Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Cabanatuan City

2nd Semester / S.Y. 2022 - 2023 Note :

Semester/ School Year

CE 422 – CE Project 2
Subject Code and Title

Revision No. ___

LAB/ACTIVITY NO. ____1____

_________Individual Project Proposal________

TITLE

_________Dan Steven P. Tolentino________

Name of Student/s

__________BSCE – 4B__________
Year and Section

_________Engr. Roselle Gonzales_______

Instructor/Professor

Due Date : _____NO DUE DATE GIVEN_______

Date Submitted : ____JANUARY 24, 2023_____

TRAFFIC SIMULATION MODEL OF ROAD FLARINGS AT CIRCUMFERENTIAL

ROAD AND MAHARLIKA HIGHWAY INTERSECTION IN CABANATUAN CITY,

NUEVA ECIJA TO DETERMINE CONSTRUCTION POSSIBILITY FOR

ORGANIZING VEHICLE TRAFFIC STREAM AND IMPROVING TRAFFIC FLOW

_____________________

A Research Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of the

Civil Engineering Department

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology - Sumacab Campus

Sumacab Este, Cabanatuan City

___________________

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Subject

CE Project 2 - CE 422

By: Dan Steven P. Tolentino

Name of Student

January 2023
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i

Title Page --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii

Table of Contents ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii

Chapter I: The Problem and its Setting ----------------------------------------------------------- 1

Introduction and Review of Related Literature and Studies -------------------------- 1

Conceptual Framework of the Study ---------------------------------------------------- 10

Statement of the Problem ----------------------------------------------------------------- 11

Significance of the Study ----------------------------------------------------------------- 12

Scopes and Limitation of the Study ----------------------------------------------------- 13

Definition of Terms ------------------------------------------------------------------------13

Chapter II: Methods and Procedure -------------------------------------------------------------- 16

Research Design --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16

Locale of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17

Research Instrument ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

Methodology ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19

References ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

iii
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction and Review of Related Literature and Studies

Origin of Roads and How It Began to Form

One of the busiest places on Earth are the roads, which are used mainly for trading

and transportation, and for many years, roads have greatly provided assistance to

developing communities and the society itself, said Stojanovik (2021). The world is being

connected and shaped through roads since the ancient times. Though the humans walking

the very same path over and over again in order to obtain or acquire water and food, first

roads were spontaneously formed. Civilizations back then has traded and exchanged many

things over far distances such as goods and services, as well as knowledge, ideas, and

technology. From small groups of people, to small villages, towns, and cities, people have

made a network of walking paths which became more formal later on.

Time after time, every generation of humans that walked on these roads have

influenced and contributed to the general improvement and added features of it. Some of

the roads that was constructed more than 2,000 years ago is still usable until today

according to Abrams (2013), that is why people nowadays have still been using the old

fundamental techniques in building as basis of the ones to be built today, even though the

actual process of building has dramatically changed over the years through the use of

different tools from different eras.

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 Just as Unique Paving (2015) stated, road construction is one of the world’s oldest

forms of construction. Way before mankind ever thought about engineering giant vertical

structures capable of touching the clouds, the concerns of the community were a lot more

immediate in nature, asking how can someone get from here to there? To further support

that, Longfellow (2017), added that the oldest constructed roads discovered to date are in

former Mesopotamia, now known as Iraq. Mentioning the stone paved streets seen date

back to about 4000 B.C. in the Mesopotamia cities of Ur and Babylon, where people used

to utilize meticulous brick-making skills, forming identical mud bricks for building. After

drying they would take them to the site of a temple and set them in place with bitumen.

In the modern days, road construction is the process of installing soil stabilizers,

concrete, asphalt, and various building materials on a path to create a surface that can be

used by vehicles to travel on from the point of its origin to another destination, as stated by

Mutegi (2021). Jones (2017) also added that the most common modes of roads construction

are Earth road method, Gravel road, bituminous road, water bound macadam and concrete

cement method. To begin with the process, there are seven (7) phases to prepare for.

Respectively, it starts with planning, and then followed by setting out, earthwork, subbase

and base course, surface course, road marking, and lastly, quality control, as stated by Rua

Seguridad (2021).

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Negative Effects of Having Roads and Intersections and Its Factors

Roads have helped us to grow and prosper, but there is still a downside on this.

Frequency of road accidents is much higher as time pass by, due to number of reasons,

both caused by the road itself and the human factor on traffic.

Due to bad road construction, the road poses danger or hazards to the motorists. In

some instances, a pothole or a slippery road may cause drivers to do sudden maneuvers

and can lead to a very serious road accident. Additional factors that can compromise the

driver’s safety on the road are the inadequate and confusing road signs that are placed on

wrong areas. To avoid having more bad road constructions, the best way is to involve the

possible affected people in the design, construction, and the operation of the road, said

Watkins (2014).

The human factor on traffic heavily causes road accidents as well, because the

World Health Organization (2022) said, that road traffic injuries are the leading cause of

death for children and young adults aged 5 to 29 years, approximately 1.3 million people

die each year as a result of road traffic crashes, and more than half of all road traffic deaths

are among vulnerable road users, the pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. In addition

to that, even though low and middle-income countries have only approximately 60% of the

world’s vehicles, the road fatalities in the world occurs here at 93%.

On the other hand, driver’s negligence also contributes to this negative effect, such

as having lack of knowledge about the road, especially about using a vehicle and its blind

spots. The area or zone on the road outside the driver’s field of vision is what blind spot is.

According to Ford (2021), it is the area that cannot be seen by looking forward through

3
your windscreen, or by using your rear-view and side-view mirrors, and that is hidden by

parts of the vehicle’s structure. So, drivers are strongly advised to know more about their

respective vehicles. Blind spots can be large enough in size to easily block another car,

motorbike, cyclist, or pedestrian from your view.

Another thing is the road intersections, where large number of accidents happen

anywhere in the world. It is defined as the area obtained by the convergence in the same

point of three or more road branches, said Guarnaccia (2010). Road intersections may range

simple, rural right-angle crossroads to complicated, expressway interchanges, that can also

be determined as one with traffics lights and as one without. According to Harding (2022),

due to the traffic that is often flowing in several directions and passing an intersection,

there is always a high risk of collision, or worse, serious accident.

Lastly, Prasolenko et al. (2015) also presented a research about how traffic forms

in the roads of a city, mentioning the information received by the driver when actually

driving on the road. The process from information perception to the action taken by the

driver requires a certain amount of time that leads time delay before moving from being

stationary. If this situation continues between other drivers, it will cause traffic jams

especially at intersections. These traffic jams can also lead to road traffic accidents.

Roads in the Philippines

Since then, the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), the one

responsible for planning, designing, constructing, and maintaining infrastructures such as

road networks, and bridges, has been the infrastructure arm of the Philippines. Belga

4
(2017), said that during 1900s, it is when the transportation in the country turned to be in

need of roads, and the construction of highways in the country seemed to be impossible.

Through the government agencies, the roadways in the Philippines were developed during

the American Period, but its development varied depending on what administration is

present at the time, directly affected by the organization’s structure and changing policies.

Relating to this, Maximo Paterno was appointed as Secretary of Public Works and

Communications. Since then, Public Works, Transportation, and Communications have

been grouped into one department. He is the one who developed and replicated modern

engineering technologies that ensures safety standards in infrastructure buildings.

Present day Philippines has eight (8) road classification, said Philippine Statistics

Authority (2022). It is classified and categorized systematically to be used in the country’s

statistical system. The first three (3) roads from the classification is the national road, which

is divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary. The second three (3) roads is the local road,

which is classified as the provincial, municipal/city, and barangay roads. The seventh

classification of road from the system is the expressway which normally has interchanges

and some facilities. The last and eighth classification is the bypass roads, which avoids

built-up of traffic flow in certain areas and improve road safety where a toll for passage is

levied in an open or closed system.

The Global Road Safety Facility (2022) has made a road safety country profile of

the Philippines which presents information on the current road safety status along with

extensive information on key risk factors, issues and opportunities. It showed seventy-

seven (77%) percentage of road crash fatalities and injuries in the economically productive

age groups 15 to 64 years, 3:1 ratio of male to female fatalities with the 15 to 49 year age

5
group being most vulnerable to fatalities, and six hundred thirty-five (635) life years

affected due to disability from road crash injuries per 100,000 people.

On the other hand, the traffic in this country also has a shortage of traffic lights

making it complicated compared to others, and the road right of way in the Philippines is

also different with different roads. Philmotorlaw (2022) said that the minimum right of way

width of Philippines residential varies, with 20 meters for national roads, 60 meters for

principal streets, and 15 meters for others, which is common for a couple of vehicles to

approach an intersection at seemingly the same time as one another when in fact, it is just

a sudden queue from both sides. Usually, traffic lights should control intersections with

signs presenting when it is best to stop, go, and slow down when entering the intersection,

but unfortunately in the country, some intersections lack these devices.

A research by Villegas et al. (2017), has provided insight about the inside

intersection median-turn lane markings on the mobility and safety performance of

signalized intersections, which can be related to the researcher’s problem of flared

intersection construction on city main roads to organize vehicle traffic stream and improve

traffic flow. The research was conducted for both the Philippines and Japan, and the

findings has shown that median-turn lanes in the Philippines have significantly lower

saturation flow rates compared to those in Japan and serious conflicts are frequently

observed between turning vehicles at double median-turn lanes here in the country.

6
Roads in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija

Cabanatuan is a component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, said PhilAtlas

(2022), having a land area of 282.75 square kilometers or 109.17 square miles which

constitutes 4.97% of Nueva Ecija's total area, with population as determined by the 2020

Census was 327,325, representing 14.17% of the total population of Nueva Ecija province,

or 2.64% of the overall population of the Central Luzon region.

The city is also known as the “Tricycle Capital of the Philippines” which is popular

for being home to more than 30,000 tricycles, said the League of Cities of the Philippines

(2014). Also, the tricycle operation in the city has become the source of livelihood for

around 10,000 families. Its number has tremendously increased despite growing

competition and declining net daily income and the adverse effects it brings to the

environment, according to Balaria et al. (2017).

From the local news from Datu (2022), residents and motorists can now enjoy

smooth and safer travel in a project implemented by Nueva Ecija 2nd District Engineering

Office, a completed an asphalt overlay along Valdefuente-Fortaleza Road in Cabanatuan

City.

The researcher of this research proposal wanted to list potential road intersections

in the city as the locale of the study, and one of its priority choices is the Circumferential

Road at D.S. Garcia. For Cabanatueños, the Circumferential Road, locally known as

“Circum”, it is where the journey of coming in and out of the city starts because, from the

main road or Maharlika Highway, it leads to the Cabanatuan City Central Transport

Terminal. The terminal serves passengers and commuters going to other parts of Nueva

7
Ecija and neighboring provinces of Aurora, Manila, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales, as

stated by Commute Tour (2022). Frequent traffic jams were witnessed there before having

a working signal light or device at the intersection proper. To further support this, Gamit

(2017) said that traffic is one of today’s problem in Cabanatuan City and it has been

emerging since the volume of cars and any other vehicles around the city has risen up.

Flared Intersections

A road flaring is the gradual corner radius that occur at all intersections, said

Manning (2015), that allows traffic to flow smoothly around corners rather than making

sharp 90 degree turns. One can imagine this as a freeway interchange with long flowing

corners and high vehicle speeds, the tight 90 degree bends in carparks are at the opposite

end of the scale. Another definition coming from the Norwalk Transportation Management

Plan (2022), it is the expansion of the cross-section of the street, often done to

accommodate a left-turn lane, so that left-turning bicycles and motor vehicles are removed

from the through-traffic stream to increase capacity at high-volume locations, and safety

on higher speed streets.

In relation to this, a research by Strömgren et al. (2015), has provided insight about

a micro-simulation model that takes into consideration the flared design of rural

intersections, which was performed through the use of recording videos to calculate for the

delay time in queue as well as the service time for the intersection with stop regulation. It

was also mentioned that through this, the capacity at high-volume location will increase.

According to them, the effect of the flare on delay has been studied by utilizing three

8
different lay-outs of intersection as well as different minor and major flow levels, the result

has shown that the delay is decreasing with increasing intersection radius of the flared

intersection.

In a local news from Delos Angeles (2011), the Cebu City Mayor Michael Rama

said to an interview that building flyovers will diminish the value of historical sites in the

city, like the Asilo dela Milagrosa Church on Gorordo Avenue, and “kill” nearby

businesses, that the city do not really need flyovers, but solutions like flared intersections

and road widening. The mayor said his desire for the national government to spend first for

a traffic master plan and alternative cost-efficient solutions like this.

These researches are highly related to the researcher’s problem of flared

intersection traffic simulation for possible construction on city main roads to organize

vehicle traffic stream and improve traffic flow, and can be utilized as guide for this

proposal.

Road Traffic Simulations

To aid with the design of a road construction, many builders assess situations and

branching problems with traffic simulations first before the actual process of

implementation. According to IGI Global (2022), a traffic simulation is a dynamic

representation of a traffic system achieved by building a computer model and moving it

through time. It is a widely used method applied in the research on traffic modelling,

planning and development of traffic networks and systems, Azlan et al. (2018) added. To

provide further information, Saidallah et al. (2016) said that, there are currently several

9
traffic simulation software, such as SUMO, MATSim, MITSIMlab, AIMSUN, CORSIM,

Paramics, SimTraffic, VISSIM, TRANSIMS, etc. Some programs focus on the behavior

of the vehicle in detail, the others are not interested in because they insist much on the

simulation of a wide area.

The researcher wanted to tap into this kind of resource for the study, so it would be

a great option to access a traffic simulation application like AnyLogic Road Traffic

Simulation Software. According to AnyLogic Company (2022), it is a simulation modeling

application that provides a Road Traffic Library, enabling traffic flow simulation with the

power to deliver the most efficient road traffic engineering and design. Clear visualizations

quickly aid development, with density maps highlighting congestion, and animations

demonstrating traffic flow and bottlenecks. The freedom to experiment, and the ability to

optimize accurate models, with traffic simulation software, provides the best platform for

success in road traffic planning and engineering.

Conceptual Framework of the Study

This research proposal will be conducted to determine if road flaring construction

at Circumferential Road and Maharlika Highway Intersection in Cabanatuan City, Nueva

Ecija is possible to efficiently organize vehicle traffic stream and improve traffic flow in

the area. In order to have obtain answers on different problems of the study, the researcher

will take several processes.

10
 Different
Determining the
Literature
Research Problem
Citations to Location Survey
for the Study
Support the Study

Data
Simulation Data Gathering
Application to
Proper from Location
the Software

Data
Interpretation

Figure 1.1: flow of the conceptual framework of the study

Statement of the Problem

This research proposal aims to determine if a construction of road flaring is possible

on the study’s locale. Specifically, this research proposal seeks answers to the following

questions.

Firstly, is the construction of road flaring on the proposal’s local possible if the

simulation yields positive results? Can the model to be made using the proposal’s locale

be handled by the simulation software? What will be the effective road dimensions and

flare radius that can be applied for the construction? Lastly, what establishments will be

affected by the construction on the intersection area?

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Significance of the Study

There are lots of busy situations here in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija because it is

where neighboring provinces go for business and leisure purposes, that is why during the

whole week, roads here are always busy. The growing number of vehicles that roams the

city is also an issue, most especially the tricycle units. The city’s household mostly have

higher number of ratios of tricycle unit per house, that is why there is too much volume of

these tricycles in every streets of the city. Through the help of the road flaring simulation,

the researcher can determine the possibility of its construction on the area.

On the other hand, the following are the benefits and the beneficiaries of the

research proposal once conducted:

1. To the community - area is organized and will have a reduce possibility of traffic

accidents, if constructed based on positive simulation results.

2. To the environment - retention of smoke coming from the vehicles passing by the

intersection is less due to continuous passing at the area, if constructed based on positive

simulation results.

3. To the student - for them to have basis on certain or particular studies in the future.

4. To the consumer - safety and easement of traveling when passing by the intersection

because of smooth traffic flow on the area, if constructed based on positive simulation

results.

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Scopes and Limitation of the Study

This research proposal will be limited only in determining construction possibility

of road flaring at Circumferential Road and Maharlika Highway Intersection through

making a traffic simulation model using a software.

The researcher will use camera or smartphone camera and an accurate timer to

record needed data from the location to be used on the software. All materials and tools

that is essential when recording data will also be used.

This research proposal will not cover the cost estimation of the road flaring

construction.

This research proposal shall be conducted only inside the campus’ premises as well

as at the researcher’s residence. This shall also be conducted with the supervision of the

researcher’s adviser or other related personnel when doing activities outside the said

premises.

Definition of Terms

Bypass Road. A road passing around a town or its center to provide an alternative

route for through traffic as stated by Florida Department of Transportation (2014).

Commuter. A person who travels to work over an appreciable distance, usually

from the suburbs to the center of a city, from Collins English Dictionary (2022).

Danger. a situation in which harm, death, damage, or destruction is possible, from

Macmillan Education Limited (2022).

13
 Delay Time. It is the time lost to travel because of traffic frictions and traffic

control devices, as stated by Macababbad (2011).

Highway. It can be a principal arterial which includes interstate, other freeways

and expressways or a minor arterial which is a main street but not as busy as a principal

arterial, as stated by Dietz (2016).

National Road. Are those connecting major cities, from Angloinfo (2022).

Pedestrian. It is a person on foot, who uses a method of transport such as roller

skates or skateboard, or with a disability that is using a wheelchair, tricycle, or quadricycle,

from Drivers Education USA (2022).

Road Flaring. It is the gradual corner radius that occur at all intersections that

allows traffic to flow smoothly around corners rather than making sharp 90 degree turns,

said Manning (2015).

Road Hazard. It can include animals, rough roads, gravel, bumpy edges, uneven

expansion joints, slick surfaces, standing water, debris, snow, ice, or objects that have

fallen from a construction site or another vehicle, from Justia (2021).

Road Intersection. It may range simple, rural right-angle crossroads to

complicated, expressway interchanges, that can also be determined as one with traffics

lights and as one without, said Guarnaccia (2010).

Road Signs. Provide instant communication with roadway users, overcome

language barriers, and are becoming standard for traffic control devices throughout the

world, said Sylvester (2020).

14
 Traffic Jam. It usually relates to an excess of vehicles on a portion of roadway at

a particular time resulting in speeds that are slower—sometimes much slower—than

normal or "free flow" speeds, from United States Department of Transportation - Federal

Highway Administration (2020).

Traffic Lights. It controls vehicle and pedestrian traffic by assigning priorities to

various traffic movements to influence traffic flow, from Wyoming Department of

Transportation (2012).

Traffic Queue. A vehicle is considered as queued when it approaches within one

car length of a stopped vehicle and is itself about to stop. All vehicles that join a queue are

then included in the vehicle-in-queue counts until the rear axle of the vehicle crosses the

stop line, from United States Department of Transportation - Federal Highway

Administration (2021).

Traffic Simulation. It is a dynamic representation of a traffic system achieved by

building a computer model and moving it through time, from IGI Global (2022).

Tricycle. It is the second most popular means of transportation here in the

Philippines and sometimes called as “trike”. It is a three-wheeled public utility vehicle

consisting of a motorcycle and an attached passenger’s side car. The motorcycle is on the

left side and a side car on the right side. These trikes can be found everywhere in the

country except on major or main roads, from The Daily Roar (2014).

Vehicle Volume. It is the total number of vehicles that pass over a given point or

section of a lane or roadway during a given time interval; volumes can be expressed in

terms of annual, daily, hourly, or sub hourly periods, from Mustansiriya University (2018).

15
 CHAPTER II

METHODS AND PROCEDURE

Research Design

This research proposal will employ both quantitative and qualitative type of

research design to cater the researcher’s goals.

According to Australian Bureau of Statistics (2022), quantitative and qualitative

data provide different outcomes, and are often used together to get a full picture of a

population. That is why data collected about a numeric variable will always be quantitative

and data collected about a categorical variable will always be qualitative. Therefore, one

can identify the type of data, prior to collection, based on whether the variable is numeric

or categorical.

In qualitative research design, where collecting and analyzing data such as text,

video, or audio is involved, according to Bhandari (2020), there will be parts of it that needs

the compliment of the quantitative research design which is more of a process of collecting

and analyzing numerical data. Another statement from George (2021), asserts that mixed

methods research combines elements of quantitative research and qualitative research in

order to answer the research question. Mixed methods can help the researcher gain a more

complete picture than a standalone quantitative or qualitative study, as it integrates benefits

of both methods.

16
 This kind of research design will be used because the main purpose of this research

proposal is to collect data from the research locale and be recorded and utilized for the

simulation proper in order to obtain results that will enlighten the researcher to what answer

it seeks from the stated questions.

Locale of the Study

The researcher will conduct this proposal in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, where

the researcher resides. The intersection to be used will be the one located along Maharlika

Highway and the Circumferential Road due to the high volume of traffic caused by a

number of service shops, commercial food chain spots, a hotel, and a nearby mall, flocked

by both locals and tourists. Simply put, this area of intersection that will be used is usually

busy. Another reason for this selection is that, the Circumferential Road is the main route

going to the Cabanatuan City Central Transport Terminal for provincial buses coming in

and out of the city as well as the province.

Compared to other busy intersections found in the city, Maharlika Highway -

Circumferential Road Intersection is in need of priority of having this traffic simulation for

improvement purposes, which generally involves the researcher’s goal of organizing

vehicle traffic stream and improving traffic flow.

When the simulation is to be prepared and ran, the roads to be considered will be

the ones making the intersection, the Circumferential Road continuing to M. De Leon

Avenue, and the intersecting road Maharlika Highway.

17
 As what was mentioned back in the scopes and limitations of this research proposal,

this shall be conducted only inside the campus’ premises as well as at the researcher’s

residence. This shall also be conducted with the supervision of the researcher’s adviser or

other related personnel when doing activities outside the said premises and on site.

Research Instrument

This research proposal will use AnyLogic 8.8.0, a road traffic simulation software.

According to AnyLogic Company (2022), it is a simulation modeling application that

provides a Road Traffic Library, enabling traffic flow simulation with the power to deliver

the most efficient road traffic engineering and design. Clear visualizations quickly aid

development, with density maps highlighting congestion, and animations demonstrating

traffic flow and bottlenecks. The freedom to experiment, and the ability to optimize

accurate models, with traffic simulation software, provides the best platform for success in

road traffic planning and engineering.

Using this, the researcher will be able to make a replica of the situations that will

be found on the site. All the conditions will be recorded from the site and will be placed on

the program for trials and analysis, as well as other useful information.

18
Methodology

This section will explain and describe how the researcher will start and conduct this

research proposal to obtain the needed results.

Data Gathering

The researcher will start the process of gathering data from the site once all is set

and prepared. Inclusions of the preparation is the time schedule of the researcher and the

research adviser for their presence on the site. The safety of the individuals shall be minded

as well.

The data that will be gathered will be both in forms of quantitative and qualitative

for numerical and categorical information respectively. The data that the researcher will

collect will most likely be a primary one due to the conditions of the research locale. The

researcher will also make use of secondary data for comparison and confirmation of the

legitimacy and accuracy of the primary data.

Daily and Hourly Peak of Congestion.

To start the gathering of data, the researcher will observe and record the peak

congestion situation on the location to know what, where, and how the vehicles passes by

and reacts to such situation being with the presence of a traffic control supervisor or with

the use of signal or traffic light system only. This involves the hourly and daily peak

congestion within a week of observation.

19
 Taking Site Measurements.

The researcher will measure the dimensions of the roads comprising the said

intersection, such as the width of the road itself, the width of the road’s median line, the

number of the lanes from the northbound and the southbound, the radius of curvature of

the four corners of the intersection, the distance of the stop lines from the intersection, the

width of the pedestrian lanes if present, and other important information that will help the

researcher once the simulation begins on the software.

Vehicle Frequency.

The researcher will also take a record of the passing frequency of the vehicle from

all directions of the intersection. To do this, the researcher will make use of camera or

smartphone camera and an accurate timer to record the needed data from the location to be

used on the software. All materials and tools that is essential when recording data will also

be used. The researcher will record the time intervals and quantity of the vehicles for a

certain timeframe as well.

Vehicle Decision Possibility.

Most of the drivers and motorists here in the Philippines are not using their light

signals especially when making a right or left turn. Occasionally, these drivers are also

abruptly changing directions on the spot while using the wrong light signal. The researcher

20
may use of this situation to know about how drivers decide where to turn without regards

to its destination in mind or planned. The researcher may record the possibility of this

situation happening to add information or data to be use on the software.

Signal or Traffic Light System.

One of the fundamental parts of the said intersection is the newly installed signal

or traffic light system that guides the vehicles passing by the location. The researcher will

also record the time intervals of the traffic light system when functioning, taking into

consideration the time intervals of the red, yellow, and green light. The researcher will also

observe if these time intervals is changing from time to time.

Simulation Proper

The researcher will start the traffic simulation using AnyLogic 8.8.0 Road Traffic

Simulation Software Personal Learning Edition. The researcher will create a new model

for the simulation, leaving the model time units in seconds, as it is.

Using the Palette, the researcher will make use of the available Libraries to use for

building the replica of the road intersection to be used. The Road Traffic Library is the one

that will always be used on the process. The researcher will create the logic of the traffic

with the same manner as the conditions that the Maharlika Highway - Circumferential Road

Intersection has.

21
 The researcher will enter all the recorded data from the site to also emulate the

conditions when running the simulations and this is where the observation will take place.

The researcher will take note of the exceptions given by the program and bring adjustments

to the traffic logic when needed. From here, the researcher will adjust for a suitable and

efficient radius of curvature of the flaring at the corners of the intersection to achieve the

most organized and improved traffic flow.

Data Organizing

All the data that will be collected from the traffic simulation will be reflected on

tables that will be shown on Chapter 3: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data.

22
 REFERENCES

Abrams, S. (2013, May 16). The Unseen History of Our Roads.

https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/a4447/the-road-ahead-road-evolution/

Angloinfo. (2022). Types of Roads. Speed Limits, Types of Road and Penalties.

https://www.angloinfo.com/how-to/philippines/transport/driving/on-the-road

AnyLogic Company. (2022). Road Traffic Simulation Software.

https://www.anylogic.com/road-traffic/

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2022). Why are quantitative and qualitative data

important?. Statistical Language - Quantitative and Qualitative Data.

https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/Home/Statistical+Language+-

+quantitative+and+qualitative+data

Azlan, N.N. et al. (2018). Overview Of Application Of Traffic Simulation Model.

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