Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Bee4523 Slides Chap 1 - 1 Ind Ins

    Uploaded by

    MUHD HAMIZIE
    8 views10 pages
    Industrial instrumentation involves using sensors to measure process variables, comparing the measurements to setpoints, and using controllers to command final control elements to influence the process and maintain control parameters. A general process uses primary sensing elements to measure process variables, transmitters to convert the signals into standardized formats, and transducers to further process the signals if needed. Controllers then receive the standardized signals, compare to setpoints, and generate output signals called manipulated variables to command devices like control valves, motors, or heaters as final control elements to influence the process. Key terms include process variable, manipulated variable, setpoint, transmitter, transducer, and final control element.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    Bee4523 Slides Chap 1_1 Ind Ins

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Industrial instrumentation involves using sensors to measure process variables, comparing the measurements to setpoints, and using controllers to command final control elements to influence the process and maintain control parameters. A general process uses primary sensing elements to measure process variables, transmitters to convert the signals into standardized formats, and transducers to further process the signals if needed. Controllers then receive the standardized signals, compare to setpoints, and generate output signals called manipulated variables to command devices like control valves, motors, or heaters as final control elements to influence the process. Key terms include process variable, manipulated variable, setpoint, transmitter, transducer, and final control element.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views10 pages

    Bee4523 Slides Chap 1 - 1 Ind Ins

    Uploaded by

    MUHD HAMIZIE
    Industrial instrumentation involves using sensors to measure process variables, comparing the measurements to setpoints, and using controllers to command final control elements to influence the process and maintain control parameters. A general process uses primary sensing elements to measure process variables, transmitters to convert the signals into standardized formats, and transducers to further process the signals if needed. Controllers then receive the standardized signals, compare to setpoints, and generate output signals called manipulated variables to command devices like control valves, motors, or heaters as final control elements to influence the process. Key terms include process variable, manipulated variable, setpoint, transmitter, transducer, and final control element.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    BEE4523 INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION

    CHAPTER 1:
    INTRODUCTION TO
    INDUSTRIAL
    INSTRUMENTATION

    Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr.


    Mohd Razali Daud
    WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION
    Instrumentation is the science of automated measurement and control.
    [Kupalt ]

    Using a sensor to measure the condition of the process, compare to


    the set point and command (processor: computer / PLC) the final
    control element (i.e.: control valve) to influence the process to
    maintain within control parameters

    instrument Autonomous
    system
    GENERAL PROCESS BLOCK DIAGRAM
    PLC, Microcontroller,
    Raspberry PI, etc.

    Control valve, motor


    pump, heater, etc.
    Primary sensing elements:
    Thermometer, RTD, DP
    Ultrasonic, Radar, etc.
    CAR CRUISE CONTROL BLOCK DIAGRAM

    F.C.E PROCESS

    P.S.E
    TERMS
    Transmitter: A device translating the signal produced by a primary sensing element (PSE) into
    a standardized instrumentation signal such as 3-15 PSI air pressure, 4-20 mA DC electric current,
    Fieldbus digital signal packet, etc., which may then be conveyed to an indicating device, a controlling
    device, or both.
    TERMS

    Transducer: A device converting one standardized instrumentation signal into another standardized
    instrumentation signal, and/or performing some sort of processing on that signal. Often referred to as a
    converter and sometimes as a “relay.” Examples: I/P converter (converts 4-20 mA electric signal into 3-15
    PSI pneumatic signal), P/I converter (converts 3-15 PSI pneumatic signal into 4-20 mA electric signal),
    square-root extractor (calculates the square root of the input signal).
    TERMS
    TERMS
    Setpoint, or SP: The value at which we desire the process variable to be maintained at. In other words, the
    “target” value for the process variable.

    Zero and Span: alternative descriptions to LRV and URV for the 0% and 100% points of an
    instrument’s calibrated range. “Zero” refers to the beginning-point of an instrument’s range (equivalent to
    LRV), while “span” refers to the width of its range (URV − LRV). For example, if a temperature transmitter is
    calibrated to measure a range of temperature starting at 300 degrees Celsius and ending at 500oC, its zero
    would be 300oC and its span would be 200oC.

    Process Variable, or PV: The specific quantity we are measuring in a process. Examples: pressure,
    level, temperature, flow, electrical conductivity, pH, position, speed, vibration.

    Manipulated Variable, or MV: Another term to describe the output signal generated by a controller.
    This is the signal commanding (“manipulating”) the final control element to influence the process.

    Final Control Element, or FCE: A device receiving the signal output by a controller to directly
    influence the process. Examples: variable-speed electric motor, control valve, electric heater
    GENERAL PROCESS BLOCK DIAGRAM
    PLC, Microcontroller,
    Raspberry PI, etc.

    Output value is called


    Measured value is called manipulated variable
    process variable
    Transducer

    Control valve, motor


    pump, heater, etc.
    Primary sensing elements: Transmitter
    Thermometer, RTD, DP
    Ultrasonic, Radar, etc.
    THANK
    YOU

    You might also like