Research Proposal on the Effect of Motivation on a Teacher’s

Performance in the Case of Private Schools in Bahirdar city

A Research Proposal submitted to the Business Administration
department in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Award of a B.A Degree from ALPHA university college

By
AMANUEL TESFAYE

August, 2022
Ethiopia
Table of Contents
Chapter One....................................................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Statement of problem.........................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Research Objectives...........................................................................................................................................4
1.2.1 General objective...........................................................................................................................................4
1.2.2 Specific objectives.........................................................................................................................................4
1.3 Research Question.............................................................................................................................................4
1.4 Significance of the study...................................................................................................................................5
1.5 Scope of the study..............................................................................................................................................5
1.6 Limitation of the study.......................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................6
3.2 Research Design............................................................................................................................................6
3.3 Target Population..........................................................................................................................................6
3.3.1 Sampling Technique.................................................................................................................................6
3.3.2 Sampling Size...........................................................................................................................................6
3.3.3 Data Collection Instrument and Procedure...............................................................................................7
3.3.4 Data Collection Procedure........................................................................................................................8
3.3.5 Data Analysis and Presentation................................................................................................................8
3.4 Ethical Considerations...................................................................................................................................9
References.....................................................................................................................................................................10
Appendix 1: Questionnaire...........................................................................................................................................11
Appendix 2: Work Plan................................................................................................................................................14
Appendix 2: Research Budget...........................................................................................................................................
 Chapter One

1.0 Introduction

One of the most crucial aspects that energize society's progress is education. It is the foundation
for a country's socioeconomic, cultural, and political development. It allows people to gain
information, skills, abilities, and attitudes while also allowing them to fully participate in a
country's development process. (UNESCO,2020)

A teacher is one of the most important elements in providing high-quality education. Teachers
are the nation's builders since the success of every country is dependent on its educational system
and the quality of its graduates. The importance of a teacher in a country's development and
success cannot be overstated. Teaching is a profession that receives little attention, although
instructors play a critical role in their students' intellectual, personal, and social growth,
impacting the development of the entire nation. Teachers can have a greater impact than others
and provide the nation with a glorious position and a dignified standing (Imrab S. et al., 2013).

Teaching is about enthusiasm, love of education and learning, inspiration, concern, consideration
of others, commitment to trusting pupils, conviction in the power of information, and a never-
ending effort to make a difference in others' lives (Troudi, 2011).

According to Kayuni & Tambulasi (2007), teachers' lack of passion and commitment can have a
negative impact on students' learning and, more crucially, it jeopardizes children's futures. As a
result, a teacher's ability to contribute to human capital development and technological growth is
heavily reliant on their motivation and willingness to take risks. Teachers' skill and commitment
should be the most important predictors of learning outcomes in general.

Because teachers play such an important role in the private school education system, it is critical
to meet their requirements and improve some aspects of the teaching profession (Gibbs, 2000).
As a result, the purpose of this study is to evaluate a teacher's motivation and how it affects their
performance in Tana sub city primary and secondary schools
1.1 Statement of problem

Motivation has the role to develop and build up the wish of every member of the organization to
work effectively and efficiently. Motivation is defined as a driving force that compels an
individual to take some actions in order to achieve certain goals. All organizations need
motivated workforce in order to accomplish their goals (Bwisa, 2012).
However, the teacher’s motivation in most of developing countries, including Ethiopia, is very
low which causes low quality education, slow growth of their economy and poverty.
Mohammed Al Doghan1, Sukaina Albar2 .2015, examined the Influence of Motivation Factors
on Employees Performance in Private Schools in Saudi Arabia. they was investigated a high
level of importance of motivation factors and a significant positive relationship between the
leadership style and salaries, organizational environment factors and employees’ performance
and also a negative and an insignificant relationship between the stable future factor and
employees’ Performance in private schools in Saudi Arabia.
Studies on the effect of motivation on teachers performance revealed that the correlation
between motivation, mostly intrinsic motivation and the performance of teachers in public and
private secondary schools was also existed in secondary schools ( LAURENT KELVIN, (2016).
On the other hand ( Naim (EL) Rouadi,M,et al on November 2020) studies revealed that
teachers of the sample lack motivation and that it is correlated with their performance. In
addition, the simple linear regression analysis revealed the teachers’ motivation accounts about
97.3% of the variation of their performance, and that their motivation significantly predicts their
performance
Liu and Meyer,(2018 )demonstrated that primary school teachers had a positive perception on
their job despite low salaries but however the teachers who possessed greater motivational drive
in their jobs could be more dedicated to the success of their students but if it were the case,
private school teachers would have worked harder to help their students achieve academic goals.
There were however frequent severe disciplinary actions, poor preparation of teaching materials,
absenteeism as well as various forms of unrest which affect the accomplishment of the set
mission. For that matter, the researcher tends to investigate the role of motivation in enhancing
performance of income generating private primary and secondary school teachers in Tana sub
city Bahirdar,
Research Objectives

1.1.1 General objective

The general objective of the research is to examine the role of motivation in enhancing the
performance of teachers in Bahir Dar twon .

1.1.2 Specific objectives

Specifically, the research will seeks

- To assess the relationship between motivation and teachers’ job performance in

private schools.
- To determine the factors affecting the motivational level of private school teachers in Bahir
Dar

- To determine if the teachers are motivated by more than one variable, then which variables
are more important and effective as compared to other variables

1.2 Research Question

The study will be based on the following research questions:

- What is the relationship between private school teacher motivation and performance?
- What are the factors that motivate teachers to stay with the institute for a longer period of
time?
- Which factors have more influence on teacher's motivation than others?
1.3 Significance of the study

To the education industry as a whole, the findings and results of the study will provide a more
reliable in-depth understanding of the factors that affect employee satisfaction and to help shape
the future policy formulation of the industry, thus facilitating immensely the achievements of the
objectives of the Amhara regional education office in enhancing the reliability and efficiency
teachers service in the private schools.
To researchers, the result of the study will serve as literature to throw more light on the factors
that may affect employee satisfaction. The outcome will further serve as secondary data for
future research on the topic.

1.4 Scope of the study

It would have been appropriate if the study could cover in six private primary and secondary
schools in Bahir Dar City tana sub city, but due to time and financial constraints, the researcher
chose to concentrate the study on the private school teachers only.

Chapter Three

Methodology

3.1 Introduction
The chapter focuses on the following sub-sections: Research Design, variables, Target
Population, Sampling Technique, Data Collection Procedure, Research Procedure and Data
Collection and presentation.

3.2 Research Design

Descriptive research design will be employed to determine the relationship between the
dependent and the independent variables and to establish any association between these
variables. According to Mugenda(2003), descriptive survey design helps a researcher to gather,
summarize, present and interpret information for the purpose of clarification. Statistical
instrument to be used for the research analysis will mainly be inferential statistics, specifically
correlation matrix and multiple regression analysis. The researcher will employ the survey
strategy for the study. This strategy is proposed because it allows the collection of a large
amount of data from a sizable population in an economical manner. Saunders et al. (2009),
recommend this strategy because the method allows researchers to collect quantitative data
which can be analyzed quantitatively using inferential statistics. The method is also perceived as
authoritative by people in general and is both comparatively easy to explain and to understand.

3.3 Target Population

The target populations of this research include private primary and secondary school teachers in
Bahir Dar town Tana sub city namely 31 SOS primary and secondary school teachers,100
primary and secondary school teachers of Bahir dar Academy, 9 teachers in Bata Lemariam
primary school,12 Rispense primary school teachers, 80 Ayelech Degefu primary and secondary
school teachers, and 60 Beza bizuhan primary school teachers a total of 292 teachers are the
populations of this assessment.

3.3.1 Sampling Technique

Random sampling will be used since the population consists of 6 primary and secondary private
schools in Bahir Dar town Tana sub city (Sarantokos, 1998). Then simple random sampling
will be employed to ensure that all teachers stand equal chance of being selected to avoid
sample bias and ensure that the results are reliable enough to be generalized.

3.3.2. Sampling Size

Yamane (1967) provides a simplified formula to calculate sample sizes. This formula was
used to calculate the sample sizes at A 95% confidence level and P =0.5 are assumed.
N
n= 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−eq(1)
1+ N ( ℮)

Where n = sample size, N = Population size, and e = is the level of precision.

Hence The total population of this study is 292 from this population using the formula n=
292/1+292(0.05x0.05= 292/1=292(.0025) =168.78. Therefore, the sample size of this study
will be 169. Participant samples in each schools will be determined using ratio formula.
 3.3.3. Data Collection Instrument and Procedure

Sources and Types of Data: Data for the proposed this study will be obtained from both
primary and secondary sources. Primary data will be generated from five private school at Bahir-
Dar and secondary data will be consider from the annual reports of the schools and related
documents will be reviewed as per needed.

i. Data Collection Instrument

Data collection would be done through both primary and secondary resources. In secondary
data, information relates to a past period. It will be important to use secondary data in this study
as it helps to plan the collection of primary data. Secondary data saves time in enhancing
primary data, provides a larger database (usually) than what would be possible to collect on
one’s own, however there are disadvantages to the fact that the researcher cannot personally
check the data so its reliability may be questioned. Secondary data can also be gathered from a
number of primary sources and weighed together to put together an overall assessment of what
has happened.

On the other hand primary data is a direct report from someone who is actively involved in
whatever under research or investigation. The merit of primary data is that it is direct
information, uncontaminated by being transmitted through another source. The demerits of
primary data are that sometimes the person who is on the field sees only part of the action. The
primary data will be collected through a survey by a semi-structured questionnaire and
secondary data through document review mainly organizational reports and company
magazines. Questionnaire has been developed based on the objectives of the study. The
questionnaires will be administered by the researcher.

The questions have been designed to consist of seven sections. Section A consists of bio-data to
obtain personal information from respondents. The other six sections deal with questions to
help test the research hypothesis. Some of the questions require respondents to indicate their
level of agreement to the items in the research model. Items in the questionnaire will be
measured using a five-point Likert Scale.
 3.3.4. Data Collection Procedure

The questionnaires will be distributed among the employees through their departments. The
survey period for data collection would span over a period of three weeks. The advantage of
selecting this method is that, it will ensure confidentiality and keep track on those who may not
return the questionnaire on time and need to be reminded.

After collecting data from the representative sample through the questionnaire, data will be
edited the same day to check for completeness, consistency and reliability of data. The next step
will involve coding the responses in the coding sheets by transcribing the data from
questionnaire by assigning characters symbols (numerical symbols). This will be followed by
screening and cleaning of data to make sure there no errors. After this data will be transferred to
SPSS or/and Stata for analysis.

3.3.5. Data Analysis and Presentation

According to Sarantokos (1998), the analysis of data allows the researcher to organize data
collected during the study in order to assess and evaluate the findings and to arrive at some valid,
reasonable and relevant conclusion. The study will employ descriptive statistics method for
presenting and summarizing data. Statistical instrument to be used for the research analysis will
mainly be inferential statistics, specifically correlation matrix and multiple regression analysis.
This will involve organizing the data into categories, coding and sorting them to identify patterns
and interpret the meaning of the responses.

3.4. Ethical Considerations

In this research study, issues relating to the ethical conduct of research such as informed consent,
confidentiality, privacy and anonymity will be upheld. According to Saunders et al. (2009),
ethics is the norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about our behavior and our
relationships with others. Participants and respondents will be given full information on the
purpose and objectives of the study in order for them to make informed decisions as to whether
to partake or not. Moreover, all information concerning the identity and personality of
respondents will be treated with utmost confidentiality. Additionally, all information gathered
will be used for the sole purpose of this research study.
References

Cook, M. (1991).A 10-Minute Guide to Motivating People, Alpha Book Publishers. New York,
USA.

Gedefaw, K. (2012). Job Satisfaction of Secondary School Teachers In Ethiopia. Unpublished

PhD dissertation, University of South Africa

Gibbs, G. (2000). Can academics benefit from training? Some preliminary evidence. Teaching in
Higher Education, 5(3), 385-389.

Gullatt, D. E & Bennett, R.M (1995). Motivational strategies useful in enhancing teacher
performance, NASSP Practitioner, 22(2):1-6.

Gullatt, D.E & Bennett, R.M (2005), Motivational strategies useful in enhancing teacher
performance. NASSP Practitioner, 22(2):1-6

Hofmeyr, AC (2002), The motivation of staff in an educational institution. MEd Dissertation.

Pretoria:University of South Africa.

Hoy, WK & Miskel, CG (2003), Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice. 5th
edition. New York: McGraw - Hill.

Imrab, S., Mushtaq, A. Sajid, Qudsia B. (2013). Factors Affecting the Motivation of Academic
Staff (A case study of University College Kotli,UAJ&K).International Journal of Business and
Management Invention ISSN: 2319 – 8028, ISSN

Kayuni, H., & Tambulasi, R. (2007). Teacher Turnover in Malawi's Ministry of Education:
Realities and Challenges. International Education Journal, 8(1), 89-99.
Mugenda A.G and Mugenda O.M (1999). Research methods: Quantitative and Qualitative
Approaches. Act Press.

Sarantakos, S. (1998). Tests of significance. In Social Research (pp. 401-439). Palgrave,

London. Abebe, W., & Woldehanna, T. (2013). Teacher training and development in Ethiopia:
Improving education quality by developing teacher skills, attitudes and work conditions. Young
Lives.

Steyn, GM (2002), A theoretical analysis of educator motivation and morale. Educare,

31(1&2):82-101.

Troudi, S. (2011). The quest for equilibrium: Teaching English, global forces and cultural and
linguistic identities. Plenary paper delivered at the 17th Annual International TESOL Arabia
Conference, Dubai, UAE,

Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO), (2010). How much is a Good Teacher Worth? A Report on
the Motivation and Morale of Teachers in Ethiopia. VSO sharing skills and changing lives,
Aluing teachers

Yamane, T, (1967). Statistics, an Introductory Analysis, 2nd Ed., New York: Harper and Row
Appendix 1: Questionnaire

The questions have been divided into sections based on the objectives of the study. Section A
asks questions on general information about the teachers. Section B – Section F asks questions
on the research objectives.

Section A: – Personal Information

Please tick the appropriate box that corresponds to your answer.

1. What is your gender

0. Male [ ]
1. Female [ ]
2. How old are you?
0. Below 30 years [ ]
1. 30-39 years [ ]
2. 40-49 years [ ]
3. 50-59 years [ ]
4. Above 60 years [ ]
3. What -is your marital status?
0. Married [ ]
1. Single [ ]
2. Separated [ ]
3. Divorced [ ]

4. How long have you worked with your current organization?

0. Below 5 years [ ]
 1. 6-10 years [ ]
2. 11-15 years [ ]
3. 16-20 years [ ]
4. Above 20 years [ ]

5. What is your level of education?

0. Diploma [ ]
1. Degree [ ]
2. Masters [ ]
3. Others (please specify) ………………………………………
6. What is the range of your salary?
0. Below Birr 5000 [ ]
1. Birr 5001-7500 [ ]
2. Birr 7501-10000 [ ]
3. Birr 10001-12500 [ ]
4. Above Birr 12501 [ ]
7. Section B: The role of motivation in enhancing performance:
7.1 Have you ever heard about Motivation?
1. Yes [ ] 2. No [ ]
8. For the following questions please respond by marking ‘X” or √”) against the response
you think most appropriate.1 = Very dissatisfied, 2 = Dissatisfied, 3 = Undecided, 4 =
Very satisfied, and 5 = Satisfied
No Items Rating Scale
. 1 2 3 4 5
1 Talented teachers may leave the education system because
excellence is not fairly rewarded
2 The existing salary scales are thus at best only loosely
related to the expertise and skills needed in the classroom

Section C: Items Related to teaching profession

For the following questions please respond by marking ‘X” or √”) against the response you
think most appropriate.1= strongly Disagree 2= Disagree 3= undecided 4=Agree 5= strongly
Agree)
 No Items Rating Scale
. 1 2 3 4 5
1 I have interested in the teaching profession as a career
2 I have joined the teaching profession because they couldn’t
get other alternative occupation.
3 It is a kind of job I could easily get.
4 I joined the profession to use teaching as stepping stone.
5 I joined teaching profession to ease their economic
problems.
6 I couldn’t get good result in national examination to join
other areas of study.
7 I liked the respectfulness of the teaching profession at that
time.
8 Teaching has comparatively been advantageous than any
other occupation by the time they were employed.
9 I assigned in the teaching stream based on their university or
college result.
10 I believe that teaching has more freedom than other jobs

Section D: Items related to inadequate salary and other benefits.

For the following questions please respond by marking ‘X" or √") against the response you
think most appropriate. (1= strongly Disagreement, 2 = Disagreement, 3 = undecided 4 = Agree
and 5 = strongly agree)
No Items Rating Scale
. 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel dissatisfied with their present salary
2 The income is not sufficient to support myself and the
family.
3 Lack of incentives and fringe benefits like house allowance and
health care has led them to a feeling of dissatisfaction.
4 Better pay is offered to non-teaching occupations which
require the same qualification and service year.
5 I feel their present job cannot help them to achieve the
economic goal they have set for themselves.
6 I feel lack of bonus for secondary school teachers contribute
to teachers’ weak performance.
7 I feel that not paid a fair salary for the work they do.
8 I think lack of rewards for outstanding performance may
Cause teaching staff weak performance.
Section E: Items Related to Characteristics of the Work Environment
For the following questions please respond by marking ‘X” or √”) against the response you
think most appropriate. (1 = strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = undecided, 4 = Agree and 5=
strongly Agree)

No. Items Rating Scale

1 2 3 4 5
1 I think less respect from students affect the teaching
performance.
2 I think a low social status of teaching profession in
secondary schools affect my work motivation.
3 I think lack of work autonomy in secondary schools
affect my working motivation.
4 I think heavy workload is one of the major factors affecting
my teaching attitude/ performance.
5 I think performance evaluation on the bases of political
attitude affects my job performance in secondary schools.
6 I think lack of recognition from concerned bodies may
affect my interest in teaching.

Section F: Items Related to Students’ Disciplinary Problems.

For the following statements please respond by marking ‘X” or √”) against the response you
think most appropriate. (1 = strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = undecided, 4 = Agree, and 5 =
strongly Agree)
No. Items Rating Scale
1 2 3 4 5
1 I think verbal attack and physical violence of some students
on my profession force them to leave secondary schools.
2 I feel disrespect and misbehaving of some secondary
school students is one of the major causes for lack of
motivation
3 I think more freedom is given to students than teachers
in school
4 I think a seriously deficient student’s academic performance
is a source of the disappointment in their job.
5 I think student’s negligence in doing assignments, home
works and other activities affects their interest of teaching.
Section G: Items Related to Administrative Problems
For the following questions please respond by marking ‘X” or √”) against the response you
think most appropriate. (1 = strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = undecided, 4 = Agree, and 5 =
strongly Agree)
No. Items Rating Scale
1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel teachers do not have freedom to make their own
decision regarding teaching learning process.
2 I think school principals evaluate performance of teachers on
the basis of political activities and ideologies.
3 I think school management and supervisors in the
course of supervision always give criticism of teacher’s
work and they are sometimes fault finder.