Exercises in Inferential Statistics

NAME : RUVIE S. BARCOSO

PROFESSOR : DR. NOLASCO MALABAGO
EXERCISE NO. 5 : Drawing Inferences (Two Sample)

Problem 1:  
A psychologist studying the human factors of computer keyboards sets - up an experiment to
compare two different keyboard designs.  He measures the number of words per minute typed by
one group on Keyboard A and then he measures the number of words typed per minute by another
group of people on Keyboard B.  Use the data below to determine if the typing speeds on the two
different keyboards are significantly different.

Keyboard A (words per minute) Keyboard B (words per minute)

54, 62, 75, 59, 78, 64, 69, 72, 50, 73 47, 51, 54, 62, 44, 51, 48, 65, 42, 44, 71, 68

  keyboard a keyboard b
  54 47
  62 51
  75 54
  59 62
  78 44
  64 51
  69 48
  72 65
  50 42
  73 44
    71
    68
mean 65.6000 53.916667
STDev 9.347608131 7.671013261

Step 1: There is no significant difference between the typing speeds of the two keyboards.
Step 2: alpha = 0.05, df = 20, tcritical = 2.086

Step 3:
Step 4: t=(65.6-53.92)/SQRT(((10-1)*(9.347^2)+(12-1)*(7.671^2))/(10+12-2))*(1/10+1/12))
t= 0.252923
Step 5: Since tcomp is (0.252923) > tcritical (2.086), reject the null hypothesis
Step 6: There is enough evidence showing that there is a significantly difference between the typing
speeds of the two keyboards.

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Problem 2:
A research study was conducted to examine the differences between older and younger adults on
perceived life satisfaction. A pilot study was conducted to examine this hypothesis. Ten older adults
(over the age of 70) and ten younger adults (between 20 and 30) were given a life satisfaction test
(known to have high reliability and validity). Scores on the measure range from 0 to 60 with high
scores indicative of high life satisfaction and low scores indicative of low life satisfaction. The data
are presented below and test if there is significant difference between the perceptions of the
respondent groups.

Older Adults Younger Adults

45,38, 52, 48, 25, 39, 51, 46, 55, 46 34, 22, 15, 27, 37, 41, 24, 19, 26, 36
Older Adults Younger Adults
45 34
38 22
52 15
48 27
25 37
39 41
51 24
46 19
55 26
46 36
mean 44.5 28.1
STDev 8.682677518 8.543353492

Step 1: There is no significant difference between the perceptions of the respondent groups.
Step 2: alpha = 0.05, df = 18, tcritical = 2.101

Step 3:
Step 4: t=(44.5-28.1)/SQRT(((10-1)*(8.683^2)+(10-1)*(8.54^2))/(10+10-2))*(1/10+1/10))
t= 0.380873
Step 5: Since tcomp is (0.380873) > tcritical (2.101), reject the null hypothesis
Step 6: There is enough evidence showing that the perceptions significantly differs for older adults
and that of younger adults.

Problem 3: 
One group of 6 participants was shown a movie on the evils of alcohol use and the other group of 7
participants was shown a movie about dog nutrition.  Both groups were then given a test measuring

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their attitude toward drug use.  The scores for both groups are listed below (high scores indicate a
resistance to the use of drugs).

Alcohol Movie Dog Movie

132, 144, 131, 145, 156, 139 121, 130, 122, 125, 119, 100, 105

Alcohol Movie Dog Movie

132 121
144 130
131 122
145 125
156 119
139 100
105

mean 141.1667 117.428571

STDev 9.325592028 10.87592361

Step 1: There is no significant difference between their attitude toward the movies shown.

Step 2: alpha = 0.05, df = 11, tcritical = 2.201

Step 3:
Step 4: t=(141.17-117.43)/SQRT(((6-1)*(9.326^2)+(7-1)*(10.876^2))/(6+7-2))*(1/6+1/7)
t= 0.720353
Step 5: Since tcomp is (0.720353) > tcritical (2.201), reject the null hypothesis
Step 6: There is enough evidence showing that there is a significantly difference on their attitude
toward the movies shown.

Problem 4: 
A researcher has just finished a research project using 8 anorexia nervosa patients as participants.  
She was testing the effectiveness of a particular type of psychotherapy on these patients.   Below is
listed the weights of the 8 patients before and after the therapy.

Weight Before Weight After

67, 74, 79, 77, 82, 69, 54, 99 74, 92, 88, 92, 77, 82, 84, 99
Weight Before Weight After
67 74
74 92

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79 88
77 92
82 77
69 82
54 84
99 99
mean 75.1250 86.000000
STDev 5.819507425 7.033931367

Step 1: There is no significant difference between their before and after weight.

Step 2: alpha = 0.05, df = 14, tcritical = 2.145

Step 3:
Step 4: t =(86-75.125)/SQRT(((8-1)*(7.0339^2)+(8-1)*(5.8195^2))/(8+8-2))*(1/8+1/8)
t= 0.421164
Step 5: Since tcomp is (0.421164) > tcritical (2.145), reject the null hypothesis
Step 6: There is enough evidence showing that there is a significantly difference between the before
and after weight.

Problem 5:   
The researcher wants to compare ground versus air-based temperature sensors to determine the
earth’s temperature, which is important for agricultural modeling, etc. Ground-based sensors are
expensive, and air-based (from satellites or airplanes) of infrared wavelengths may be biased.
Matching the temperature data, test if they are different.

Ground Air
46.9, 45.0, 36.3, 31.0, 24.7, 47.3, 48.1, 37.9, 32.7, 26.2, 23.3,
22.3, 49.8, 40.5, 37.7, 35.0 50.2, 42.6 , 39.4 , 37.9

Step 1: There is no significant difference between the Ground and Air temperature.

Step 2: alpha = 0.05, df = 18, tcritical = 2.101

Step 3:
Step 4: t =(38.56-36.92)/SQRT(((10-1)*(9.072^2)+(10-1)*(9.107^2))/(10+10-2))*(1/10+1/10)
t= 0.036086

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Step 5: Since tcomp is (0.036086) > tcritical (2.101), reject the null hypothesis
Step 6: There is enough evidence showing that there is a significantly difference between the
Ground and Air temperature.

Problem 6: 
Is there a difference in marks following a teaching intervention? The marks for a group of
students before (pre) and after (post) a teaching intervention are recorded below:

Pre - test Post - test

18, 21, 16, 22, 19, 24, 17, 21, 23, 18, 22, 25, 17, 24, 16, 29, 20, 23, 19, 20,
14, 16, 16, 19, 18, 20, 12 ,22, 15 15, 15, 18, 26, 18, 24, 18, 25, 19

Pre-test Post-test
18 22
21 25
16 17
22 24
19 16
24 29
17 20
21 23
23 19
18 20
14 15
16 15
16 18
19 26
18 18
20 24
12 18
22 25
15 19
mean 18.4737 20.684211
STDev 3.220911207 4.028407896

Step 1: There is no significant difference between the scores for pre-test and post- test.

Step 2: alpha = 0.05, df = 36, tcritical = 2.021

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Step 3:
Step 4: t =(20.684-18.474)/SQRT(((19-1)*(4.028^2)+(19-1)*(3.221^2))/(19+19-2))*(1/19+1/19)
t= 0.63789
Step 5: Since tcomp is (0.63789) > tcritical (2.021), reject the null hypothesis
Step 6: There is enough evidence showing that there is a significantly difference between the Pre-
test and Post- test scores.

Problem 7:   
Two machines fill bottles of water. Each machine performance is checked periodically
testing bottles removed randomly from the production line and yield the following statistics:
Machine Mean Weight Standard Deviation Number of Bottles Taken
1 203.56 3.56 40
2 200 2.02 50

Use the 6 steps procedure to arrive at a decision from a 0.01 alpha level.

Step 1: There is no significant difference between the performance of the two machines.

Step 2: alpha = 0.01, df = 88, tcritical = 2.631

Step 3:
Step 4: t =(203.56-200)/SQRT(((40-1)*(3.56^2)+(50-1)*(2.02^2))/(40+50-2))*(1/40+1/50)
t= 0.057037
Step 5: Since tcomp is (0. 0.057037) > tcritical (2.631), reject the null hypothesis
Step 6: There is enough evidence showing that there is a significantly difference between
performance of the two machines.

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