Field Survey Report

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Submitted by:

Amit Consultant Pvt. Ltd. [AMIT]

Pulchowki Mai Marga, New Baneshwor
Kathmandu, Nepal
Branch Office : Butwal, dhava
Tel: +977 01 4106310
E-mail: amit.consultant2015@gmail.com
Web: www.amitconsultant.com

Kathmandu, Nepal, Submitted Date: 2078/08/12

40km Pilot Road Section Survey (H-01 Mahendra Highway) from Dhan Khola
(Chainage 676) to Lamahi (Chainage 715) Field Survey Rep

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER - 1........................................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF ASSIGNMENT........................................................................................................ 1
1.3 SCOPES OF WORK...................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER - 2........................................................................................................................................... 2
FIELD ACTIVITIES REPORT....................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 DATA COLLECTION AND REVIEW...................................................................................................2
2.2.1 Monumentation Survey...................................................................................................2
2.2.2 Reconnaissance Survey..................................................................................................2
2.2.3 Establishment of Control Point..........................................................................................2
2.3 LOCATION OF SITE...................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER - 3........................................................................................................................................... 4
METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1 FIELD TEAM MOBILIZATION........................................................................................................... 4
3.2 FIELD WORK............................................................................................................................... 4
3.3 Data Collection with GNSS Survey and Total Station Survey....................................................................4
3.4 DETAILED TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY................................................................................................9
3.5 UAV Aerial Image Survey..............................................................................................................10
3.6 Downloading and Plotting of Data....................................................................................................11

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List of Figure
Figure 2.1: Location Map of Project Area.........................................................................................................4
Figure 2.2: Location Map of Project Area.........................................................................................................4
Figure 3.1: Site Monument........................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3.2: GNSS Survey............................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 3.3: Establishing the GNSS Control Point.............................................................................................10
Figure 3.5: Detail from RTK Method by GNSS................................................................................................12

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CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION

This is the Field Report of Consultancy Services for a water Supply work . This Report is submitted by AMIT
CONSULTANT PVT. LTD.
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

Kapilbastu, is one of the districts of Lumbini Province, Nepal. The district, with Kapilbastu municipality as its
district headquarters, covers an area of 1,738 square kilometres (671 sq mi) and in 2001 had a population of
481,976, which increased to 571,936 in 2011

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF ASSIGNMENT

To prepare the Topographical Survey and Design.

1.3 SCOPES OF WORK

Broad outline of the scope of services are:

i)
Carryout Topographical Survey using GNSS & Total Station for Road and Approaches
(generally for a length of 50 m on either side)

ii)
Fixing of control frame work comprising of the following activities:

a)
Establishment of Main Control by GNSS.

b)
Establishment of Subsidiary Control Points by Total Station.

c)
Topographic & X-Section Survey

iii)
UAV Survey

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CHAPTER - 2
FIELD ACTIVITIES REPORT

2.1 GENERAL

Field Work Phase done included the following:

 Data Collection and Review

 Finding of Control Point Provided by GSD

 Establishing & Marking of Control Point, Bench Mark & Temporary Bench Mark along with whole Section

 Detailed Topographical Survey

 Air Borne Survey

 Consultative Meeting with Client & Local People

 Inventory Survey of the Alignment

 Field Report Preparation and Submission

2.2 DATA COLLECTION AND REVIEW

We had collected the relevant data from GSD for Control point. We has also collected and reviewed the available
reports, data, literatures, maps and information from various organizations before start of field works.

2.2.1 Monumentation Survey

After the Recce Survey the monumentation teams was moved for monument and establishing the Control Point
(GNNS Point), Bench Mark (BM) and Temporary Bench Mark (TBM) where it is feasible. The Point was fixed on
such place from where they can clearly see one point to other. The Major Point was made of Concrete Pillar with
the nail in center or Stable Rock Bolder marking center points. Some of the major control points were marked
either by iron pin in the rock or fixed by cross marks chiseled on the boulders. The chiseled marks are made
conspicuous by enamel paint.

2.2.2 Reconnaissance Survey

The objective of site reconnaissance is to planning for mobilization of survey Field team.

After reconnaissance, survey teams were mobilized to the project site in order to conduct the field survey. The
team was headed by a qualified senior surveyor.
The first team conducted a walkover survey throughout the project area at first and planned further programme
about the establishment of concrete pillars, the number of survey teams required and about the camping sites to

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stay throughout the working period. In brief, the team was responsible for preliminary managerial works in the
field.

2.2.3 Establishment of Control Point

At first the Monumentation was done which were fixed the Survey team on Permeant Concrete Pillar.

Table 2.1: Control Point Data

Control
S. No. Name of Place Easting Northing Elevation
Point No.
1 83°10'8.54"E 27°34'39.24"N

2.3 LOCATION OF SITE

The project located on the Dang District is a Lumbini Province district located in Nepal's Inner Terai region. The
district's Deukhuri valley is the province's capital and Asia's second-biggest valley, bordered by the Sivalik Hills
and Mahabharata Range. Ghorahi, Dang's district headquarters, is Nepal's sixth biggest city and largest sub-
metropolitan city. The second biggest city in Dang, Tulsipur sub-metropolitan city, is an important transportation
center with concrete roads and aviation networks. Mahendra Highway also called East-West Highway runs
across the Terai geographical region of Nepal, from Mechinagar in the east to Bhim Datta in the west, cutting
across the entire Length of the country.

The proposed project cover the length of 40 km stretch of Road that starts from Dhan Khola to Lamahi with
following geographical locations.

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Figure 2.1: Location Map of Project Area

Figure 2.2: Location Map of Project Area

CHAPTER - 3
METHODOLOGY

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3.1 FIELD TEAM MOBILIZATION

The Consultant Mobilize Field Teams member for Survey Work including Cross Sections, Topographical Survey
and Recommendation for Detailed Study Works. The survey team were lead by the surveying team Leader. All
the necessary tools equipment and logistics were mobilized to collect data and to carry out the field works.
3.2 FIELD WORK
The Consultant has collect field data adopting standard process of field data collection for Road Survey.
Following sequence of works will be followed for collection of field data are:
1. Mounumentation & Recee of the Project Area
2. Carrying out GNSS Survey Works
3. Carrying out Air Borne (Drone) Survey
4. Carrying out Topographical Survey Works
3.3 Data Collection with GNSS Survey and Total Station Survey

GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is a satellite system that is used to pinpoint the geographic location of
a user's receiver anywhere in the world applicable for geodetic control survey. This can be apply as:
1. Static GPS Surveying
2. Real time kinematic (RTK) GPS Survey
3. Total Station Survey
4. Drone Survey

3.3.1 Mission Planning & Reconnaissance

Satellite signals were introduced as the measurable quantities that are needed to generate monitoring
information. Satellite signals are microwaves that penetrate cloud cover and travel under all weather conditions,
but unfortunately cannot penetrate dense vegetation, canopies or buildings. Because of this, and in order to
reduce the detrimental effects of atmospheric refraction and multipath signals, it is desirable that the antenna has
as clear view of the sky as possible.

An elevation angle of above 15° and data interval was 5 sec is often considered suitable to enable a clear sky
view though this could at times be as low as 10°. PDOP is computed from the positions of the satellites in relation
to the receiver and takes a single value, It is a measure based solely on the geometry of the satellites and
therefore can be computed prior to any observation being taken.
3.3.2 Monument & Pegging Fixing
Route Reccee and Pegging was completed by the Survey Team Leader himself, the senior most surveyor. The
aim of this activity is to establish control points at suitable and safe places along the route by establishing primary
and secondary control points along the approved alignment, and also for the riverine survey.

Permanent Control Pillars using GNSS Survey were installed. Every effort was made to select locations, which
were safe from conservation point of view and free of any obstruction to facilitate uninterrupted GNSS signals and
observation.
The location of the pillars was suitably selected away from the road but within the ROW so that it is not disturbed
by traffic. Also the site was selected in an open area so that the signals from the satellite are received from all.

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Proper description and sketch of the location of each pillar with respect to the surrounding details were prepared
to ensure easy identification and traceability

Figure 3.1: Site Monument

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3.3.3 GNSS Observations

Hi-Target –V90Plus, DUAL FREQUENCY GNSS- 220 CHANNEL WITH GLONOSS, RTK & POST
PROCESSING ACTIVATED instruments were used. For the purpose of fixing starting control point to the best
possible absolute accuracy. Based on this Reference Point observation, the coordinates of GPS were computed
in “single point positioning” mode. Accepting GPS as the fixed point, the other points were observed in continuity
and computed in “base line” mode.
These latitude and longitude values were suitably projected on a plain surface to get X and Y Grid Coordinates of
all GPS control Points using the Modified Universal Transverse Mercator (MUTM) Projection (Zone-84). X, Y, Z of
GPS pillars has shown in Table Establishing GPS points are shown in Figure. The position of a point is
determined by measure distances or pseudo ranges from the receiver to at least four satellites. The GNSS
receiver "knows" where each of the satellites is at the instant in which the distance was measured. These
distances will intersect only at one point, the position of the GNSS receiver (antenna). The receiver "knows" the
position of the satellites, because this information comes from the broadcast ephemeris that is downloaded when
the GNSS receiver is turned on. The GNSS receiver performs the necessary mathematical calculations, then
displays and/or stores the position, along with any other descriptive information entered by the operator from the
keyboard.

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3.2: GNSS Survey

3.3.4 Field Procedure

Having done the planning, the next step involves the actual procedure for the field measurements. The objective
of a given environmental task will dictate the types of equipment needed for the task.

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One of the tasks undertaken during a GNSS survey is the setting up of the antenna over some mark. These
marks can be made of pillars upon which the GNSS receiver is set or some marks on the ground, in which a
tripod and Rover Road has to be used.

3.3.5 Static GPS Survey

Where a reference station exists, the static relative positioning is recommended for higher positioning accuracy.
In this mode of operation, two GNSS receivers or more are required in order to observe the same satellites
simultaneously. Though additional cost is incurred in providing additional equipment, the advantage over absolute
point positioning is the capability of eliminating or minimizing errors associated with the atmosphere and satellite
orbits through differencing techniques. This method is more effective over short baselines of less than 30km
where the atmospheric errors are assumed to be the same. Using this method, one receiver will be set at a
reference (control) station while the other receiver will be set at an unknown station. Tracking of satellites must
then be simultaneous and synchronized (i.e. same time and instant). The Base observation time takes 6 hour or
more with data being sampled at intervals of 10-15 seconds. And other were observe 45 min to 1 hours at interval
of 5 Sec. The times of observation is depend on location and surround environment of the areas.

Longer duration of observation benefits from the improved satellite geometry leading to better solution of the
unknown integer ambiguities. When the settings are properly done, and errors minimized through proper prior
planning, the method is capable of giving coordinate differences (∆X;∆Y;∆Z) of centimeter to millimeter accuracy.
This method is useful in establishing of higher precision control networks.

3.3.6 Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)

As the name suggests, this method is capable of delivering real-time positions in the field as the survey is being
undertaken. It uses the DGPS principle The base receiver remains stationary and has a transmitting radio link
while the roving receiver is in motion and has are receiving radio link. The base receiver samples data every
second and transmits these raw data together with its position via the communications link (e.g., satellites,
mobiles or radio) to the roving receiver. Using its radio receiver, the rover receives the transmitted data from the
base receiver and uses in-built software to combine and process the GNSS measurements obtained at both the
base and roving receivers to obtain its position. Normally the surveyor carries the roving receiver attached to the
radio link in a back pack. The method requires the fixing of the integer ambiguities at the start of the survey
(initialization) before undertaking the survey. Once the initial ambiguity has been fixed, the roving receiver can be
moved. Any loss of-lock due to obstructions makes a re-initialization necessary. This method was used for Stake
out in the project area. Most RTK systems require the roving receiver to be within 10 km from the base station
(assuming similar atmospheric conditions), use of multiple base stations, i.e. network RTK, and provides an
alternative for baselines more than 10 km long.

3.3.7 GNSS Data processing

 Positioning information provided by GNSS contain errors. The errors due to atmospheric effects
and orbital perpetrations can be corrected by means of a technique called “Differential Correction”.
 At the end of each day the Post Processing of GNSS observations in MUTM was carried out using
the Post Processing software to remove any possible error.

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Figure 3.5: Detail Collecting

3.4 DETAILED TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY

Detailed topographical survey of all natural and manmade topographical features has been carried out by picking
up their x, y and z coordinates using Total Stations having automatic data recording devices with appropriate
feature codes attached to each point. Survey corridor is 50m on either side of the center line of existing road.
Sokkia Total Stations Power Set and Cygnus and GNSS were used for collecting topographic details.

During topographic survey, all existing features, such as roads, tracks, houses, huts, graves, trees, underground
(if markers are visible) and overhead utilities, water courses, drains, top and bottom levels of cliff, etc. and all
other features present within the survey strip area were picked. Spot levels at regular interval were observed to
depict the relief of the area.
All man-made and natural topographical features were surveyed, including:

 Water sources, Ponds etc.

 Culverts with their type and number
 Electric and telephone lines
 Huts, Buildings, fences, stairs, hand pumps, bore wells, wells
 All Buildings were collected with suitable codes depending upon its classification like residential,
commercial, educational, health Center, industrial, religious etc.

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Cross sections at every 50 m interval in flat terrain and at lesser interval on undulating terrain or horizontal curves
were also taken using Total Stations.
3.4.1 FLOW CHART OF TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY
Detailed topographic survey is conducted using contemporary tools and techniques to enable engineers in
carrying out detailed engineering design of Project in accordance with the requirements identified in the Terms of
Reference. The following flow-chart briefly describes the procedures of different components of this topographic
survey.

Mobilization of Survey GNSS survey and

Team & Monument connecting with Post Processing of Data OK
fixing Trig/BM where GNSS Data
available

Topographic & X-Sec.

Processing of Survey Data Survey & UAV
Survey & Inventory
Survey
Data Processing to develop 2D/3D
string for design / DTM

3.5 UAV Aerial Image Survey

Surveying with a drone offers enormous potential to GIS and Remote Sensing professionals. With a drone, it is
possible to carry out Topo Features for surveys of the same quality as the highly accurate measurements. A
drone survey refers to the use of a drone, or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), to capture aerial data with
downward-facing sensors, such as RGB or multispectral cameras, and LIDAR payloads. During a drone survey
with an RGB camera, the ground is photographed several times from different angles, and each image is tagged
with coordinates.
From this data, a photogrammetry software can create geo-referenced orthomosaics, elevation models or 3D
models of the project area. These maps can also be used to extract information such as highly-accurate
distances or volumetric measurements.
Mavic 2Pro will fly up to 25 mins on a single battery in ideal conditions. To ensure accuracy of 1-2cm images
was Captures with 70% overlap (lateral and forward) was enough to get the whole project area. Adjoining
parcels, roads, woods, and other objects - properly mapped Mavic 2Pro integrated GPS (EXIF data for each
image) would most probably be enough to achieve satisfactory geo-referencing in this particular case, but to
really make sure it was as accurate as possible we put extra GCP and validation points in place.

3.5.1 Flight planning and survey reconnaissance

A survey reconnaissance was conducted to get an overview of the location and to prevent dangerous
obstructions such as cell towers, prohibited area, power lines, etc. This survey was also used to investigate and
define the areas where to make the GCP.
Pre-flight check and pre-mark installation. In this stage, the GCP markings were created and installed in the field.
The marking used a Red-enamel marking colored as shown in Figure
The next step is defining the flight parameters. It includes the height, frontal and side overlap, and the size areas
captured. The heights were 100 m & 80 m in Terai Area and side overlap for both areas were 70% and 70%
respectively.

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Figure: UAV Survey Doing

3.6 Downloading and Plotting of Data

3.7.1 Data Availability

After completion the data were stored on the I hand30 and Drone and Total Station and data and Image were
downloaded on a USB which was in RINEX ,CSV,And JPG Format. That data were copied to the computer. Then
format data were converted to CSV and XLS format. The data was processing with different Software i.e HGO for
GNSS Survey, Agsoft for image Processing,Erdas Imagine 2014 for ortho rectification, Arc GIS 10.8.1 for Vector
Overlapping Then the data were imported to GIS & AutoCAD-LD, DTM for the preparation of Map

3.7 Survey completion Date

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Minute in Project Site

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Minute in Project Site

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