NURSING INFORMATICS THEORIES, MODELS, & FRAMEWORKS

What is Nursing Informatics?

Knowledge Group of Decision-Sup
Defined by American Nurses Association (ANA, interrelated port System
2001) pieces of
● A specialty that integrates nursing information
science, computer science, and
information science to manage and Wisdom Ability to Expert
apply System
communicate data, information, and
knowledge to
knowledge in nursing practice. human
● Facilitates the integration of data, problems
information, and knowledge to support
patients, nurses, and other providers in
Models for Nursing Informatics
their decision-making in all roles and
settings.
1. Clinical-Information-System (CIS) Model
● This support is accomplished through the
- To depict system components, influencing
use of information structure, information
factors and relationships that need to be
processes, and information technology.
considered when attempting to capture
the complexities of professional nursing
Nursing Science
practice.
- Development of theories and practical
2. Graves and Corcoran
concepts for improving how clinicians and
- Placed data, information, knowledge in
patients administer care and manage
sequential boxes with one-way arrows
conditions. It merges the worlds of natural,
pointing from data to information
applied, and human science into a
knowledge.
multi-dimensional lens that explores new
- Direct depiction of nursing informatics
and better ways to deliver health services
(acquisition of knowledge and skills).

Information Science
- Study of processes for storing and
retrieving information, especially scientific
or technical information.

Computer Science
- Study of the principles and use of 3. Schwirian
computers (technology). - Guide systematic research in discipline;
provides a framework for identifying
Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom significant information.
Model (DIKW Model)
- Provides a theoretical framework for
defining the scope of practice for nursing
informatics.

Data Raw facts Information

System

Information Raw fact

processed to
produce
meaning 4. Turley
NURSING INFORMATICS THEORIES, MODELS, & FRAMEWORKS
- Core components of informatics: cognitive
science, information science, and
computer science are depicted in
intersecting circles.
5. McGonigle and Mastrian
- Foundation of knowledge model; shows
data and information distributed randomly.
Theories Supporting Nursing Informatics
A. Nursing Theories
- Grand nursing theories
- Middle range nursing theories
B. Novice to Expert (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1998)
- 5 stages; novice, advanced beginner,
competent, proficient, and expert.
C. Computer Science
- A study of algorithms for solving
computation problems; programming
languages to solve specific computational
problems.
D. Information Science
- Gathering, manipulation, classification,
storage, and retrieval of recorded
knowledge.
E. Communication
- To analyze information transfer and the
effectiveness and efficiency of
communications
- Blum’s theory; data, information, &
knowledge
F. Cognitive Science
- A study of mind
- Enhancements of biological-based
intelligence and artificial intelligence.
G. Systems Theory
- Focuses on the organization and
interdependence of relationships within a
system
- Information systems and people are
usually considered open systems
H. Behavioral and Social Sciences
- focuses on process of driving actions;
emotions, cognition, motivation
❖ Planned-changed theory
❖ Learning Theories
❖ Organizational Behavior
❖ Management Science - rational,
science-based
❖ Group dynamics
Student Notes:
● It is important for nurses to have critical
judgment, wisdom, and competency when
deciding their priorities and applying
nursing interventions in patient care.
● They use nonverbal communication when
exchanging data and information.
● The information system is not limited to
patient care.
● The CIS model is the central core of
nursing informatics.
● In the Schwirian model, nurses share a
common goal of achieving positive health
outcomes. They devised a plan of care
NURSING INFORMATICS THEORIES, MODELS, & FRAMEWORKS

and instituted different actions for their

patients depending on their condition.
● In the Turley model, cognitive science is
the common understanding of nursing
science, technology, and information
applied.
● In the McGonigle and Mastrian model, the
concept of communication emphasizes
that knowledge will be meaningful if
there’s feedback.