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Hydrocarbon Derivatives
Carbon Heteroatom Single Bond
By definition must contain one or more other atom

what we call heteroatom, is an atom other carbon and hydrogen

present in hydrocarbon derivatives

the sharing of electrons is what we call covalent bond and it also exist in
unsaturated bond

there is also a sharing of electrons and the bond that shares here are called
covalent bond

Different hydrocarbons
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
those heteroatoms are found in the halogens

F, Cl, Br, I they are halogens that are considered as heteroatoms

The functional group are the Halogens

R is the carbon hydrogenatom

X is the Functional group

CH3 - F | Ch3 is the carbon hydrogenatom | F is the Functional Group

Alcohols
OH is the functional group

R - X | CH3 - OH

Ethers
O as the function group

R-O-R

CH3 - O - CH3

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 Thiols
It is a group of hydrocarbon atom having sulfur as your heteroatom along with
the presence of hydrogen

SH

R - SH

CH3 - SH

Amines
Nitrogen is the heteroatom

1 nitrogen and 2 Hydrogen atoms

R - NH2

3 electrons

one electron will be shared to carbon to hydrogen and the other 2 will be shared
to hydrogen to follow the octect

Naming halogenated hydrocarbon

IUPAC rule

Halogen atoms r treated as substituent

F - Fluoro

Br - Bromo

Cl - Chloro

I - Iodo

CH3CHCH2CH2CH2

BR

2 - bromopentane

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane

1. the name of the hydrocarbon portion of the molecule which is the alkyl group

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 2. identifies the halogen portion, which is named as though it were an ion even
though no ions are present (all bonds are covalent bonds)

Two Substituent

Isomer
Cis

Trans

if thwres a ring its benzene

O - ortho

M - meta

P - para

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