The American University in Cairo

School of Science and Engineering

Department of Chemistry
CHEM 1005

Assignment # 2 Sunday April 12th - Wednesday April 15th Spring 2020

Please ANSWER the following five questions and SHOW your steps in details:

1- Use the Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of KCl(s) given the following data:
ΔH(sublimation) K = 79.2 kJ/mol
I1 (K) = 418.7 kJ/mol
Bond energy (Cl–Cl) = 242.8 kJ/mol
EA (Cl) = -348 kJ/mol
ΔHf◦ (KCl(s)) = -435.7 kJ/mol of

Solution:
K(s) + ΔH(sublimation) ———> K(g) ΔH sub = 79.2 KJ/mole
½ Cl2(g) + ½ Bond energy ——-> Cl(g) Bond energy /2 = 242.8/2 = 121.4 KJ/mole
K(g) + IE1 ——–> K+(g) + e– IE1= 418.7 KJ/mole
Cl(g) + e ———–> Cl–(g) +EA EA = -348 KJ/mole
K+(g) + Cl–(g) ———> KCl(s) ΔHf0 = -435.7 KJ/mole
ΔHf0 = ΔH(sub) + (B.E. /2) + IE1 + EA + Lattice energy
-435.7 = 79.2 + 121.4 + 418.7 – 348 + L.E.
L.E. = - 435.7 - 79.2 - 121.4 - 418.7 + 348 = - 707 KJ/mol
2- How many covalent bonds will be drawn to bromine in the bromate ion (BrO3–) for the Lewis
Structure that expands the octet to minimize formal charge and if necessary, place negative formal
charges on the most electronegative atom(s)? Show all possible resonance structures.

Solution:
Valence electrons = 7 + (3 x 6) + 1 = 26

Formal charges:
Both O with double bond: 6 – (4 + 2) = 0
O with single bond: 6 – (6 + 1) = -1
Br: 7 – (2 + 5) = 0
Br has 5 covalent bonds.

3- Draw the Lewis Structure of the XeO2F2 which correctly minimizes formal charges. Show your
work.

Solution:
Valence electrons = 8 + (2 x 6) + (2 x 7) = 34

Formal charges:
Both O: 6 – (4 + 2) = 0
Both F: 7 – (6 + 1) = 0
Xe: 8 – (2 + 6) = 0
4- What is the magnitude of the partial positive and partial negative charges in the HBr molecule?
(1 D = 3.36 ×10–30 C m; 1 e– = 1.6022 × 10–19 C; bond length HBr = 1.41 angstroms; Dipole
Moment HBr = 0.82 D).

Solution:
Dipole moment = Qr
0.82 x 3.36 x 10-30 Cm = Q x 1.41 x 10-10 m
Q = 1.95 x 10-20 C
= 1.95 x 10-20 / 1.6022 x 10-19 = 0.12 e
Partial positive charge: + 0.12
Partial negative charge: - 0.12

5- Ethanol is sometimes used as an additive in oxygenated gasoline. Calculate its enthalpy of

combustion (reaction) using the bond energies given.

Bond: C–C C–H C–O C=O O–H O=O

Bond energy (kJ/mol): 347 413 358 799 467 498

Solution:

Enthalpy = Σ Bonds broken - Bonds formed

= [C-C + 5(C-H) + C-O + O-H + 3(O=O] – [4(C=O) + 6(O-H)]
= [347 + (5 x 413) + 358 + 467 + (3 x 498)] - [(4 x 799) + (6 x 467)]
= 4731 – 5998
= - 1267 KJ/mol