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Hybrid Control Technique For Seamless Transition
Hybrid Control Technique For Seamless Transition
Abstract—This paper proposed a hybrid control technique remaining DGs will controlled as current sources. The DG
for AC microgrid in order to achieve adequate load sharing which is controlled as voltage source will act as master and the
and seamless transition of microgrid between grid connected DGs which are controlled as current sources will act as slaves
mode and islanded mode. The hybrid control technique is a
combination of proposed modified droop control technique and [6]–[8]. The merits and demerits of different load sharing
modified power control technique. The modified droop control techniques are presented in [9].
technique is developed to improve the dynamic response during One of the major challenging issue in controlling of micro-
the re-synchronization of microgrid to the main grid. In addition, grid is the seamless transition between grid connected mode
a centralised controller is developed in order to participate
and islanded mode. If master-slave method is used to control
all available DGs in the microgrid for re-synchronization to
the mian grid by utilizing communication system, therefore the DGs in the microgrid, then the transition of microgrid
the power stress on single DG is avoided. The performance of from grid connected mode to islanded mode is complex.
proposed hybrid control technique in the microgrid for seamless However, the re-synchronization of microgrid to the main grid
transition between mode of operations is verified by using real is achieved by master DG; here the transition is smooth and
time simulator.
simple [10]. In master-slave method, the master DG failure
Index Terms—Microgrid, Droop method, Master-slave method,
Seamless Transition results in microgrid shutdown; this is the major drawback. If
droop method is used to control the DGs in the microgrid,
I. I NTRODUCTION then the transition of microgrid from grid connected mode
Microgrids are getting more attention in order to provide to islanded mode is smooth and simple; however, the re-
reliable power supply to the consumers. The microgrid com- synchronization of microgrid to the main grid is complex.
prises of local generation units and local load demand. It Different techniques are presented in literature [11]–[14], for
can operate either in grid connected mode or in islanded achieving seamless transition of microgrid during islanding
mode [1]. In microgrids, the major power generation are from and Re-synchronization.
renewable energy sources like solar, wind, small hydro etc., This paper presents a hybrid Control technique for mi-
which generates power at variable ac or dc voltage. Therefore crogrid by combining both the modified droop method and
power electronic converters are used as interfacing device to modified power control in order to achieve seamless transition
integrate the renewable energy sources to the main grid. In during change in operating mode of microgrid. In the proposed
main grid, synchronous generators are major power sources hybrid Control technique, all DGs will participate for re-
and physically integrated with system; here power sharing synchronization of microgrid to the main grid in order to avoid
between the generation units occurs based on their respective the burden on single DG.
inertia constants. In microgrid, the power electronic converters
are inertia less and not physically connected to grid. Therefore, II. P ROPOSED MICROGRID DESCRIPTION
proper load sharing technique is required in microgrid [2].
In literature, it is observed that droop method and master- To verify the proposed hybrid Control technique a microgrid
slave method are popular load sharing techniques. In droop is developed, which is shown in Fig. 1. The microgrid is
method, the DGs are controlled by using measured respective connected to main grid through controlled static switch. The
point of common coupling (PCC) voltage and current signals. control signal for static switch is generated by centralised
Here the DGs will share the power demand in the microgrid controller. The microgrid comprises of four DGs (DG1 , DG2 ,
according to their droop constants [3]–[5]. In master-slave DG3 and DG4 ) and local loads. The DC input power for DG1
method, one DG is controlled as voltage source and the is from solar & battery storage and for DG2 the DC input
power is from wind & battery storage. For remaining DG3
978-1-5386-9316-2/18/$31.00 2018 IEEE and DG4 the DC input power is from battery storage.
Fig. 1. Grid connected microgrid.
where, Vc = Vg during grid connected mode; here Vg is The reference voltage of DG1 is obtained from (8) and (14),
grid voltage. During islanded operating mode of microgrid,
vref 1 = V1 ∠θ1 (15)
Vc = V0 ; here V0 is a nominal voltage of microgrid. Q1 &Q2
are rated reactive power delivered from DG1 & DG2 to The instantaneous phase for the reference voltage of DG2
microgrid. QDG1 is the instantanious reactive power delivered is obtained by integrating (10),
by DG1 . n1 is a DG1 droop coefficient for voltage.
ΔV θ 2 = ω2 (16)
n1 = (9)
Q1 The reference voltage of DG2 is obtained from (12) and
The modified droop equations for DG2 are (16),
vref 2 = V2 ∠θ2 (17)
PA1 + Pe1 + PA2 + Pe2
ω 2 = ω c + m2 P2 − PDG2 (10)
P1 + P 2 The block diagram of voltage controller for DG1 and DG2
where, PDG2 is the instantaneous active power delivered by by using modified droop control technique is shown in Fig. 2.
DG2 . m2 is a DG2 droop coefficient for frequency. The DG3 and DG4 are controlled by modified power
control technique, which will act as slaves in the microgrid.
Δf
m2 = 2π (11) Here the local load disturbances will not reflect in microgrid,
P2
those are compensated by respective DG [10]. The control
QR1 + QR2 block diagram of modified power control technique is shown
V2 = Vc + n2 Q2 − PDG2 (12)
Q1 + Q2 in Fig. 3. In microgrid, DG1 and DG2 will act as master DGs
where, QDG2 is the instantaneous reactive power delivered by and the remaining DGs will act as slave DGs.
DG2 . n2 is a DG2 droop coefficient for voltage. The centralised controller is developed in order to achieve
smooth transition between grid connected mode and islanded
ΔV
n2 = (13) mode. If fault occurred in main grid, then the microgrid is
Q2 disconnected and operate in islanded mode. Whenever the fault
The instantaneous phase for the reference voltage of DG1 cleared in main grid, then before reconnecting the microgrid
is obtained by integrating (6), to the main grid; the voltage of microgrid is synchronize with
main grid voltage. The phase error between grid voltage and
θ1 = ω1 (14) microgrid voltage is given to the proportional and integral
(a) Load current (iL1 ) in region-1.
TABLE I
T HE M ICRO G RID PARAMETERS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work is supported by Department of Science and
Technology (DST, Govt. of India), under the Indo-UK col-
laborative research project “Reliable and Efficient System for
Community Energy Solution (RESCUES)”.
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