4 Content guidance

The themes and sub-themes identified below are vehicles for the development of linguistic and
cognitive skills, as well as cross-cultural awareness. Assessment is predominantly related to the
ability to use the target language. Assessment will take place within the themes and sub-themes.
Students will need to demonstrate knowledge, understanding and critical – and at A level,
analytical – response relating to the target language community and culture.

4.1 Themes and sub-themes

Theme 1 Changes in contemporary Chinese society

Theme 1 當代華人社會的變遷 家庭 ● 家庭結構

(AS and A
● 代溝
level)
● 家庭計劃

● 人口老齡化

教育與工作 ● 學校生活

● 學生議題

● 工作機會

● 工作和生活的平衡

When exploring each sub-theme, teachers and students may wish to refer to the key
words and phrases listed below in addition to other relevant words and phrases. These
lists are not exhaustive but simply provide a starting point.

Theme 1 Changes in contemporary Chinese society

Family (family structure and the generation gap; family planning and ageing
population)

Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese

characters characters
ageing
老齡化 / 老化 老龄化／老化
atmosphere
氣氛 气氛
birth rate
出生率 出生率
burden
負擔／擔子 负担 / 担子
busy, lively
熱鬧 热闹
charitable organisation
慈善機構 慈善机构
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
close
親密 亲密
considerate
體貼 体贴
divorce
離婚 离婚
elderly person living alone
獨居老人 独居老人
emotion/affection
感情 / 情感 感情 / 情感
‘empty nest’
空巢 空巢
entertainment
娛樂 娱乐
facilities
設施／設備 设施 / 设备
family planning
計劃生育 / 家庭計劃 计划生育 /
家庭计划
family size
家庭規模 家庭规模
filial obedience
孝順 孝顺
finances
財務 财务
friction
摩擦 摩擦
happiness
幸福 幸福
harmonious
和諧 和谐
household
家庭／住戶 家庭 / 住户
housewife
主婦 主妇
husband and wife / a
夫婦 / 夫妻 couple 夫妇 / 夫妻
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
independent
獨立 独立
late marriage
晚婚／遲婚 晚婚 / 迟婚
life
生命 生命
lonely
孤獨／孤單 孤独 / 孤单
long life
長壽 長壽
marriage
婚姻 婚姻
matchmaker /
媒人 / 做媒 intermediary 媒人 / 做媒
medical care
醫療 医疗
memories
記憶／回憶 记忆 / 回忆
nanny / helper
保姆／傭工 保姆 / 佣工
nuclear family
核心家庭 核心家庭
older generation
長輩 长辈
only child
獨生子女 独生子女
ordinary people / residents
平民 / 居民 平民 / 居民
parent-child relationship
親子關係／ 亲子关系 /
父母子女關係 父母子女关系
pension
退休金／養老金 退休金 / 养老金
property
財產／物業 财产 / 物业
psyche / mind
心理 心理
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
relative
親人／親戚 亲人 / 亲戚
reluctant
捨不得 舍不得
residential care home for
老人院／安老院 the elderly 老人院 / 安老院
satisfactory (life)
美滿 美满
services for the aged
養老服務 养老服务
single
單身 单身
social security
社會保障 社会保障
three generations under
三代同堂 the same roof 三代同堂
to accompany
陪伴 陪伴
to arrange
安排 安排
to be concerned about
關心 关心
to be tolerant
包容 包容
to depend on / rely on
依靠／依賴 依靠 / 依赖
to discipline (a child)
管教 管教
to enjoy later life
安享晚年 安享晚年
to fall ill
患病 患病
to forgive
原諒 原谅
to get on (with someone)
相處 相处
to give up one’s seat
讓座 让座
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
to greet
問候／問好 问候 / 问好
to grow up
成長／長大 成长 / 长大
to improve
改善 改善
to live (dwell)
居住 居住
to organise
組織 组织
to pay respect
尊敬 尊敬
to provide
提供 提供
to spoil (a child)
寵壞 / 溺愛 宠坏 / 溺爱
treatment
對待 对待
unmarried
未婚 未婚
upbringing
教養 教养
values
價值觀 价值观
warm
溫暖 温暖
welfare system
福利制度 福利制度

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Theme 1 Changes in contemporary Chinese society
Education and the world of work (school life and student issues; work
opportunities and work-life balance)

Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese

characters characters
academic qualification
學歷 学历
achievement
成就 成就
adventurous
冒險精神 冒险精神
apprentice
學徒 学徒
boss
老闆／上司 老板 / 上司
busy
繁忙 繁忙
campus / school grounds
校園 校园
capability
能力／本領 能力／本领
career
事業 事业
certificate
證書 证书
challenge
挑戰 挑战
civil servant
公務員 公务员
colleague
同事 同事
communication skills
溝通能力 沟通能力
competition
競爭 竞争
course / programme
課程 课程
curiosity
好奇心 好奇心
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
curriculum vitae / CV
簡歷／履歷 简历 / 履历
customer
顧客 顾客
discussion
討論 讨论
drugs
毒品 毒品
efficiency
效率 效率
employee
雇員 雇员
expert
專家 专家
extracurricular activities
課外活動 课外活动
fluent (in a language)
流利／流暢 流利／流畅
freedom
自由 自由
friendship
友誼／友情 友谊 / 友情
hard / tough
辛苦 辛苦
hostel, dormitory, hall of
宿舍 residence 宿舍
innovative / creative
創新 / 創意 创新 / 创意
job satisfaction
工作滿足感 工作满足感
kindergarten
幼兒園 / 幼稚園 幼儿园 / 幼稚园
knowledge
知識 知识
learned (person)
有學問 / 博學 有学问 / 博学
leisure time
空閒時間／閒暇時間 空闲时间 /
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters

／休閒時間 闲暇时间 /
休闲时间
management
管理 管理
manual labour
體力勞動 体力劳动
office
辦公室 办公室
potential
潛力／潛能／潛質 潜力／潜能／潜质
professions and trades
行業 行业
professor
教授 教授
promotion (in a job)
升遷 升迁
recruitment agency
招聘代理／招聘機構 招聘代理 /
招聘机构
research
研究 研究
resignation
辭職 辞职
scholar
學者 学者
scholarship
獎學金 奖学金
school bullying
校園欺凌 校园欺凌
secretary
秘書 秘书
self-confident / confidence
自信 自信
specialism
專業 专业

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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
spoon-feeding approach
填鴨方式 填鸭方式
struggle
奮鬥 奋斗
talented / qualified people
人才 人才
to ask for leave / holiday
請假 请假
to attend a lecture
聽講座 /上課 听讲座 / 上课
to be unemployed
失業 失业
to fit in with
適應 适应
to give up drugs
戒毒 戒毒
to instill (knowledge)
灌輸 灌输
to master (a subject)
精通 / 掌握 精通 / 掌握
to obtain employment
就業 就业
to operate a business
經營生意 / 營商 经营生意 / 营商
to practise / put into
實踐 practice 實踐
to receive private tuition
補習 补习
to run a company
開公司 开公司
to scold
責罵 责骂
to set up a business
創業 创业
to take initiative
主動 主动
to work shifts
輪班工作 轮班工作
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
university degree
大學學位 大学学位
vacancy
空缺 空缺
wisdom
智慧 智慧
work position
工作崗位 / 職位 工作崗位 / 職位

Theme 2 Chinese culture

Theme 2 中國文化 傳統 ● 節日（春節；端午節；

(AS and A
中秋節；清明節）
level)
● 習俗
文化活動 (與中國文化有關的)
● 電影
● 電視
● 音樂
● 閱讀

When exploring each sub-theme, teachers and students may wish to refer to the key
words and phrases listed below in addition to other relevant words and phrases. These
lists are not exhaustive but simply provide a starting point.

Theme 2 Chinese culture

Traditions (festivals (Spring Festival; Dragon Boat Festival; Mid-autumn
Festival; Qing Ming Festival) and customs)

Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese

characters characters
ancestors
祖先 祖先
auspicious
吉祥 吉祥
bamboo leaves
竹葉 竹叶
Buddhism
佛教 佛教
Chang E goes to the moon
嫦娥奔月 嫦娥奔月
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
Chinese lunar calendar
農曆 农历
Chinese New Year food
賀年食品 贺年食品
Chinese New Year’s Day
正月初一 正月初一
Chinese New Year’s Eve
除夕 除夕
Chinese New Year’s Eve
年夜飯／團年飯 family dinner 年夜饭／团年饭
Chinese zodiac animals
生肖／屬相 生肖／属相
civilisation
文明 文明
commercialised
商業化 商业化
cultural value
文化價值 文化价值
dragon boat races
賽龍舟 赛龙舟
embroidery
刺繡 刺绣
folk
民間 民间
funeral rituals
喪葬禮儀 丧葬礼仪
glutinous rice
糯米 糯米
glutinous rice balls
湯圓 汤圆
god / goddess /
神仙 supernatural / being 神仙
immortal
God of Wealth
財神 财神
grave sweeping
掃墓 扫墓

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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
habit / be accustomed to
習慣 习惯
handicraft items
手工藝品 手工艺品
hotpot
火鍋 火锅
lantern
燈籠 灯笼
legend
傳說 传说
lifestyle
生活方式 生活方式
marriage practices
結婚禮俗 结婚礼俗
long history
歷史悠久 历史悠久
myth
神話 神话
national minorities
少數民族 少数民族
New Year cake
年糕 年糕
paper cuts
剪紙 剪纸
Qu Yuan
屈原 屈原
red packet money / gift
壓歲錢／紅封包／ money 压岁钱／红封包／
利是錢 利是钱
Confucianism
儒家 儒家
sacrificial offerings
祭品 祭品
scented sachet (Dragon
香包 Boat Festival) 香包
seasonal division points
節氣 节气
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
sense of belonging
歸屬感 归属感
sense of identity
認同感 认同感
Spring Festival Gala
春節聯歡晚會／春晚 春节联欢晚会／
春晚
superstitious
迷信 迷信
taboo
禁忌 禁忌
Taoism
道教 道教
temple
寺廟 寺庙
to admire the full moon
賞月 赏月
to beat drums
打鼓 打鼓
to burn incense
燒香 烧香
to burn paper money
燒紙錢 (ritual money) 烧纸钱
to celebrate the Chinese
過年 New Year 过年
to clean up the house (on
大掃除 Chinese New Year’s Eve) 大扫除
to congratulate,
恭喜 congratulations 恭喜
to celebrate / celebration
慶祝／喜慶 庆祝/喜庆
to decorate
裝飾／佈置／擺設 装饰／布置／摆设
to do shopping for the
辦年貨 Spring Festival 办年货
to enjoy, appreciate
欣賞 欣赏
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
to get together as a family
團聚 / 團圓 团聚 / 团圆
to give a present
送禮 送礼
to go for a walk in the
踏青 countryside 踏青
to originate from
源於／來源於 源于／来源于
to pass away / die
去世/死了 去世/死了
to pass from generation to
世代相傳 generation 世代相传
to pray for blessing (good
祈福 fortune) 祈福
to remember,
懷念/紀念 commemorate 怀念/纪念
to seek good fortune and
趨吉避凶 avoid mishaps 趋吉避凶
to set off fireworks
放煙花 放烟花
to stay up all night on
守歲 Chinese New Year’s Eve 守岁
to think about, long for
思念 思念
to visit the flower fair
逛花市 逛花市
to wear a traditional
穿旗袍 Chinese qipao 穿旗袍
to wish someone a happy
拜年 Chinese New Year 拜年
to write New Year’s
寫春聯 couplets 写春联

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 Theme 2 Chinese culture
Cultural activities (films, television, music and reading (in relation to Chinese
culture))

Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese

characters characters
3D
立體 立体
amusing
搞笑 搞笑
ballet
芭蕾舞 芭蕾舞
band
樂隊 乐队
biography
傳記 传记
box office revenue
票房收入 票房收入
cartoon
漫畫 漫画
cartoon film
動畫片 / 卡通片 动画片 / 卡通片
chat show
訪談節目／清談節目 访谈节目／
清谈节目
choir
合唱團 合唱团
classical music
古典音樂 古典音乐
comedy
喜劇 喜剧
curtain up / open / begin
開幕 开幕
detective
偵探 侦探
director
導演 导演
disaster film
災難片 灾难片

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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
documentary
紀錄片 纪录片
drama series
連續劇 连续剧
entertainment industry
娛樂圈 娱乐圈
erhu
二胡 二胡
excellent
精彩 精彩
film fan
影迷 影迷
film star
電影明星 电影明星
folk song
民歌 民歌
food programme
美食節目 美食节目
guzheng (Chinese zither)
古箏 古筝
horror film
恐怖片 恐怖片
hot topic
熱門話題 热门话题
information
資訊 / 信息 资讯 / 信息
large scale
大型 大型
main role / character
主角 主角
martial arts film
武俠片 武侠片
moving / to feel moved
感動 感动
musical instrument
樂器 乐器
novel
小說 小说
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
opera (Chinese)
戲曲 戏曲
opera (Western)
歌劇 歌剧
photography
攝影 摄影
piano
鋼琴 钢琴
pipa
琵琶 琵琶
plot
劇情／情節 剧情／情节
poetry
詩／詩歌 诗／诗歌
pop concert
演唱會 演唱会
popular
流行 流行
prose
散文 散文
reader
讀者 读者
reality show
真人秀 真人秀
rock ‘n’ roll
搖滾樂 摇滚乐
role / character
角色 角色
romance
浪漫／愛情 浪漫／爱情
satire
諷刺 讽刺
scene
場景／場面 场景／场面
science fiction/fantasy
科幻 科幻
score (of a film)
配樂 配乐
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
scriptwriter
編劇 编剧
sensational
煽情 煽情
sense of humour
幽默感 幽默感
show
演出／表演／秀 演出／表演／秀
stage
舞臺 舞台
story
故事 故事
strange / weird
古怪離奇 古怪离奇
subject matter
題材／內容 题材／內容
supporting actor
配角 配角
to broadcast
廣播 广播
to film / photograph,
拍攝 photography 拍摄
to sing and dance
載歌載舞 载歌载舞
tragedy
悲劇 悲剧
trend
潮流／趨勢 潮流／趋势
TV presenter
電視主持人 电视主持人
variety show
綜藝節目 综艺节目
video
視頻 视频
violin
小提琴 小提琴
war film
戰爭片 战争片
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
weekly magazine
週刊 周刊
writer
作家／作者 作家／作者

Theme 3 Evolving Chinese society

Theme 3 演變中的華人社會 通訊與科技 ● 互聯網

(A level ● 社交媒體
only) 經濟與環境 ● 經濟發展
● 環境保護

Theme 3 Evolving Chinese society

Communications and technology (Internet and social media)

Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese

characters characters
account
帳戶／帳號 账户／账号
application (app)
應用程式 应用程式
audio-visual entertainment
視聽娛樂 视听娱乐
broadband
寬帶／寬頻 宽带／宽频
button (on a computer
按鈕 screen) 按钮
cable / wireless
有線 / 無線 有线 / 无线
community
社群 社群
copyright infringement
侵犯版權 侵犯版权
cyberspace
虛擬空間 虚拟空间
data
數據 数据
digital divide
數碼鴻溝 数码鸿沟
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
electronic book (e-book)
電子書 电子书
emoticon / emoji
表情符號 表情符号
file
檔案 档案
firewall
防火牆 防火墙
forum
論壇 论坛
Google
谷歌 谷歌
hacker
黑客／駭客 黑客／骇客
hit rate
點擊率 点击率
image
圖像 图像
information flow
資訊流通／信息流動 资讯流通／
信息流通
internet addiction
上網成癮／沉迷上網 上网成瘾／
沉迷上网
internet age
互聯網時代 互联网时代
interpersonal network
人際網絡 人际网络
keyboard
鍵盤 键盘
“like” function (Facebook)
「讚好」功能 「赞好」功能
log on/sign in
登入 登入
mass media
大眾傳媒 大众传媒
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
Microsoft
微軟 微软
mobile media
流動媒體 流动媒体
mouse
滑鼠 滑鼠
multimedia products
多媒體產品 多媒体产品
netizen
網民 网民
online shopping
網上購物 网上购物
personal data
個人資料 个人资料
privacy
私隱／隱私 私隐／隐私
screen
屏幕 屏幕
self-control
自我控制 自我控制
skill
技術／技巧／技能 技术／技巧／技能
smart phone
智能手機 智能手机
social platform
社交平台 社交平台
software
軟件／軟體 软件／软体
status updates
狀態更新 状态更新
tablet
平板電腦 平板电脑
to be offline
離線／脫機 离线／脱机
to be online
上網／上線 上网／上线
to browse
瀏覽 浏览
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
to copy
複製 复制
to create
創作 创作
to cut and paste
剪貼 剪贴
to delete (a message)
刪除 删除
to digitise
數碼化／數字化 数码化／数字化
to express views
表達意見 表达意见
to go viral
瘋傳 疯传
to hack into
入侵 入侵
to input
輸入 输入
to interact
互動／交流 互动／交流
to invent
發明 发明
to monitor
監控／監察 监控／监察
to navigate
導航 导航
to operate (a computer)
操作 操作
to refresh (computer
刷新 screen) 刷新
to leave a message
留言 留言
to scan
掃描 扫描
to search
搜尋 搜寻
to share
分享 分享
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
to take a selfie
自拍 自拍
to update a post
更新帖子 更新帖子
Twitter
推特 推特
user
用户／使用者 用户／使用者
user group
用戶組／使用者群組 用戶组 /
使用者群组
video clips
錄影短片／錄像短片 录影短片／
录像短片
virtual reality
虛擬現實 / 虛擬世界 虚拟现实 /
虚拟世界
Weibo
微博 微博
Weixin
微信 微信

Theme 3 Evolving Chinese society

Economy and environment (economic developments; environmental
protection)

Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese

characters characters
adjustment
調整 调整
air
空氣 空气
awareness of
環境保護意識 environmental protection 环境保护意识
bacteria
細菌 细菌
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
bubble economy
泡沫經濟 泡沫经济
capital
資本 资本
capitalist
資本家 资本家
coal
燃煤 燃煤
conservation
保護 / 保育 保护 / 保育
construction project
工程項目 / 建設項目 工程项目 / 建设项
目
consumption
消費 消费
consumer
消費者 消费者
cost
成本 成本
deficit
赤字 赤字
demand (in economics)
需求 需求
desertification
荒漠化 荒漠化
drought
旱災 / 乾旱 旱灾 / 干旱
ecological
生態 生态
emission reduction targets
減排目標 减排目标
entrepreneur
企業家 企业家
export
出口 出口
financial crisis
金融危機 金融危机
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
flooding
水災 / 洪水氾濫 水災 / 洪水泛滥
globalisation
全球化 全球化
greening campaign
綠化運動 绿化运动
gross domestic product
國內生產總值 (GDP) 国内生产总值
growth (in economics)
增長 增长
hygienic / clean
衛生 / 清潔 / 乾淨 卫生 / 清洁 / 干净
imbalance
失衡 失衡
import
進口 進口
income
收入 / 收益 收入 / 收益
infectious disease
傳染病 传染病
inflation
通貨膨脹 / 通脹 通货膨胀 / 通胀
infrastructure
基礎建設 基础建设
investment
投資 投资
labour force
勞動力 劳动力
long-term benefits /
長遠利益 interests 长远利益
luxury goods
奢侈品 奢侈品
manufacturing industry
製造業 制造业
nuclear power station
核電站 核电站
obstacle
阻礙 / 障礙 阻碍 / 障碍
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
policy
政策 政策
pollutant
污染物 污染物
polluted water
污水 污水
price of goods
物價 物价
profits
利潤 利润
protocol/agreement
協議 / 協定 协议 / 协定
quality
品質 / 質素 品质 / 质素
quantity
數量 数量
real estate / property
房地產 房地产
regulations
法規 / 規例 法规 / 规例
Renminbi
人民幣 人民币
renewable energy
再生能源 再生能源
rich (in the sense of varied
豐富 and excellent) 丰富
sales
銷售 销售
shares
股票 股票
shortage
缺少 / 缺乏 / 短缺 缺少 / 缺乏 / 短缺
slowdown (in economics)
放緩 放缓
smog
霧霾 雾霾
sunlight
陽光 阳光
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
supply (in economics)
供應 供应
surplus
盈餘 盈余
sustainable development
可持續發展 可持续发展
taxation
税收 税收
to breathe
呼吸 呼吸
to deteriorate
惡化 惡化
to drive (growth)
推動 推动
to generate electricity
發電 发电
to prevent
預防 预防
to produce
出產 / 生產 出产 / 生产
to treasure
珍惜 珍惜
trade deficit
貿易逆差 貿易逆差
trade surplus
貿易順差 貿易顺差
unemployment rate
失業率 失业率
water resources
水資源 水资源

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Theme 4 The impact of reform and opening up in 1978 on China

Theme 4 1978 年改革開放 變革 ● 貧富差距

(A level 對中國的影響 ● 超級大都市

only) ● 城市移民

中英關係 ● 貿易

● 文化交流

● 教育交流

Theme 4 The impact of reform and opening up in 1978 on China

Reform (rich-poor gap; super-cities; urban migration)

Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese

characters characters
agricultural household
農業戶口 农业戶口
arable land
可耕地 可耕地
basic needs in life
基本生活需要 基本生活需要
capitalism
資本主義 资本主义
children left behind in rural
留守兒童 areas 留守兒童
Chinese people (the ‘old
百姓 / 老百姓 hundred surnames’) 百姓 / 老百姓
coastal areas
沿海地區 沿海地区
competitiveness
競爭力 竞争力
Deng Xiaoping
鄧小平 邓小平
densely populated
人口密集 人口密集
discrimination
歧視 歧视
enough to eat and wear
溫飽 温饱
expansion
擴張 / 擴大 扩张 / 扩大
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
fairly well-off society
小康社會 小康社会
fairness
公平 公平
farmers / peasants
農民 农民
floating population
流動人口 流动人口
gap between urban and
城鄉差異 rural areas 城乡差异
government
政府 政府
grants
補助 补助
high-technology / high-
高科技企業 tech enterprises 高科技企业
household register
居民户口簿 居民户口簿
household registration
户籍制度 system 户籍制度制度
housing
住房／住屋／房屋 住房／住屋／房屋
in debt
欠債／負債 欠债／负债
income inequality
收入不平等 收入不平等
labour disputes
勞資糾紛 劳资纠纷
labour-intensive industries
勞動密集型工業 劳动密集型工业
land
田地／土地 田地／土地
livelihood
民生 民生
loan
貸款 贷款
low-skilled worker
低技術工人 低技術工人
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
measures
措施 措施
middle and lower classes
中下階層 (in society) 中下阶层
migrant workers
農民工 / 民工 農民工 / 民工
migration
遷移 迁移
最低工資 minimum wage
最低工资
non-agricultural household
非農業戶口 非农业戶口
preferential policy
優惠政策 优惠政策
private enterprises
私營企業 私营企业
productivity
生產力 生产力
prosperity
繁榮 繁荣
province
省 省
public facilities
公共設施 公共设施
reform of state-owned
國企改革 enterprises 国企改革
rights
權利 / 權益 权利 / 权益
rural areas / villages
鄉村／農村 乡村／农村
second-class citizens
二等公民 二等公民
service industry / sector
服務業 服务业
sino-foreign joint venture
中外合資 中外合资
social conflicts
社會矛盾 社会矛盾
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
social stability
社會穩定 社会稳定
socialist market economy
社會主義市場經濟 社会主义市场经济
special economic zone
經濟特區 经济特区
standard of living
生活水平 生活水平
status
地位 地位
sweatshop
血汗工廠 血汗工厂
to alleviate / ease
紓緩 (pressure) 纾缓
to enjoy (rights)
享有 享有
to ignore / neglect
忽視／忽略 忽视 / 忽略
to implement (policies)
實施／落實 实施／落实
to lag behind
落後 落后
to launch (a policy)
推出 推出
to leave one’s
離鄉別井 homeland/hometown 离乡别井
to lift oneself out of
脫貧 poverty 脱贫
to make a living
謀生 谋生
to reduce
縮小／減低 缩小／减低
to relax (restrictions)
放寬 放宽
to restrict / limit
限制 限制
to support
扶持／支持／支援 扶持／支持／支援
40 © Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
traffic congestion
交通堵塞 交通堵塞
upward mobility (in
向上流動 society) 向上流动
urbanisation
城鎮化 / 城市化 城镇化 / 城市化
wealthy
富裕／富有 富裕／富有
World Trade Organisation
世界貿易組織 (WTO) 世界贸易组织

Theme 4 The impact of reform and opening up in 1978 on China

China-United Kingdom relations (trade; cultural exchanges; educational
exchanges)

Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese

characters characters
advice
建議／意見 建议／意见
arts
藝術 艺术
artifacts
文物 文物
Asian Infrastructure
亞洲基礎設施投資銀行 Investment Bank (AIIB) 亞洲基础设施投资银行
／亞投行 ／亞投行
attractiveness
吸引力 吸引力
Belt and Road initiative
一帶一路 一带一路
boarding schools
寄宿學校 寄宿学校
brand / brand name
品牌 品牌
British Council
英國文化協會 英国文化协会
bilateral trade
雙邊貿易 双边贸易
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
commercial group
商業集團 商业集团
Confucius Institute
孔子學院 孔子学院
consortium
財團 财团
constructive
積極／建設性 积极／建设性
contact(s)
接觸／連繫／人脈 接触／联系／人脉
contribution
貢獻 贡献
co-operation
合作 合作
creative talents
創意人才 创意人才
cultural heritage
文化遺產 文化遗产
cutting-edge products
尖端產品 尖端产品
delegation
代表團 代表团
developed nations
發達國家 发达国家
developing nations
發展中國家 发展中国家
dialogue
對話 对话
diverse cultures /
多元文化 multicultural 多元文化
entry visa
入境簽證 入境签证
exchange of ideas
思想交流 思想交流
exchange students
交流生／交換生 交流生／交换生
exchange visit programme
互訪計劃 互访计划
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
expertise
專門知識／專業知識 专门知识／
专业知识
film festival
電影節 电影节
financial centre
金融中心 金融中心
frequent
频繁 频繁
fund
資金／經費 资金／经费
global vision / horizons
環球視野 / 國際視野 环球视野 /
国际视野
government departments
政府部門 政府部门
harmony
和睦／和諧 和睦／和谐
higher education
高等教育 高等教育
inspiration
靈感／啟發 灵感／启发
internship
實習 实习
London Stock Exchange
倫敦證券交易所 伦敦证券交易所
meetings
會議／大會 会议／大会
mutual understanding
互相了解／相互理解 互相了解／
相互理解
negotiation
磋商 磋商
officials
官員 官员

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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
overseas students
海外生／留學生 海外生／留学生
partnership
夥伴關係 伙伴关系
peace
和平 和平
performing arts
表演藝術 表演艺术
retail industry
零售業 零售业
risk / hazard
風險 风险
sister city relationships
友好城市關係 友好城市关系
soft power
軟實力 软实力
state leaders
國家領導人 国家领导人
strategy
策略 策略
strengths / advantages
優勢 优势
study tour
學習團／考察團 学习团／考察团
summit
高峰會／峰會 高峰会／峰会
symphony orchestra
交響樂團 交响乐团
talks
會談／講座 会谈 / 讲座
taste (in aesthetics)
品味／欣賞力／ 品味／欣赏力／
鑑賞力 鉴赏力
teaching methods
教學方法 教学方法
to broaden (horizons)
拓寬／擴闊 拓宽／扩阔
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 Traditional Chinese English words Simplified Chinese
characters characters
to co-ordinate
協調／統籌 协调／统筹
to promote / further the
促進 / 提升／推動 progress of 促进 / 提升／推动
to sponsor (an event)
贊助／資助 赞助／资助
to strengthen
加強／鞏固 加強／巩固
topics of common interest
共同關心的議題／ 共同关心的议题／
共同關注的問題 共同关注的问题
total value
總值 总值
tour (theatrical)
巡迴演出／巡演 巡回演出／巡演
transaction
交易 交易
two-way communication /
雙向交流 interaction 双向交流
United Nations
聯合國 联合国
vocational education
職業教育 职业教育
world-class
世界一流 世界一流

Themes 1, 2 and 3 relate to the wider Chinese-speaking world. Theme 4 relates to China only.
This means that in the listening, reading and translation papers, the content may be related to a
country other than China, though only standard Chinese will be used. In the speaking test,
students will not be asked to demonstrate specific knowledge about one particular country, but
they must be able to justify their viewpoints in relation to a Chinese-speaking country they have
studied. Note that the listening and speaking assessments will be available in Mandarin and
Cantonese.
Teachers should refer to the guides and other resources available on the Edexcel website for
support on how to approach the themes.

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