Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Powertech 3
Powertech 3
Models:
Power-Tech 1, 2 & 3
Some models may be exported under the name Amcron.®
125351-4
02/00
IMPORTANT
THE POWER-TECH 1 AND 2 REQUIRE CLASS 2 OUTPUT WIRING.
THE POWERTECH 3 REQUIRES CLASS 1 WIRING IF USED IN THE
BRIDGE MONO OR PARALLEL MONO MODES.
CAUTION AVIS
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK RISQUE DE CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE
DO NOT OPEN N’OUVREZ PAS
Magnetic Field
CAUTION! Do not locate sensitive high-gain
equipment such as preamplifiers or tape decks
directly above or below the unit. Because this
amplifier has a high power density, it has a strong
WARNING magnetic field which can induce hum into unshielded
devices that are located nearby. The field is strongest
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC just above and below the unit.
SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS If an equipment rack is used, we recommend locating
EQUIPMENT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE! the amplifier(s) in the bottom of the rack and the
preamplifier or other sensitive equipment at the top.
3 Operation
3.1 Precautions 3.3 Protection Systems
Although your amplifier is protected from external faults, Power-Tech amplifiers have extensive protection
the following safety precautions are recommended: systems, including ODEP, ultrasonic/RF protection, drive
1. There are important differences among the Stereo, protection, transformer thermal protection and fuses or
Bridge-Mono and Parallel-Mono operating modes. circuit breakers to protect the power supplies.
Please refer to Section 2 for additional information. 3.3.1 ODEP
2. WARNING: Do not change the position of the Crown invented ODEP to keep the amplifier working
stereo/mono switch unless the amplifier is first under demanding conditions and to increase output
turned off. efficiency. To do this, Crown established a rigorous
3. CAUTION: In Parallel-Mono mode, a jumper is program to measure each transistor’s safe operating
used to connect the red binding post outputs. area (SOA). Intelligent circuitry was then designed to
Be sure to remove this jumper for Bridge-Mono simulate the instantaneous conditions of the output
or Stereo mode, or high distortion and exces- transistors. Its name describes what it does: Output
sive heating will occur. Also, make sure the ste- Device Emulation Protection, or ODEP. In simple terms,
reo/mono switch is set to the proper position. ODEP compares transistor conditions to their known
SOA. If more power will be asked of them than they can
4. Use care when making connections, selecting sig- deliver under the existing conditions, ODEP limits the
nal sources and controlling the output level. The drive until conditions fall within the SOA. Limiting is
load you save may be your own! proportional and kept to an absolute minimum—only
5. Do not short the ground lead of an output cable to what is required to prevent output transistor damage.
the input signal ground. This will form a ground Under normal conditions, no limiting is required and
loop and may cause oscillations. ODEP is transparent to the audio signal.
6. Operate the amplifier from AC mains of not more ODEP makes possible a quantum leap in output
than 10% variation above or below the selected efficiency and reliability—with ODEP, the show goes on.
line voltage and only the specified line frequency.
7. Never connect the output to a power supply 3.3.2 Ultrasonic and Radio Frequency Protection
output, battery or power main. Such connec- An amplifier’s slew rate only needs to be large enough to
tions may result in electrical shock. deliver the maximum voltage at the highest required
8. Tampering with the circuitry by unqualified person- frequency. Higher slew rates actually allow undesirable
nel or making unauthorized circuit changes may ultrasonic and radio frequencies to be reproduced. By
be hazardous and invalidates all agency listings. design, Power-Tech amplifiers have a controlled slew
Remember: Crown is not liable for any damage that rate to limit the highest frequencies that they reproduce.
results from overdriving other system components. Limiting occurs well above 20 kHz, so there is no audible
affect on performance. This approach protects the
amplifier from radio frequencies and can even protect
3.2 Indicators some sensitive loads (including some tweeters).
When lit, the amber enable indicator shows that the
amplifier has been turned on. It is driven only by the low- 3.3.3 Drive Protection
voltage power supply and does not indicate the status of
The drive protection system temporarily removes output
the high-voltage supplies.
drive to protect the amplifier and its loads. Drive
The signal/IOC indicators flash green in sync with the protection can be activated in two situations. First, if
audio input signal, and flash yellow if the input waveform dangerous subsonic frequencies or direct current (DC)
differs from the output by more than 0.05%. IOC reports is detected in the amplifier’s output, the unit will activate
any distortion over 0.05% introduced by the amplifier its DC/low-frequency protection circuitry which puts the
including harmonic distortion, intermodulation distortion amplifier in drive protection mode. This protects the
and clipping distortion. loads and prevents oscillations. The unit resumes normal
operation as soon as the amplifier no longer detects
dangerous output. Although it is extremely unlikely that
you will ever activate the amplifier’s DC/low-frequency
protection system, improper source materials like
subsonic square waves or input overloads that
excessively clip the input signal can activate this system.
The amplifier’s fault protection system will put the A Power-Tech amplifier will not blow its fuse or trip its
amplifier in drive protection mode in rare situations breaker unless something is wrong. In the rare event that
where heavy common-mode current is detected in the an internal fuse blows, please refer the unit to a qualified
output. The unit should never output heavy common- technician. If a breaker trips, try to identify and correct
mode current unless its circuitry is damaged. Activating the problem before resetting the breaker. The breaker for
drive protection helps prevent further damage. the Power-Tech 1 and 2 can be reset using the front
panel power switch. The circuit breaker for a Power-
3.3.4 Transformer Thermal Protection Tech 3 can be reset using the back panel reset switch.
All Power-Tech amplifiers have transformer thermal If the problem persists, refer the unit to a qualified
protection. This protection circuitry is activated in technician.
unusual situations where the unit’s transformer
temperature rises to unsafe levels. Under these 3.4 Controls
abnormal conditions, the unit removes power to the high- The power switch and level controls are located on the
voltage transformer. The fan will continue to run in all front panel so you can easily turn the amplifier on or off
units except those with 220/240 VAC transformers. The and adjust the amplifier’s output level. When making any
amplifier will return to normal after it cools to a safe setup or wiring changes, don’t forget to turn the amplifier
temperature. off, turn the level controls down and disconnect the
It is very unlikely that your Power-Tech amplifier will ever power cord. The stereo/mono switch on the back panel
activate transformer thermal protection as long as it is is used to select Stereo, Bridge-Mono or Parallel-Mono
operated within rated conditions. Your amplifier is operating modes. Be sure to leave Channel 2 turned
designed to keep working under conditions where other down when using either mono mode. The input
amplifiers would fail. But even when you exceed the sensitivity switch located inside the back cover plate is
limits of a Power-Tech amplifier, it still protects itself— used to set the amplifier’s input sensitivity (see Section
and your investment—from damage. 2.3 for information on changing this switch). And the
Power-Tech 3 has a back panel reset switch that is
3.3.5 Fuses and Circuit Breakers used to reset the circuit breaker that protects the power
supplies.
Your amplifier’s low-voltage power supply is protected
by an internal fuse, and its high-voltage power supplies
are protected by a circuit breaker. The circuit breaker is 3.5 Filter Cleaning
built into the power switch for all Power-Tech 1 , A dust filter is provided on the unit’s air intake. If it
Power-Tech 2 and 220/240 VAC Power-Tech 3 becomes clogged, the unit will cool less efficiently and
amplifiers. The circuit breaker is located on the back may produce lower output levels. To clean the filter, use
panel of 100/120 VAC Power-Tech 3 amplifiers. With a Phillips screwdriver to remove the three screws that
rated loads and output levels, the circuit breaker will only secure the front grille. Use mild dishwashing detergent
shut down the amplifier in the incredibly rare instance of and warm water for best cleaning results. Be sure the
a catastrophic amplifier failure. Other protection systems filter is dry before you reinstall it. Replacement filters may
such as ODEP keep the amplifier operational under most be ordered from the factory.
other severe conditions. The breaker can also shut down Dust filters are not 100% efficient—depending on the
the amplifier in situations where extremely low- local environment, the internal heat sinks of the amplifier
impedance loads and high output levels result in current will benefit from periodic cleaning by a qualified
draw that exceeds the breaker rating. Again, this should technician. Internal cleaning information is available
only be possible when operating outside rated from our Technical Support Group.
conditions, like when the amplifier is used to drive a 1
ohm load, or when driving a severely clipped signal.
4 Specifications Power
Output Power: The following specifications are
The following applies to units in Stereo mode with 8-ohm loads and an
input sensitivity of 26 dB unless otherwise specified.
guaranteed minimums for standard 1 kHz power from
120 VAC, 60 Hz North American units. For
Standard 1 kHz Power: refers to maximum average power in watts at international power specifications see the matrices that
1 kHz with 0.1% THD.
follow.
Full Bandwidth Power: refers to maximum average power in watts
from 20 Hz to 20 kHz with 0.1% THD.
Power-Tech 1
Stereo mode (both channels driven):
120 VAC, 60 Hz Units: refers to amplifiers with dedicated transformers 305 watts into 4 ohms.
for 120 VAC, 60 Hz power mains.
220 watts into 8 ohms.
International Units: refers to amplifiers with special multi-tap
Bridge-Mono mode:
transformers that make them configurable for several AC mains
voltages and line frequencies. 605 watts into 8 ohms.
445 watts into 16 ohms.
Performance Parallel-Mono mode:
Frequency Response: ±0.1 dB from 20 Hz to 20 kHz at 605 watts into 2 ohms.
1 watt. 440 watts into 4 ohms.
Phase Response: ±10 degrees from 10 Hz to 20 kHz at Power-Tech 2
1 watt. Stereo mode (both channels driven):
Signal-to-Noise: A-weighted, better than 105 dB below 460 watts into 4 ohms.
full bandwidth power. Better than 100 dB below full 325 watts into 8 ohms.
bandwidth power from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Bridge-Mono mode:
910 watts into 8 ohms.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD): Less than 0.05% at
660 watts into 16 ohms.
full bandwidth power from 20 Hz to 1 kHz increasing
linearly to 0.1% at 20 kHz. Parallel-Mono mode:
920 watts into 2 ohms.
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD): (60 Hz and 7 kHz 655 watts into 4 ohms.
4:1) Less than 0.05% from less than 171 milliwatts to full
bandwidth power. Power-Tech 3
Stereo mode (both channels driven):
Damping Factor: Greater than 1,000 from 10 Hz to
760 watts into 4 ohms.
400 Hz.
540 watts into 8 ohms.
Crosstalk Bridge-Mono mode:
Power-Tech 1: Greater than 75 dB below full bandwidth 1,525 watts into 8 ohms.
power from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, rising linearly to greater than 1,090 watts into 16 ohms.
60 dB at 20 kHz.
Power-Tech 2: Greater than 90 dB below full bandwidth Parallel-Mono mode:
power from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, rising linearly to greater than 1,530 watts into 2 ohms.
66 dB at 20 kHz. 1,080 watts into 4 ohms.
Power-Tech 3: Greater than 90 dB below full bandwidth Load Impedance: Safe with all types of loads. Rated for
power from 50 Hz to 4 kHz, rising linearly to greater than 4 to 8 ohms in Stereo, 8 to 16 ohms in Bridge-Mono and 2
70 dB at 20 kHz. to 4 ohms in Parallel-Mono mode.
Controlled Slew Rate: Greater than 13 volts/ms. Required AC Mains: Power requirements are provided
Voltage Gain: 20:1 ±3% or 26 dB ±0.25 dB at the on each unit’s back panel. 120 VAC, 60 Hz and 100/120/
maximum level setting. 220/240 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz (unconvertible) units are
Power-Tech 1: 54:1 ±12% or 35 dB ±0.5 dB at 0.775-volt available. Rated AC mains voltages are ±10%.
sensitivity; 30:1 ±12% or 30 dB ±1 dB at 1.4-volt Quiescent power draw is 90 watts or less.
sensitivity. Power-Tech 1: 100 and 120 VAC units draw up to 6
Power-Tech 2: 66:1 ±12% or 36 dB ±0.5 dB at 0.775-volt amps of current; 220 and 240 VAC units draw up to 3
sensitivity; 36:1 ±12% or 31 dB ±1 dB at 1.4-volt amps.
sensitivity. Power-Tech 2: 100 and 120 VAC units draw up to 10
Power-Tech 3: 84:1 ±12% or 38 dB ±0.5 dB at 0.775-volt amps of current; 220 and 240 VAC units draw up to 5
sensitivity; 46:1 ±12% or 33 dB ±1 dB at 1.4-volt amps.
sensitivity. Power-Tech 3: 100 and 120 VAC units draw up to 15
amps of current; 220 and 240 VAC units draw up to 7
amps.
Reference Manual Page 11
You must provide sufficient AC power to the amplifier. Parallel-Mono: Unbalanced, single-channel. Channel 1
Amplifiers do not create energy—they require proper controls are active; Channel 2 controls should be turned
voltage and current to deliver the power you expect. down and not used.
Low-Voltage Power Supply: A ±24 VDC fanformer Protection
supply (fan motor winding) regulated to ±15 VDC.
Power-Tech amplifiers are protected against shorted,
AC Connector: An appropriate AC line cord and plug open or mismatched loads; overloaded power supplies;
are provided. North American units have a standard excessive temperature; chain destruction phenomena;
3-wire, 15-amp grounded connector (NEMA 5-15P). input overload and high-frequency blowups. They also
protect loudspeakers from input and output DC, as well
Controls as providing protection from turn-on/turn-off transients.
Power: A front panel push button switch used to turn the
If operating conditions are unreasonable, the patented
amplifier on and off. It is also a circuit breaker for the
ODEP circuitry proportionally limits the drive level to
power supplies in the Power-Tech 1 and 2.
protect the output transistors, particularly in the case of
Level: A front panel rotary potentiometer for each elevated temperature. A thermal switch imbedded in the
channel used to control the output level. transformer protects the power supplies from overload.
In the rare event that a transformer overheats, the
Stereo/Mono: A three-position back panel switch used
thermal switch removes power, waits until the unit has
to select Stereo, Bridge-Mono or Parallel-Mono mode.
cooled to a safe temperature and then resets itself.
Sensitivity: A three-position switch inside the back
Turn On: Four-second delay with no dangerous
cover plate used to select the input sensitivity for both
transients. Contact us if you need to change the delay.
channels: 0.775 volts or 1.4 volts for standard 1 kHz
power, or 26 dB voltage gain (see Section 2.3).
Construction
Reset (Power-Tech 3 only): A back panel push button Durable black finish on steel chassis with special “flow-
used to reset the circuit breaker that protects the power through” ventilation from front to side panels.
supplies.
Cooling: Internal heat sinks with forced-air cooling for
Indicators rapid, uniform heat dissipation.
Enable: This red indicator shows the on/off status of the Dimensions: Standard 19-inch (48.3-cm) rack mount
low voltage power supply. width (EIA RS-310-B), 3.5-inch (8.9-cm) height and
16-inch (40.6-cm) depth behind the mounting surface.
Signal/IOC: Each channel has a two color indicator that
flashes green to show signal presence and yellow if the Approximate Weight: Center of gravity is 6 inches (15.2
amplifier causes distortion of 0.05% or more. cm) behind front mounting surface.
5 Accessories
There are two accessories available at the time of this Because the MT-XLR connectors are in parallel with the
printing: the MT-XLR and the MT-BB. Important: The amplifier’s built in phone connectors, an input signal fed
MT-XLR and MT-BB must be installed at a Crown to either input can be fed to another amplifier from the
Factory Service Center or the Crown factory. unused connector for that channel.
6 Service
This unit has very sophisticated circuitry which should Factory Service Shipping Instructions:
only be serviced by a fully trained technician. This is one
1. When sending a Crown product to the factory for
reason why each unit bears the following label:
service, be sure to fill out the service information
CAUTION: To prevent electric shock, do not remove form that follows and enclose it inside your unit’s
covers. No user serviceable parts inside. Refer shipping pack. Do not send the service informa-
servicing to a qualified technician. tion form separately.
NATURE OF PROBLEM
(Be sure to describe the conditions that existed when the problem occurred and what attempts were made to correct it.)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Detach and send with unit.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Other equipment in your system: _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
If warranty has expired, payment will be: ❑ Cash/Check ❑ VISA ❑ MasterCard ❑ C.O.D.