g) The elements sodium and chlorine are electrically charged. __________
h) Sodium exists as a cation and chlorine exists as an anion__________
i) We say “sodium and chlorine” __________
j) We say “sodium chloride” __________
k) A pure metal and a pure nonmetal exist with their characteristic properties (color, state, etc) __________
l) The metal and nonmetal have mixed to form a new substance that looks completely different.
_________

m) For each element, the number of protons equals the number of electrons __________

n) For each element, the number of protons does not equal the number of electrons __________

o) Elements have valence shells with eight electrons, called a “complete octet” __________

8. Use your periodic table to identify the following elements:

a) Element that has 25 protons ____

b) Element whose neutral atom has 8 total electrons ____
c) Element in group 1 and period 4 ____
d) Element in group 13 and period 3 _____
e) Element in period 4 with two valence electrons ____
f) Element in period 2 that gains ONE electron in chemical reactions to complete its octet___
g) Element in period 2 that loses TWO electrons to have an empty shell ___
h) Neutral element that only has 2 electrons and a complete shell ___
i) Transition metal in period 2 ___
j) Element in period 3 that forms a +1 cation ___
k) Element in period 3 that forms a -1 anion ___
l) Element in period 4 that forms a +1 cation ___
m) Element in period 4 that forms a -1 anion ___

9. Did you notice these things about the reaction we discussed between a metal and a nonmetal?
Yes, I noticed before / No, but it makes sense now! / :-O I don’t get it
Sodium lost an electron to empty its valence shell and chlorine gained an electron to fill its shell. ___
The metal lost electrons (called oxidation) and the nonmetal gained electrons (called reduction). ___

10. Let’s use these and more observations to make predictions. Write any and all thoughts below:
a) How can you predict whether an element loses or gains electrons?

b) How can you predict the number of electrons that an element will lose?

c) How can you predict the number of electrons that an element will gain?
 d) What exceptions or exclusions have you noticed to these “rules”?

11. Neutral sodium metal reacts with neutral fluorine nonmetal. Draw a Bohr model of each neutral element below and show
the movement of any valence electrons during the reaction with arrow(s). Compare with a friend and update.

12. Neutral beryllium metal reacts with neutral oxygen nonmetal. Draw a Bohr model of each neutral element below and show
the movement of any valence electrons during the reaction with arrow(s). Compare with a friend and update.

13. Neutral lithium metal reacts with neutral oxygen nonmetal. Draw Bohr model(s) of each neutral element below and show
the movement of any valence electrons during the reaction with arrow(s). Compare with a friend and update.

14. Neutral beryllium metal reacts with neutral fluorine nonmetal. Draw Bohr model(s) of each neutral element below and
show the movement of any valence electrons during the reaction with arrow(s). Compare with a friend and update.

15. Any other patterns you notice in the periodic table or predictions that you’d like to make?

16. Use the information about

magnesium to calculate the
relative atomic mass, which is a
weighted average of all the
isotopes of an element.
Find more practice problems here: https://www.medmood.com/caisl/mod/folder/view.php?id=132979 Play with the simulation here

17. Identify the mass number and atomic number for the most common isotope of magnesium above.
Look at the diagram showing sodium chloride dissolving in water. Describe what you see using the words cations,
anions, molecules, partial positive, partial negative, attraction, lattice.

Draw a particle diagram showing the change below. Demonstrate the law of conservation of mass in your
particle diagram!

2 CaCl2 (s) + 5 H2O (l)  2 CaCl2 (aq)

Total # Total #
Formula Bonding Molar mass individual individual % by mass…
Ionic/covalent/metallic g/mol
atoms ions
% by mass of Na
Na2SO4
% by mass of O
H2O2
% by mass of Ca
CaCl2
 1. Which of the following is not true about one mole?
a. a mole of basketballs is 6.02 x 1023 basketballs

b. the mass of 1 mole of carbon atoms = mass of 12 moles of hydrogen atom

c. 32 g of oxygen equals one mole of oxygen gas molecules

d. the number of atoms in 1 mole of carbon dioxide gas = the number of atoms in 1 mole of nitrogen gas

2. Which of the following is not conserved in a chemical reaction?

a. number of atoms
b. number of molecules
c. number of grams
d. actually, all three of these are conserved

3. Which of these best explains Avogadro’s number?

(A) The number of times an electron circles around the nucleus in a minute
(B) The number of particles in a mole of a substance
(C) The number of moles in a certain mass of any element or compound
(D) A number used frequently in chemistry calculations

4. If the molar mass of unknown substance X is 244.1 g/mol, which of these statements is most
correct?
a. A handful of substance X contains 244.1 moles.
b. Avogadro’s number for substance X is 244.1.
c. There are 244.1 moles in one gram of substance X.
d. One mole of substance X has a mass of 244.1 grams.

5. Which of these statements are true? (circle them)

I. One mole contains 6.02 x 1023 particles
II. A mole of any substance contains the same number of particles, regardless of the substance
III. A mole of any substance has the same mass, regardless of the substance

6. This penny has a mass of 2.48 grams.

How many moles of copper atoms are in this penny?

How many individual copper atoms are in this penny?

A major textile dye manufacturer developed a new yellow dye. The dye has a percent composition of
75.95% C, 17.72% N, and 6.33% H by mass with a molar mass of about 240 g/mol. Determine the empirical
and molecular formula of the dye.

1 Write element symbols

Write the masses from
2
experiment or problem
3 Write the molar masses
4 Divide by molar mass
Divide by smallest
5
number
6 Write empirical formula
Molar mass of empirical
+
formula
How many empirical are
+
in the molecular?
+ Write molecular formula

A compound is found to contain 24.8% carbon, 2.0% hydrogen, and 73.2% chlorine with a molecular mass of 96.9
g/mol. What are the empirical and the molecular formulas?

1 Write element symbols

Write the masses from
2
experiment or problem
3 Write the molar masses
4 Divide by molar mass
Divide by smallest
5
number
6 Write empirical formula
Molar mass of empirical
+
formula
How many empirical are
+
in the molecular?
+ Write molecular formula
1) 3.47 moles of potassium atoms is how many individual potassium atoms?

2) 4.06 x 1025 individual water molecules is how many moles of water?

3) How many individual subunits does 0.457 moles of Al(OH)3 contain?

4) 7.49 x 1022 individual subunits of iron (II) chloride is how many moles of iron (II)
chloride?

5) How many individual atoms are there in 4.09 moles of potassium nitrate (KNO3)?

6) 2.91 moles of aluminum are how many grams?

7) 28.0 grams of sodium are how many moles of sodium?

8) 188 grams of Ca(OH)2 contains how many moles?

9) 0.630 moles of sodium chloride are how many grams?

10. 150.0 grams of zinc nitrate are how many moles?

Below is a particle diagram showing of 5 H2.

How many atoms are shown in the particle diagram above? How many molecules are shown?

Distinguish between coefficients and subscripts in terms of atoms and molecules.

What is keeping the hydrogen atoms stuck together in the molecule? Why?
Draw a diagram that shows the valence electrons shared between hydrogen atoms to form one molecule.

Draw particle diagrams to represent the following covalent molecules:

3 H 2O 2 2 CH4 4 F2 1 C6H12O6

Draw Lewis structures of each compound below. Draw valence electrons and use lines to show the
covalent bonds, which consists of two electrons that are shared between both atoms.

H O O H

The following nonmetals are written as diatomic molecules. This means the element has a subscript 2.

Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 H2 O2 F2
Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine.

Why does Bromine exist as a diatomic molecule (Br 2) instead of just a single atom by itself (Br)? Write a
claim, evidence and reasoning. (Look at your notes for Chlorine!)

We watched the reaction on video between pure neutral sodium metal reacting with pure neutral chlorine
nonmetal to form pure ionic compound sodium chloride.
Compare and contrast a covalent molecule (eg: chlorine) and an ionic compound (eg: sodium chloride)

COVALENT MOLECULE BOTH IONIC COMPOUND

For each statement below, decide if it refers to ionic bonding, covalent bonding, or both. (I,C,B)
a) Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal _________
b) Occurs between two nonmetals ________
c) Occurs so that elements can satisfy the “octet rule.” ________
d) Subscripts in the chemical formula indicate how much of each element is bonding________
e) Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions ________
f) Electrostatic attraction between positively charged nuclei and a shared pair of electrons ________
g) Atoms combine in little packets to make separate molecules ________
h) Cations and anions arrange in repeating patterns to make one lattice structure ________
i) Occurs between the diatomic elements: Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 H2 O2 F2 ________
j) An invisible force that holds elements together in a specific way ________
k) Can occur between elements with the same OR different identities ________