1. What is the fuel injector?

Fuel injector is used in diesel engine to inject and atomize the diesel at the end of the
compression stroke.
2. What is meant by SI engine? Why it is called so?
SI engine means spark ignition engine. In SI engine air fuel mixture is ignited by spark plug
hence it is called spark ignition engine. It is also called as petrol engine.
3. Give four major differences between two stroke and four stroke IC engine.
Two stroke cycle engine Vs Four Stroke cycle engine
1 .One cycle is completed in two stroke of the piston or one revolution of the crank shaft. One
cycle is completed in four stroke of the piston or two revolution of the crank shaft.
2. For the same speed, twice the number of power strokes is produced than 4 stroke engine. For
the same speed, half of the number of power strokes is produced than 2 stroke engine.
3. Turning moment is more uniform and hence lighter flywheel is used. Turning moment is not
uniform and hence bigger flywheel is used.
4. It contains ports which are operated by the piston movement. It contains valves which are
operated by valve mechanism.
Read More : 4 Strokes Vs 2 Stroke Engine – Difference , Comparison
4. What is meant by CI Engine? Why it is called so?
CI engine means compression ignition engine. In CI engine the fuel is injected by a fuel injector
in atomized form because of high compressed air it gets ignited automatically. Hence it is called
as compression ignition engine.
5. What is a two stroke engine?
A two stroke engine is an engine in which one cycle of operation is completed in two stroke of
the piston or one revolution of the crank shaft.
Read more :Two Stroke Engine : Parts , Cycle , Diagram , Working , Application
6. What is a four stroke engine?
A four stroke engine is an engine in which one cycle of operation is completed in four stroke of
the piston or two revolution of the crank shaft.
7. Name the four strokes of an IC engine?
Suction, compression, power and exhaust stroke
8. What is the purpose of heat balance sheet in IC engine?
It is the accounts of heat supplied and heat utilized in various ways in the system. The heat
balance is generally done by minute basis or percentage basis.
Read more :How To Calculate Heat Balance Sheet For IC Engine
9. Differentiate petrol and Diesel engines.

diesel engine vs petrol engine

10. Define compression ratio.
It is defined as the ratio of the volume of cylinder to the clearance volume.
11. Define mean effective pressure.
It is defined as the average pressure acting on the piston during the entire power stroke that
would produce the same amount of net work output during the actual cycle. It is also defined as
the ratio of work-done per cycle to swept volume.
12. Define Clearance Volume.
It is the minimum volume occupied by the fluid in the cylinder when the piston reaches the top
dead centre position.
13. Define work ratio of gas turbine.
It is the ratio of network to turbine work.
14. What is the function of push rod and rocker arm in IC engine?
The function of push rod and rocker arm in IC engine is to transmit motion of the cam tothe
valve.
15. What is scavenging in IC engine?
The process of pushing out of exhaust gases from the cylinder by admitting the freshcharge into
the cylinder is known as scavenging.
Read more :Advantages And Disadvantages Of Two-Stroke Engine Over Four-Stroke
Engine
16. What is the function of idling jet in a carburetor?
The function of idling jet in a carburetor is to supply a mixture at an air fuel ratio of 10:1for low
speed operation.
17. What are the requirements of a fuel injection system of a diesel engine?
 To inject the fuel at correct moment, and quantity at various load conditions
 To inject the fuel in a finely atomized condition.
 To distribute the fuel uniformly in the combustion chamber.
 To control the rate of fuel injection.
Read more : Fuel Injection System | Components , types , Working Principle
18. What is the purpose of a thermostat in an engine cooling system?
The purpose of thermostat in cooling system is to control the water flow. It allows thewater
circulation only, when the temperature of the radiator is about 750°C.
19. List the advantages of electronic ignition system over the conventional system.
 Less weight.
 Compact
 Spark timing can be accurately controlled.
 Wiring is simple
20.What is meant by ignition lag?
It is the time interval between the instant of spark and the instant when there is anoticeable rise in
pressure due to combustion.
21. Differentiate between brake power and indicated power of an IC engine.
Brake Power: It is defined as the power developed at output crank shaft of an engine for doing
external work.
Indicated Power: It is the power developed by the engine inside the cylinder due to the fuel
combustion in the combustion chamber.
22. What is Morse test?
Morse test is a performance test conducted on multi cylinder engines to measure the indicated
power without the use of indicator diagram.
23. Which engine will have more cooling requirement two-stroke engine or four-stroke
engine? Why?
Two stroke-engines will have more cooling requirements since power is developed for each
revolution of crank. So, for each crank revolution, Combustion occurs and more heat will be
generated inside the cylinder.
24. What is the function of the carburetor?
o To atomize the fuel and mix it homogeneously with the air
o To run the engine smoothly without hunting of fuel wastage.
o To provide rich mixture during starting and idling and also for quick acceleration.
o To provide a constant air fuel ratio at various loads.
o To start the engine even in cold weather conditions.
Read more :
Construction and Working , Diagram Of Simple Carburetor
Types Of Carburetor | Functions of Carburetor
25. List the requirements of ignition system.
1. Ignition should takes place at the end of compression stroke.
2. There should be no missing cycle due to the spark failure.
3. Ignition must add sufficient energy for starting and sub staining the charge burning
4. Ignition system should supply the minimum required energy within a small volume in
a very short time.
26. What are the different types of ignition system in S.I. engines?
Battery Ignition system and Magneto ignition system.
27. What are the advantages of Battery ignition system?
 The initial cost is low (except battery).
 It provides better spark at low speed of engine during starting and idling.
 Maintenance cost is negligible. (expect for battery)
 The spark efficiency remains unaffected by advance and retard positions.
 The simplicity of the distributor drive.
Read more : Battery ignition System- Working , Advantages and Disadvantages
28. What are the disadvantages of Battery ignition system?
 The engine cannot be started if the battery is weak
 The weight of the battery is greater than the magneto.
 The wiring involved in the coil ignition is more complicated than magneto.
 The sparking voltage drops with increasing speed of the engine.
29. What is the necessity of cooling in IC engine?
 To avoid uneven expansion of the piston in the cylinder.
 To reduce the temperature of piston and cylinder.
 To avoid the overheating of the cylinder.
 To avoid the physical and chemical changes in the lubricating oil this may cause sticking
of piston rings.
Read More : Cooling System | Types , Advantages and Disadvantages
30. What is flash point?
Flash point is the lowest temperature at which the given oil gives sufficient vapour togive a
moment of flash, when a flame is passed across the surface.
31. What are the different types of cooling in IC engines?
 Air cooling
 Water cooling system
 Thermosyphon cooling
 Forced circulation cooling
 Thermostatic regulator cooling and Evaporative cooling
32. What is the purpose of lubrication in IC engines?
 To reduce the friction and wear between the parts having the relative motion.
 To cool the surfaces by carrying away heat generated due to friction.
 To seal between two moving parts.
 To clean the surface by carrying away the carbon particles caused by wear.
 To absorb the shock between bearings and other parts and consequently reduce noise.
Read more: Engine Lubrication System | Working Principle , Types and Components
33. What is petrol system of lubrication?
A special type of lubrication system used in two stroke engines in which lubricant (up to60%) is
thoroughly mixed with fuel and supplied to the engine. It is also known as mist lubrication.
34. What is auto ignition?
A mixture of fuel and air can react spontaneously and produce heat by chemical reaction without
the uses of flame to initiate the combustion, because the temperature is high
35. What is meant by pre-ignition?
At very high temperature carbon deposits formed inside the combustion chamber ignites the air
fuel mixture much before normal ignition occurred by spark plug. This is called pre-ignition.
36. What are the factors affecting ignition lag?
Compression ratio, speed of the engine, Chemical nature of fuel and air fuel ration, and Initial
pressure and temperature.
Read More : 3 stages of combustion in SI engines with respect to crack angle
37. What is meant by knocking? How it occurs in diesel engines?
If the delay period of C.I. engines is long, more fuel is injected and accumulated in the chamber.
When ignition begins, pulsating pressure rise can be noticed and creates heavy noise. This is
known as knocking.
38. What are the effects of knocking?
 The engine parts get overheated which may cause damage to the piston.
 It creates heavy vibration of engine and hence louder noise and roughness.
 Decrease in power output and efficiency.
 More heat is lost to the coolant as the dissipation rate is rapid.
 The auto-ignition may over heat the spark plug and hence pre-ignition occurs Carbon
deposits.
39. Define specific fuel consumption?
It is the ratio of fuel consumption per unit time of power developed.
40. Explain an experimental method to determine the frictional power of an IC engine.
Retardation test can be carried out to determine the frictional power of an diesel engine. In this
method, the engine is started and made to run at full load conditions at rated speed. After
sometimes, the fuel supply is cutoff and the necessary readings are noted. Repeat the above
procedure for 50% load and calculated the frictional power of an engine using formulas.
41. What is the use of helical groove in a fuel injection pump used for CI engine?
 To control the delivery stroke effectively.
 To control the amount of fuel supplied to the engine.
42. Define the term brake power.
It is defined as the power developed at output crank shaft of an engine for doing external work
Question No. 01
What is Automobile Engineering?
Answer: Automobile Engineering is a branch of engineering which deals with designing,
manufacturing and operating automobiles. It is a segment of vehicle engineering which deals
with motorcycles, buses, trucks, etc. It includes mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and
safety elements.

Question No. 02
How will you differentiate between two stroke engine and four stroke engines?
Answer: 2-stroke piston engine has an intake and an exhaust stroke. All air, fuel, and
combustion products must be moved in those 2 strokes. A 4-stroke engine has a separate stroke
for moving burned (or burning) and unburned mixtures - intake, compression, expansion, and
exhaust. Using 4-stroke results in cleaner emissions at the expense of specific power.

Two stroke: For each explosion in cylinder piston moves downwards and upwards (one complete
cycle) (Power stroke and Exhaust stroke).

Four stroke: for each explosion in cylinder piston moves down and upwards twice (two complete
cycle) (Intake , compression, power, exhaust stroke.)

Four stroke is highly efficient than two stroke.

But two stroke is powerful than four stroke.

Question No. 03
What is the range of engine efficiency in case of two stroke engine?
Answer: The two stroke engines have very high range to be compared to the four stroke engines.
Because power stroke is generated every two revolution while in four stroke, power stroke is
generated every four revolutions.

Question No. 04
Definition of Octane number & Cetane number
Answer:
 Octane Number - Octane number is defined as the percentage, by volume, of iso octane
in the mixture of iso-octane and h-heptane. It is the measure of rating of SI engine.
 Cetane Number - Cetane number is defined as the percentage, by volume, of n-cetane in
the mixture of n-cetane and alpha methyl naphthalene. It is the measure of rating of CI engine.

Question No. 05
What do you understand by CC of engine?
Answer: The meaning of CC is cubic centimeters. It represents the total volume of the engine
cylinder. This reflects that the engines with more CC can generate more powers than the other
engines. CC can also be related as inversely proportional to the fuel consumption.

Question No. 06
If we use gasoline in diesel engine, what will happen?
Answer: Adding gasoline to the diesel engine may blast off the engine. Compression ratio of the
petrol engine is 6 to 10 and diesel engine is 15 to 22. Thus gasoline will get very highly
compressed and might result in blast off engine.

Question No. 07
Explain the significance of governor in automobiles?
Answer: Governor is an important component of automobile engine. It is used to regulate the
main speed of engine during the variations in loads. With the variations in the load, fuel supply
has to be maintained. This task is performed by the governor. In the case of high load on the
engine, speed decreases, hence fuel supply has to be increased and similarly when load decreases
then the fuel supply has to be decreased.

Question No. 08
What is the use of hydrogen in automobile?
Answer: Low emissions. Essentially no CO or HC in the exhaust as there is no carbon in the
fuel. Most exhaust would be H₂O and N₂ Fuel availability. There are a number of different ways
of making hydrogen, including electrolysis of water.

Question No. 09
What is the use of Natural gas in automobiles?
Answer:

 High octane number makes it very good S.I engine fuel

 Low engine emissions. Less aldehydes than with methanol

Question No. 10
What is an automotive differential and how does it work?
Answer: The automotive differential is designed to drive a pair of wheels while allowing them
to rotate at different speeds. In vehicles without a differential, such as karts, both driving wheels
are forced to rotate at the same speed, usually on a common axle driven by a simple chain-drive
mechanism.

Question No. 11
What is the working principle of hydrostatic propulsion system in a tractor?
Answer: It depends on Pascal law. As the pressure in the system is the same, the force that the
fluid gives to the surroundings is therefore equal to ‘pressure × area’. In such a way, a small
piston feels a small force and a large piston feels a large force
Question No. 12
What is oil grade SAE stands for?
Answer: "SAE" stands for "SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS" (USA).
Question No. 13
By mixing oil in fuel of four stroke bike will it damage engine, performance? If not than
what happen?
Answer: Yes, absolutely. It leads to higher wear and tear in cylinder liners, piston and damage
of the piston. It even leads to knocking and detonation where abnormal combustion appears and
dark smoke and harsh sound will be produced by the engine.

Question No. 14
Why are car steering wheels round?
Answer:
1. A steering wheel is round so that your hands locate in the same place
regardless of the steering wheel's orientation.
2. While turning / steering the car it is ergonomically the best design.
3. Also as design is circle, there are no edges to hit while turning / steering is
moving as the circle position remains the same.
4. From Design view, it should be able to give uniform force i.e. torque, by
varying the distance from center will vary the torque provided.

Question No. 15
How Trains take turns, though there is no any differential?
Answer: Purpose of the differential is to enable vehicles to take turn, by allowing both the wheel
to rotate with different speed. This is required when wheels, like in car, are connected with same
axle. Interestingly, wheel in trains are not connected with the axle, they are independent and
hence can take turns without ant differential. This is same as how the bullock cart takes turns,
without any differential.

Question No. 16
What is the difference between BS2 & BS3 engine?
Answer: IN BS2 there is No catalytic converter to reduce formation of co and HC whereas in
BS3 catalytic converter is available to reduce the formation of HC and CO. So less emission of
HC and co will take place in BS3

Question No. 17
Why big tyre used in rear of Tractors?
Answer: Tractors have big rear tires because, the larger the surface area of the tractor's wheels
touching the ground, the more pulling power you have. Like how tractor pullers have large tires.
Another reason is that the tractor doesn't have to operate at a higher speed to get the same ground
speed with larger tires. Gear ratios don't have to be as high b/c of the larger tires.
Question No. 18
What will happen if someone adds oil to the fuel of four stroke bike engine?
Answer: This will result in damaging of the engine faster. Adding oil will lead to the higher
wear and tear of the cylinder liner, piston and damage to the piston. It will lead to abnormal
combustion and knocking and detonation. Dark smoke and abnormal sounds will be generated by
the engine. One should not mix oil with the fuel of four stroke engine.

Question No. 19
How air conditioners work in cars?
Answer: Air conditioners are based on the principles of evaporation and condensation and then
compression and expansion. The hot air of the car is removed by the process of evaporation and
then the condensation of the evaporated air takes places which is then further compressed by the
compressor and then finally expanded to us in the form of cold breeze. Somehow, Air
conditioning reduces the average of the car, as the energy is required to remove the hot air and
then compression and expansion.

Question No. 20
Why entropy decreases with the increase in temperature?
Answer: The relation is ds = dQ/T
Entropy is inversely proportional to the temperature so as temperature increases, entropy
decreases.

Question No. 21
What is SAE? Mention the importance of SAE to the automobile domain.
Answer: SAE stands for society of automotive engineers. This society is responsible for
developing the
Question No. 24
What does it mean when your car emits white smoke?
Answer: White smoke is a sign of a coolant leak as is milky brownish oil. This could be due to
bad head gasket or cracked block. Burning oil smoke is usually more bluish in color. White
smoke is usually associated with a coolant leak, but burning oil can also look like white smoke

Question No. 25
What happens if gasoline is used in a Diesel engine? Diesel engine will work?
Answer: No, it will not work, as the Compression ratio of Petrol engine is 6 to 10 & that of
Diesel engine is 15 to 22. Thus on such high compression, gasoline gets highly compressed & it
may blast.
question No. 26
What is the range of the engine efficiency for two stroke engine? Why you don't see two
stroke engines in car? What are problem with two stroke engine?
Answer: The range of two stroke engine is too high compare to the four stroke engine because
of each revolution one power in two stroke engine. I cannot see the 2 stroke engine in car. Power
loss is more.

Question No. 27
What is the formula for calculating BHP in SI units?
Answer: Boiler horse power (BHP) is a power unit used for measuring the power output of
boilers, widely used in the past, but now confined to North America. The boiler horsepower
conversion formula is as follows.
1 Boiler Horsepower = 9,809.5 Watts

Question No. 28
What is the meaning of CC engine?
Answer: CC stands for Cubic centimeter. CC represents the total volume of an engine cylinder.
The engine which has more CC can produce more power than others.

Question No. 29
Why freezer in the fridge is placed in top level?
Answer: Because density of cold air is higher than warm air, hence it is placed at top. Cold air
comes downward & cool the bottom part.

Question No. 30
Poisons ratio is higher in (rubber/steel/wood)
Answer: When a material is compressed in one direction, it usually tends to expand in the other
two directions perpendicular to the direction of compression. This phenomenon is called the
Poisson effect. Poisson’s ratio is a measure of the Poisson effect.
For rubber = 0.5
For steel = 0.288
For wood < 0.2
Thus Poisson’s ratio is higher in RUBBER.
Question No. 31
What type of gears is used in small cars?
Answer: A gear in a car is used mainly in the transmission system, the steering system and the
differential system. In the transmission system the gears used are helical gears these provide
better efficiency, better safety and durability at high speeds, steering system uses rack and
pinion type of gear system. While differential uses bevel gears. As the torque is to be
transmitted perpendicularly.

Question No. 32
How is power generated from fuel?
Answer: Fuel generates power by being burned, oxidized is the technical term. In the process of
burning, heat is released. The energy of the heat is used to do work. Exactly what kind of work
depends on what kind of energy absorbing device the energy is put into.
Steam power can be generated by burning the fuel under a container with water in it and using
the steam for some purpose.

Question No. 33
What are the different type’s sun gears and planet gears used in differential?
Answer: A differential is a particular type of simple planetary gear train that has the property
that the angular velocity of its carrier is the average of the angular velocities of its sun and
annular gears. This is accomplished by packaging the gear train so it has a fixed carrier train ratio
R = -1, which means the gears corresponding to the sun and annular gears are the same size. This
can be done by engaging the planet gears of two identical and coaxial epicyclic gear trains to
form a spur gear differential. Another approach is to use bevel gears for the sun and annular
gears and a bevel gear as the planet, which is known as a bevel gear differential

Question No. 34
What is pan hard rod or track bar?
Answer: A pan hard rod is a bar or tube running from one side of the axle to the frame on the
other side of the vehicle. It helps the leaf spring in keeping the axle centered under the body
during turning a corner.

Question No. 35
What is DTSI? Why this technology is used in motor
the anti-freeze from entering into the cylinder area. This anti-freeze will produce a white steam
which will accumulate at the tailpipe area.
Question No. 37
What are three methods of heat transfer?
Answer: Three methods of heat transfer are conduction, convection and radiation.
 Conduction: The transfer of energy by collisions between the atoms and molecules in a
material.
 Convection: Transfers heat when particles move between objects or areas that differ in
temperature.
 Radiation: The transfer of energy by waves.

Question No. 38
What is BHP? How can you measure BHP?
Answer: BHP is ‘Brake Horsepower’. It reflects the powerfulness of the brakes of the vehicles.
BHP stands for how much power will be required to make the engine stop working i.e. to stop
the rotation of the engine.
BHP = 2 times pi times torque times revolutions; all this divided by 550.
π (Pi) is 3.1416 and torque is in pounds-feet, and revolutions are revs per second

Question No. 39
During the drive torque, what will be the weight shift?
Answer: In case of cars the torque is applied to the rear wheels, thus limiting accelerator due to
front wheel drive due to weight transfer. This drive is bolted to the chassis of the car. Modern
manufacturers therefore design rear wheel drive to have similar handling to front wheel drive
wherever possible via suspension tuning.

Question No. 40
Explain the reason that why big tyres are used in rear of vehicles.
Answer: Large tyres provide larger surface area touching the ground, thus providing the more
pulling power. Basically tractors have larger rear tyres because tractors don’t have to operate at
higher speeds, thus getting the same ground speed with larger tyres. Moreover gear ratios don’t
have to be as high as b/c of the tyres.

Question No. 41
When we start a vehicle, exhaust smoke appears white. Why?
Answer: When you start, the mixture is rich, and the exhaust will be cold, so any unburned
hydrocarbons and water vapor will condense out into a cloudy mist and appear white.
Once the engine is warmed up, the exhaust system gets hot enough that the vapor is invisible.

Question No. 42
What is an injector pressure in heavy vehicles? Why it is used?
Answer: Injector pressure i s the pressure at which the fuel can be injected into the vehicle. In
heavy vehicles, injector pressure is 220 kg/cm square. It is used to set up the standard fuel
injection in the vehicles. With the help of injector pressure we can calculate the amount of fuel
needed, through the following formula:
Est. Horsepower × B.S.F.C / No. of injectors × duty cycle = lb/hr per injector
cc = lb/hr × 10.5

Question No. 43
What is the size of the recommended compressor CFM? Where it can be used?
Answer: It is generally used in spray painting of very small areas. It can be used where painting
with brush is very difficult. Thus to improve the rate of painting the spray painting is used as this
method is very fast and efficient. Usually reciprocating compressors are used but size depends on
requirements.

Question No. 44
What is a pressure cap in the radiator?
Answer: It is a seal in the radiator that maintains the selected pressure in the cooling system
when the engine is hot.

Question No. 45
How to generate power from differential gear?
Answer: Differential Gear comes under the category of Power transmitting mechanisms called
Gears. Gears can't generate power; they can only transmit the power from one source to the
receiver.
A Differential Gear has three jobs.
1. It directs engine power to the wheels. It's the connecting link between the drive
shaft and the wheel axles.
2. It acts as the final gear reduction in the vehicle, slowing the rotational speed of the
transmission before it hits the wheels.
3. The differential also transmits the power to the wheels while allowing them
to rotate at different speeds.

Question No. 46
How to calculate bearing number to diameter of the inner and outer?
Answer: Divide the shaft diameter size by 5, it will give last two digit of the bearing no. and
according to type of load we have to choose the type of bearing and that will give prior no. of the
bearing.

Question No. 47
Define fit?
Answer: Fit is defined as the degree of tightness and looseness between two meeting parts.

Question No. 48
What is transverse weight shift due to drive torque?
Answer: It is weight of drive torque which is bolted to chassis of the car.

Question No. 49
Why tractor rear wheel is big then front wheel?
Answer: For maximum torque provide
Question No. 50
Does the design & fittings vary on the type of the vehicle engine? Why they use petrol for
engines only & vice versa?
Answer: No, the type of fitting & design does not vary for automotive segment. It’s the same.
However, it’s different in case of aerospace & other sector.
In the fittings, usually of hole/shaft one of those is made at the basic size so that it can
accommodate the other one.

Question No. 51
What is kingpin offset? State some of its application.
Answer: The kingpin offset is the part, basically called as pivot used in the steering of the
vehicles. This offset helps in rotating of the steering and thus it’s very useful in steering
mechanism of the cars.
Applications: This is also used to measure scrub radius with the help of geometric parameters of
wheel plane above and below ground level. It provides directional stability to the vehicles when
it i combined with the caster.

Question No. 52
Explain the basic difference between BS2 and BS3 engine.
Answer: The basic difference of BS2 and BS3 engines is the presence of catalytic converter.
Catalytic converter is present in BS3 engine which helps in reducing the formation of HC and
CO. While in BS2 engine, no catalytic converter is present which forms HC and CO. Thus in
BS3 engine there is no emission of harmful CO and HC. The full form of BS is bharat stage,
which is a standard of emission in India.

Question No. 53
In a tractor, how the hydrostatic propulsion systems work?
Answer: This system is based on Pascal’s law. In a tractor the pressure is same, so the force
given by the liquid to the surrounding is equal to the pressure × area. Thus, obeying the Pascal’s
law hydrostatic propulsion system is designed, similarly small piston feels small force and the
large piston feels larger area.

Question No. 54
Explain the reason that why the tyres are always black in color. Is this phenomena related
to the heat conduction?
Answer: Tyres color is black due to the proportion of carbon mixed in it during
the vulcanization of the rubber, to make the tyre shear resistant. Without vulcanization tyres
won't be able to bear the friction heat and stress of the road. Thus carbon is responsible for
giving tyres the prominent black color. Adding of carbon prevents tyres from rapidly
deteriorating because when ozone combines with the ultraviolet light from the sun. It attacks the
polymer of the tyre.
Question No. 55
What is back compressor in engines?
Answer: Back compression means the compression capability of the engine. A diesel engine can
compress at the ratio of 14:1 to as high as 25:1. Thus the higher compression leads to better
efficiency of the engine. Thick black smoke is emitted when the engine’s compression is reduced
which leads to the deformed head-gasket lead into crankcase.

Question No. 56
Why the plastic materials used in the screwdriver's handles?
Answer: Due to non-conducting nature of plastic, it is widely used for the electricity purposes.
Moreover, plastic is cheap and strong so it is less prone to damage. Furthermore, plastic does not
bend and does not slip from the users hands.

Question No. 57
Does diesel engine powered automobile use unit pump and unit injector?
Answer: In the case of the engines powered by diesel fuel supply systems, unit pump & unit
injector are operated by camshaft & thus pressure of injected fuel depends on engine speed.
Whereas, in common rail systems it is independent of engine speed.

Question No. 58
What are MPFI and TPFC systems?
Answer: MPFI stands for Multi Point Fuel Injection. In this system fuel is injected into the
intake ports which is situated just upstream of each cylinder’s intake valve. These systems are
sequential systems, in which injection is timed to coincide with intake stroke of each cylinder.
TPFC stands for transient power fuel control system. In this type of systems constant choke
carburettor is used. The salient feature of this carburettor is that it provides jerk less engine raise.
In these systems, throttle valve creates vacuum which opens the slide which controls the air fuel
ratio through a tapered jet.

Question No. 59
Why does a compression engine use high octane fuel?
Answer: The property of a fuel, which describes how fuel will or will not self-ignite, is called
the octane number or just octane. Engines with low compression ratios can use fuels with lower
octane number, but high compression engines must use high-octane fuels to avoid self-ignition
and knock.

Question No. 60
What is pitching in the suspension system?
Answer: Pitching is a rocking action about a transverse axis through the vehicle, parallel to the
ground. The front suspension moves out of phase with the rear, experiencing the rocking effect
due to pitching.
What do you mean by Independent suspension?
Independent suspension refers to the mounting of the wheel on a separate axle, so that road
shocks affect only the particular wheel.
Question No. 61
What is clutch drag?
Answer: When the clutch is not disengaging fully and provides some difficulty in changing the
gears then this defect is called clutch drag.
Question No. 62
What is the cause of black smoke from the exhaust?

Answer: There are various possible causes of black exhaust smoke, almost all of which should
let you know that your engine is burning too much fuel. Check all of your vehicle's intake
components, including your air filter, sensors, fuel injectors, and fuel-pressure regulator. One
other cause could be a clogged fuel line.

Question No. 63

What type gear is used for sun gear?

Answer: Most commonly used gears as Sun gears are Spur gears and Helical gears. In some
cases Epicyclic Gear trains with Bevel Gears are also used.

Question No. 64
Why don't auto-rickshaws have differential gears?
Answer: Auto-Rikshaws have engine directly connected to rare end wheels. There is no need of
differential gears.
But some Auto-Rikshaws are not driven by the engine directly instead they use a differential
gear. The entire differential mechanism is inside the gearbox unlike other vehicles.

Question No. 65
Which type of gears is used in motorcycle gearbox?
Answer: Spur gears in sequential arrangement are used inside a gear box of a motorcycle. While
chain and sprocket are engaged to transmit power from engine to the rear wheel.

Question No. 66
How many differential gears are used in a car?
Answer: There is only one differential working in a car, however in a differential 5 bevel gears
are used, one is mounted upon the shaft, the 2 are mounted upon the 2 shafts connecting to the
rear wheels, the other 2 gears are so arranged so that they mess with the gears upon the wheel
shafts.

Question No. 67
Which Mechanism is used in Automobile gearing system?
Answer: Differential mechanism

Question No. 68
1 hp is how much watt?
Answer: 746.2Watt
Question No. 69
Explain Bicycle rear wheel Sprocket working?
Answer: Rear wheel sprocket works under the principle of ratchet and pawl.

Question No. 70
The Fatigue life of a part can be improved by?
Answer: Improving the surface finish by Polishing & providing residual stress by Shot peening.

Question No. 71
When crude oil heated Which Hydro carbon comes first?
Answer: Natural gas (Gasoline) at 20 degree Celsius

Question No. 72
What type of metal is used in a propeller?
Answer: Aluminium, stainless steel, magnesium bronze, NIBRAL (nickel, brass, aluminium)

Question No. 73
What is more dangerous longitudinal stress or Hoop stress and why?
Answer: Hoop stress is more dangerous than longitudinal stress, because the dangerous area
coming under the hoop stress is circumferential, while in longitudinal, the axial area will come
under dangerous area will be less than circumferential area. So the hoop stress is more dangerous
than longitudinal stress.

Question No. 74
For the purpose of inflating car tyres, spray painting, etc. i.e. say a small workshop, what
size of a compressor (CFM) is recommended? It will be generally for a hobby use and not
commercial use?
Answer: Spray painting it is generally used for painting in a very smaller area of any part and
where it is very hard to paint in a brush and to improve faster rate of painting, spray painting r
used. Usually reciprocating compressor r used but size depends upon requirement.

Question No. 75
What is king pin offset?
Answer: A geometric parameter which is positive if the kingpin axis intersects the wheel plane
at or below ground level, or is negative if the point of intersection is above ground level. Also
called scrub radius.