Reversed Carnot Cycle

Refrigeration Systems
Efren G. Dela Cruz
Reversed Carnot Cycle
https://www.cibsejournal.com/cpd/modules/2009-03/
The P-V and TS- Diagram
Reversed Carnot Cycle
Processes
1-2 Reversible Isentropic Compression Process
(S = C)
2-3 Reversible Isothermal Heat Rejection (T = C)
3-4 Reversible Isentropic Expansion Process
(S = C)
4-1 Reversible Isothermal Heat Addition (T = C)
Thermodynamic Analysis of a
Reversed Carnot Cycle
 QA = heat addition
 QR = heat rejection
 WC = work of compression
 WT = work of expansion
 Wnet = net Work
 COP = coefficient of performance
 TH = higher temperature limit (K)
 TL = lower temperature limit (K)
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Reversed
Carnot Cycle

QA = TL (S1 – S4)

QR = TH (S2 – S3)

WNET = QR - QA

WNET = TH (S2 – S3) - TL (S1 – S4)

Thermodynamic Analysis of a
Reversed Carnot Cycle

But (S2 – S3) = (S1 – S4) = ∆S

Then: WNET = (TH - TL) ∆S

COP = QA / WNET

COP = TL ∆S / (TH - - TL) ∆S

COP = TL / (TH - TL)

Problem 1
A refrigeration system
operates on the reversed
Carnot cycle. The minimum
and maximum temperatures
are -25C and 72C,
respectively. If the heat
rejected at the condenser is
6000 KJ/min, determine the
power input required and the
TR developed.
Solution – Problem 1
Given: TL = -25C + 273 = 248 K
TH = 72C + 273 = 345 K
QR = 6000 KJ/min

a) Power Input = WNET = (TH - TL ) ∆S

QR = TH ∆S ; ∆S = QR / TH
WNET = (TH - TL ) ∆S
= (345 – 248) (6000 / 345)
= 1687 KJ/min or 28.12 KW
Solution – Problem 1
QA = TL ∆S = 248 (6000 / 345)
= 4313 KJ/min or 71.88 KW
Note: 3.52 KW = 1 TR
QA = 20.42 TR

Check: W NET = QR - QA
= 6000 – 4313
= 1687 KJ/min
Problem 2
 The power requirement of a
refrigeration system
(operating on the reversed
Carnot cycle) in maintaining a
low – temperature region of
250K is 1.2 kw per TR.
Determine the COP, the
higher temperature, and the
heat rejected.
Solution – Problem 2
Given: TL = 250 K
WNET = 1.2 KW
QA = 1 TR or 3.52 KW

a. COP = QA / WNET
= 3.52 / 1.2
= 2.93
Solution – Problem 2
b. COP = TL / (TH - TL )
2.93 = 250 / (TH - 250)
TH = 335.3 K

c. QR = QA + WNET
= 3.52 + 1.2
= 4.72 KW
Problem 3
 A reversed Carnot cycle is
used for refrigeration and
rejects 1000 Kw of heat at
340K while receiving heat
at 250K. Determine the
COP, the power required,
and the refrigerating effect
Solution – Problem 3
Given: QR = 1000 KW
TH = 340 K
TL = 250 K

a. COP = TL / (TH – TL )
= 250 / (340 – 250)
= 2.78
Solution – Problem 3
b. QA = TL (∆S) ; ∆S = QR / TH
= TL (QR / TH )
= 250 ( 1000 / 340)
= 735.29 KW

c. WNET = QR - QA
= 1000 - 735.29
= 264.71 KW
Problem 4
A reversed Carnot cycle has
a refrigerating COP of 4.
a. What is the ratio of
Tmax/Tmin?
b. If the work input is 100
Kw, what will be the
refrigerating effect?
Solution – Problem 4
Given: COP = 4
WNET = 100 KW

a. COP = TL / (TH - TL )
4 = TL / (TH - TL )
TH / TL = 1.25
b. QA = COP (WNET)
= 4 (100)
= 400 KW or 113.64 TR