B.S.

Criminology
FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY
BASICS OF FIRST AID
2 Hours

GAIN ATTENTION

First aid is the immediate care a sick or injured person gets. In some cases, it may
be the only care a person needs. In others, first aid is a way to prevent a person's
condition from worsening and keep them alive until paramedics arrive or they are
taken to the hospital.

The best way to prepare for these events is to get official first aid training. In the
meantime, there are some basic life-saving steps that you can learn.

LEARNERS’ OBJECTIVES
.
By the end of this course, you should be able to:

Cognitive Objectives:
• Familiarize with the important terms for first aid.
• Identify the necessities inside a first aid kit.

Affective Objectives:
• Understand the hierarchy of priorities during emergencies.
• Explain the usual hindrances when responding to an emergency.
B.S. Criminology
FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY
BASICS OF FIRST AID

Psychomotor Objectives:
• Recognize the step-by-step procedure during emergencies.

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILO)

In order to achieve the outcomes of this course, learners will go through this
learning plan:
1. Explain the importance and purpose of first aid;
2. Recognize the utility of first aid during emergency; and
3. Identify key factors and common materials used in different emergencies.

INTRODUCTION

I. Important Terminologies
 Emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health life,
property or environment.
 Injury is a general term that refers to any damage to the human body.
 Self-aid is any care given to oneself.
 First Aider refer to a person who gives first aid.
 Hemorrhage is an escape of large quantities of blood from the blood
vessels that may cause shock.
 Shock is a state of condition when there is not enough or adequate
blood supplies to the vital organs.
 Dressing is a sterile pad or a compressed sponge that is applies
directly to cover the wound.
 Bandage is a piece of material that is used to support a dressing, splint,
or an injured part of a person’s body.
 Fracture refers to a break in the continuity of a bone.
 Venom is a venom secreted by some animals and injected into the
body of victims through bites.
B.S. Criminology
FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY
BASICS OF FIRST AID

 Heat Injuries are environmental injuries that may result when a person
is exposed to extreme heat, such as from the sun or from high
temperature.
 Heat Cramps are muscles spasms caused by low levels of salt and
water in the body.
 Heat Exhaustion is caused by loss of water through sweating as
caused by inadequate fluid replacement; it may cause heat stroke.
 Heat Stroke is a medical emergency and can be fatal if not treated
promptly and correctly. It occurs when a person experiences an
abnormally elevated body temperature caused by failure of the body’s
cooling mechanism when the environmental temperature is too high or
there is dehydration.
 Cold Injuries are most likely to occur when an unprepared individual is
exposed to very low temperature and the blood circulation to the
extremities become inadequate. This is also known as frostbite.
 Burn is a type of injury to flesh or skin caused by heat, electricity,
chemicals, friction, or radiation.

II. General Directions for First Aid

Don’t panic. The first aider must remain calm so that he or she has a
clear mind during the emergency situation.

Ensure the safety of the area. In an emergency situation, the first

aider must first make sure that the area is safe for him/her and the
victim. He/she should transport the victim to a safer place if necessary.

Check for vital functioning. The first aider should assess and monitor
pulse and breathing of the victim.
B.S. Criminology
FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY
BASICS OF FIRST AID

Check for injuries. The first aider must conduct careful examination of
the victim to prevent further injury. In cases of multiple injuries, the first
aider should know which problem to treat first.

Give the needed first aid urgently. The aider must be capable of
applying necessary and appropriate steps to attain the objectives of first
aiding.

Keep the victim lying down. The victim should be examined in a lying
position order to immobilize the body.

Keep the victim warm. This would help the victim recover faster by
increasing the circulation of blood throughout the body. The victim may
be provided with a jacket, a blanket or a body heat transfer by
embracing the victim.

Do not give to fluids to an unconscious or partly conscious

person. This must be noted by every person not only the first aider and
rescuers. The water may enter the windpipe and block the airway
passage. Do not attempt to arouse an unconscious person by shaking
him because it might cause further injury.

Following injury, do not lift a gasping person by the belt. This may
aggravate injuries of the back or internal organs.

Reassure the victim. The first aider should explain to the victim the
first aid should to be done and how it will help him/her reduce the
feelings of anxiety.
B.S. Criminology
FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY
BASICS OF FIRST AID

Be reluctant to make statements. The first aider should be reluctant

to give statements to the victim and bystanders about the injuries. It is
not included within the first aider’s tasks to diagnose, evaluate and
predict illnesses and injuries, but only to provide needed immediate
care.

III. Hindrances in giving First Aid

 Unfavorable surroundings
 Presence of crowds
 Pressure from victim or relatives

IV. Basic Equipment for First Aid

 Spine Board
 Short Board / Kendricks’s Extrication Device
 Sets of splints
 Poles
 Blankets
 Suggested Contents of First Aid Kit
 Rubbing Alcohol
 Povidone Iodine
 Cotton
 Gauge Pads
 Tongue Depressor
 Penlight
 Band Aid
 Gloves
 Scissors
B.S. Criminology
FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY
BASICS OF FIRST AID

 Triangular Bandage
 Elastic Roller Bandage
 Dressing
 Plaster