RSEARCH III

The Research Plan/Project Summary - is a brief detailing of the rationale, research question(s), methodology, and risk
assessment of your research project and should be completed before the start of your experimentation. Any changes
you make to your study should be added to the final document. The research plan for ALL projects should include the
following:

RATIONALE - Include a brief synopsis of the background that supports your research problem and explain why this
research is important scientifically and if applicable, explain any societal impact of your research.
RESEARCH QUESTION(S), - you will write your statement of the problem and its objectives
HYPOTHESIS (ES), - write the null and alterntive hypothesis
ENGINEERING GOAL(S), EXPECTED OUTCOMES. – what is the goal of your study? What is your expected outcome
RESEARCH METHODS - Procedures: Detail all procedures and experimental design including methods for data
collection. Describe only your project. Do not include work done by mentor or others.
Risk and Safety- Identify any potential risks and safety precautions needed.
Data Analysis- Describe the procedures you will use to analyze the data/results that answer research questions or
hypotheses. This includes the table where you will write the data or results of the experiments
Bibliography- List at least five (5) major references (e.g. science journal articles, books, internet sites) from your
literature review. If you plan to use vertebrate animals, one of these references must be an animal care reference.

RESEARCH PLAN (Sample)

TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT DETERMINATION IN SELECTED CITRUS RIND USING CATALAESE ENZYME TEST

RATIONALE:

Harmful free radical are unstable, reactive and dangerous. It causes many different chronic diseases, as well as
aging. Antioxidant can inhibit the rate of oxidation reaction through which oxygen free radicals are produced. Citrus
fruits, together with many other foods, are known to have antioxidant compounds in them. This study will be conducted
to evaluate the level of antioxidant present in citrus species grown locally in the Province of Albay and to formulate a
simple protocol that may be helpful in analyzing the total antioxidant level.

Question to be Address or answer:

1. Determine the anti oxidant level of citrus rind

2. Identify the compound present in citrus rind interms of:
a. Saponin
b. Flavonoids
c. Test for Ascorbic Acid

3. Evaluate the Total antioxidant of citrus rind.

HYPOTHESIS:

Hypothesis:

Null: there is no significant difference in the antioxidant level in pomelo, dalanghita and calamansi

Alternative: there is a significant difference in the antioxidant level in pomelo, dalanghita and calamansi.

ENGINEERING GOALS, EXPECTED OUTCOME

This study aims to evaluate the level of antioxidant components present in the rinds of citrus species.

Expected outcome:

1. identify the antioxidant components present in the citrus rind by qualitative and quantitative comparison
2. compare antioxidant level of the citrus rinds of three fruits: pomelo, dalanghita and calamnsi
3. formulate simple protocol that can detect antioxidant.
Methodology

This study will utilized the analytical method of research where the sampling method employed is non-randomized sampling. Both
qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis were used to gather data that will support the analysis.

Preparation of the citrus fruit rind extract:

- 200 grams of ground or homogenized rind

- 70% ethanol
- Buchner funnel
- Hot plate
- Volumetric flask
- pipette

Phase I: The 200 grams of each sample of in pomelo, dalanghita and calamansi will be weighted and soaked in 300 ml of 70% ethanol in a capped
bottle.

Treatment 1: Pomelo (1:1, 1:2, 1:3)

Tretment 2: Dalanghita (1:1, 1:2, 1:3)

Treatment 3: Calamansi (1:1, 1:2, 1:3)

Phase II: The it will be heated to 780C to prevent enzyme hydrolysis for 2-3 minutes and filtered.

Phase III: the filtrates will be stored at 0-5oC to be used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Phase IV: QUANTITATIVE TEST FOR PRESENCE OF ANTIOXIDANT

a. Saponin
b. Flavonoids
c. Test for Ascorbic Acid

Phase V: Total antioxidant determination

- Enzyme preparation(potato oxidase)

- Quantitative test for Catalase Activity
- Calibration of the Catalase-Enzyme Method of Quantifying Antioxidant in Citrus.

Data analysis

The identification of antioxidant component in the citrus rind sample will be qualitatively describe by froth formation and occurrence of color
reaction

Quantitatively by the amount of ascorbic acid resulting from the calculation in Iodine titration.

The total antioxidant component in the rind will be reported in terms of volume of bubbles formed in a treated catalase test. Data will be
tabulated per kind of citrus and per trial.

The mean antioxidant content and analysis of variance in the citrus will be calculated to evaluate the statistical difference on antioxidant content

TREATMENTS Total Antioxidant Saponins Flavonoids Ascorbic Acid

Treatment 1: Pomelo

Treatment 2: Dalanghita
Treatment 3: Calamansi
RISK AND SAFETY:

- Wearing safety glasses or goggles and laboratory coat at all times in the laboratory.
- breathing mask as and when appropriate.
- Be knowledgeable on the ignition sources in the laboratory and service areas (open flames, heat, electrical
equipment).
- Always store flammable liquids in appropriate cabinets.
- Familiarize with fire extinguishers.
- Wipe down bench tops and other laboratory surfaces after each use.
- All equipment should be inspected before use.
- Familiarize the Laboratory first aid kit and safety procedure.

Bibliography

Lehne, R.A(2004).Pharmacology for Nursing Care.USA:Elsevier Inc.

Gutierrez, K & Queener, S.F(2003).Pharmacology for Nursing Practice.Philippines:Mosby

Thomas,J.A.(2007).Oxidative Stress Including Glutathione, A peptide for Cellular Defense against Oxidative Stress.
Retrieve February 14,2007, from http://www.1stvitality.couk/az/antioxidant.htm

Activity time:
You will now make your research plan don’t worry this is just a draft, try making your research plan dont be afraid in
committing mistakes in making this activity because we will check your work and I will guide you based on what you
have submitted, the important thing is that you will try.
Here is the format: this can be encoded or hand written
FONT STYLE, SIZE – TIMES NEW ROMAN 12,
PARAGRAPH - DOUBLE SPACED,
PAPER SIZE- SHORT BOND PAPER
All sentences must be in FUTURE TENSE
IF hand written it must be written neatly on a pad paper If there if slow or no internet connection in your area kindly
message me.

Format

Name:
Grade and Section:
RESEARCH PLAN
TITLE
RATIONALE:
Statement of the Problem:
Objectives
HYPOTHESIS:
Hypothesis:
Null:
Alternative:
ENGINEERING GOALS, EXPECTED OUTCOME
Expected outcome:
RESEARCH METHODS AND CONCLUSIONS
Procedure:
PHASE I
PHASE II ( NUMBER OF PHASES DEPENDS ON YOUR PROCEDURE)
DATA ANALYSIS
RISK AND SAFETY:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 How to write INTRODUCTION
The Introduction is the first part of a scientific paper where you describe your reasons for writing. This is where you give sufficient
information so that your research can be understood and evaluated by the reader. It is important since it explains your motivation
for conducting the research and prepares the reader for the structure of your paper.
Moves in an Introduction
In writing the introduction, three things are done, called Moves.
Move 1, say what the topic is about.
Move 2, tell why the topic needs to be researched further
Move 3, state the research questions and make the hypothesis about the current research.
Stages of an Introduction
There are several stages in each move. Some (but not all) of the stages are used in writing introductions. The
following table lists some of the commonly occurring stages of introductions (Cargill and O’Connor 2009, 42).
Table 1. Stages of an Introduction
Move Stages
1. State the topic and its background to provide a setting or context for the
research and to know its importance .
1
2. Give a review of the literature related to the topic to lay out a foundation for
known information.
3. Indicate the need for additional research, identifying gaps for the present study
2
to fill in.
4. State the research purpose and/or research objectives or outline its main
3 activity or findings. The research hypothesis may be included in this stage.

5. State a positive value or justification to the research (optional).

Read these example while noting which moves and stages are included in each example.

Antifungal Activity of Three Different Ethanolic Extract against Isolates from Diseased Rice Plant

(Durgeshlal, et al. 2019, 48-49) Note: A literature review is included in the introduction.

Sample sentence extract Move Stage

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the major cereal crops worldwide and it is the 1 1. State the
main food source for more than half of the human population around the general topic.
world …
Nowadays, rice demand is increasing day by day, gradually because of 1 1. Give some
population overgrowth worldwide and it is predicted that by 2050 the general background about
agricultural production should increase by 60% to cover the food the topic.
requirements…
Rice blast is caused by Pycularia grisea which gives major destruction of 2 3. Evaluate the
rice yield up to 100% based on severity under favorable condition… current situation.
The regular use of synthetic fungicides has made resistance to the fungus. 2 3. Identify the gap in
Hence it is necessary to search for new antifungal compounds as an current research.
alternative, safe, ecofriendly, cheap, and easily degradable fungicides from
plants.
Bio fungicides are less toxic and they will not pose any effect on other 3 5. Identify the
organisms present in the environment. Unlike the chemical fungicides, bio Justification of
fungicides give better protection to the crop, soil, and everything present in proposed research.
the environment. Bio fungicides will also reduce the risk of developing
pathogen resistance.
The present study proposed the use of plant extracts namely Datura metel, 3 4. State the research
Ruellia tuberosa, and Jatropha curcus against the rice pathogen... problem/ questions.

This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of the three ethanolic 3 4. State the
extracts of D. metel, R. tuberosa , and J. curcas against isolates from research aims and/or
diseased rice plants and this is the first time that these plants were research objectives.
evaluated for its potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi found in
rice plants.

The Example above is longer because it has a literature review. It includes a research
problem/question.