Carbon cycle

The carbon cycle is nature way of reusing carbon atoms, which travels from atmosphere

to the organisms in the earth and back into the atmosphere over and over again. The diagram

shows that how carbon cycle takes place in nature. There are six main processes in carbon

cycle namely photosynthesis, respiration, exchange, sedimentation, extraction and combustion.

First of all, plants take in carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis through the

leaves. Then, animals eat the plants and take in carbon and release carbon dioxide into the

atmosphere in the process of respiration. The carbon dioxide in the air is dissolved in sea water

and become sediments and form fossil fuels over time. In this process of sedimentation include

organisms died and they become decay and form fossil fuels after millions of years later. The

fossil fuels formed are extracted back in the earth through anthropogenic activities. They are

used in our daily for the energy we need nowadays in the process of combustion. And then ,

release carbon dioxide into the air again.

The process of pencil making

The diagram illustrates the process of manufacturing pencil. It is man-made process.

Firstly, ground graphite is mixed with clay and water to become graphite dough. When graphite

dough is reached into required consistency, it is passed into forming press to produce a long thin

rod. And, this rod is cut into small length for pencil and it is called leads and allowed to dry.

After drying , the leads are put into the oven and heated to 800 degree Celsius. Meanwhile ,

pencil cases are prepared. The wood is sawn into wide slats and number of narrow grooves are

cut lengthwise into each other. After that, a thin coat of glue is applied onto the wood slats and

pencil leads are placed into each groove. Another of slat of wood is placed onto that and making

sandwich of slats. The slats are then cut into each individual pencil and put into shaping machine

to become smooth to hold. Now, pencils are ready to use.