Law and Morality

WHAT IS LAW?
It is possible to describe law as the body of official rules and regulations, generally found in constitutions, legislation, judicial opinions, and the
like, that is used to govern a society and to control the behaviour of its members, so Law is a formal mechanism of social control.

Law is also defined as a set of rules and principles which enforce particular types of behaviour.
A society’s code of morality may be defined as a set of beliefs, values, principles and standards of behaviour.’

MORALITY
Morality is a rule which lays down a standard of behaviour which the bulk of society accept and to which its members ought to conform and
which justifies censure in its breach.

Religion is defined as a system of beliefs and practices that people follow in order to make sense of life, to bring meaning to their existence
and to bring them comfort and guidance.

THREE MAIN THEORIES

∙ The Liberal View (harm to others) proposed by John Stuart Mill
∙ The Moralistic view (harm to society) proposed by Lord Devlin
∙ Paternalist view (harm to self and others) proposed by Professor H.L.A Hart

CORE & RELATED VALUES

Health
Health refers to a holistic concept of physical, mental and social well- being, with reverence and Health and harmony with nature.
Truth
Truth requires critical thinking as well as creativity and a future and scientific orientation. Tolerance calls for the eradication of prejudices, an
open mind and respect for diversity.
Love
Love includes the need of self-worth and reaching out of others. The ability to love begins with an appreciation of one’s own power and
goodness.
Global Spirituality
Global spirituality enables one to develop an inner relationship with God, the sacred source of life. It allows one to grow in relationships with
the human community and the whole earth, stressing the unity of life. It includes inner peace and religious tolerance.
Peace and Justice
Peace and justice are founded on respect for human rights and love, concern for the common good, cooperation, fairness and social
responsibility, accountability, and active non-violence. ∙ Respect and love for one’s family
Sustainable Human Development
Sustainable human development means a balance between the economic and the social, protection of the environment, wise use of resources,
and responsible consumerism, productivity and equity.
Nationalism
Nationalism is, above all, love of country, appreciation of its history and its heroes, and appreciation of its cultural heritage. Globalism
emphasizes global solidarity, cooperation, interdependence, international understanding, appreciation of the world's heritage and global
peace.
The Human Person
What is a person?
“The person is seen as more than an isolated individual body, but as a dynamically interior person able to grow deeply in oneself through the
others with whom he or she communicates, therefore seeing the person in terms of relation to other persons.”
The Human Act: Its Characteristics
“Knowledge
a familiarity with someone or something, which can include facts, information, descriptions, or skills acquired through experience or education
Freedom
the state of being free at liberty rather than in confinement or under physical restraint • exception from external control, interference,
regulation, etc.
Willfulness
said or done on purpose; deliberate • obstinately bent on having one's own way.
 LESSON 1
Self-concept is how you perceive your behavior, abilities, and unique characteristics.
Like other belief systems, the self-concept includes A
 1. Cognitive
2. Behavioral
3. Affective component.
Cognitive Component: Self Schema

Self-schemas are “cognitive generalizations about the self, derived from past experience, that organize
and guide the processing of self-related information”

Behavioral component: Self-perception

Darl Bem (1972) influential self-perception theory reflects we observe our behavior and the situation in
which it took place, make attributions about why the behavior occurred, and draw conclusions about
our own characteristic and disposition.
In other words, we come to understand ourselves the same way we perceive and understand others.
SELF ESTEEM
 Self-esteem is your overall opinion of yourself — how you feel about your abilities and limitations.

SELF ACTUALIZATION
Self-actualization is the complete realization of one’s potential, and the full development of one’s
abilities and appreciation for life. This concept is at the top of the Maslow hierarchy of needs, so not every
human being reaches it.

SELF AWARENESS
Self awareness Meaning- Knowing one’s own.

5 Pillars Of Self Awareness"

1. Emotional Intelligence (EQ): - is the capacity of recognizing our own feelings, managing and controlling
your emotions.
2. Core Self Evaluation: - Self-efficacy and self-esteem, it’s the extent to which people see themselves as
capable and successful.
The limit to which they can control the situations by their own.
3. Values: - Do what is right for you “not” what is easy for you .
4. Learning Style: - Visual, Auditory, Read/Write.
5. Attitude Towards Change: - “Who wants change? Who wants to change”?
 1. Emotional Ito a situation.
PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
Sociologist Morris Massey has described three major periods during which values are developed.
 The Imprint Period
 The Socialization Period
 The Modeling Period
The Imprint Period
Up to the age of seven, we are like sponges, absorbing everything around us and accepting much of it as true, especially when it comes
from our parents.
The Modeling Period
Between the ages of eight and thirteen, we copy people, often our parents, but also others.
The Socialization Period
Between 13 and 21, we are very largely influenced by our peers.

BECOMING PRINCIPLED
Pre-moral
In the pre-moral state, we have no real values (we are thus 'amoral'). Young children are premoral.
Conventional
Most people have conventional values, as learned from their parents, teachers, and peers.
Principled
When we are truly principled, we believe in our values to the point where they are an integral and subconscious part of our person.

IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING VALUES

KEY CHALLENGES
Tradition vs. Modernity
Developing societies like India often face the conflict about tradition and modernization and both adults and young learners have very uneasy
attitudes in relation to tradition and modernization.
Globalization
One of the contemporary realities is that the socio-cultural environment has been radically transformed. Globalization signifies omni present
culture. Our cultural horizon today embraces almost all the planet. Societies have become less and less mono-cultural.
Diversity
Philippines is a multilingual, multicultural and multi religious country.
In the age of increasing intermingling of communities and cultures, it is important that diversity within the Philippine society is appreciated
based on universal principles.
Inclusivity
A healthy happy society is one in which all its members feel included and do not feel that they are excluded from the processes of the society
because of their color, culture, caste, religion, gender or community.
Environment
Making children sensitive to the environment and the need for its protection is an immediate social concern.
Exploding world of science and technology
It is very clear that coming decades are going to see a greater explosion of science and technology while we are still trying to cope up with the
present challenges of new technology.
Mass Media
A major ubiquitous aspect of contemporary society is the intrusion of the mass media into the day to day life of all societies
VALUES FORMATION

“Values can be described as spiritual skills. Values such as honesty, loyalty and patience are skills of the higher or spiritual mind that is above
the thinking mind. The formation of these values or spiritual skills follows the same process as the formation of skills at lower levels.

Character Values
Character values are the universal values that you need to exist as a good human being.
Work Values
Work values are values that help you find what you want in a job and give you job satisfaction.
Personal Values
Personal values are values that help you define what you want out of life and will assist you in being happy and fulfilled.
They are the guiding principles of your life. Examples of personal values are: family life, popularity, health, and appearance.

VALUES CLARIFICATION
What is Values Clarification?
A method whereby a person can discover his or her own values by assessing, exploring, and determining
what those personal values are and how they affect personal decision making.

There are three basic steps that are useful in Values Clarification:
∙ Choice - right to exercise one's freedoms in any manner
∙ Value - Worth in usefulness or importance to the possessor
∙ Action - something done
Five Things About Values Clarification

Values are better than rules

Forward-thinking The organization promotes values to guide people.
Values send a message
A good value teaches and guides the members of the organization. A symbolic act affirms the value over and over.