JINNAH- GANDHI RELATIONS

AASHIR HUSSAIN
8-B

OVERVIEW
Most scholars of history have painted Quaid-I-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and
Mahatma Gandhi as alluring pioneers throughout the entire existence of South Asia who
worked for the opportunity of India. Because of their administrations, the two of them
are viewed as 'father of their Nations', Pakistan and India separately. In the scholarly
community of Indo-Pakistan, their common relations are authorizing as two enemies or
rivals, yet these are one-sided investigations and must return to with a new look.

EDUCATION
GHANDI
He received his primary education in the city of Porbandar. Being a famous and
influential person, some people assume Gandhi was among the brightest students in his
school. Gandhi was an average student. He was not very good at academics or in any
sporting activities, however, he grasped some of the most important aspects of his
education including good morals. He was also a shy and timid student. The school he
went to was a school consisting of boys only and was located on the Western Coast of
India. Gandhi later moved to Rajkot, a city located in the western part of India. The
move was necessary due to his father's new job. He joined Alfred High School, an all-
boys school, at the age of 11 years. There was a lot of improvement in his performance
in high school compared to elementary school. Despite Mahatma Gandhi's education
challenges during his high school years including being taken a year back, Gandhi
managed to complete his high school. He enrolled in Samaldas Arts College, the only
institution that was offering a degree. Gandhi later dropped out of college and went back
home to his family in Porbander.After some time, Gandhi decided to go back to college.
He opted to take a different course, Law.

Jinnah
After being taught at home, Jinnah was sent in 1887 to the Sindh Madrasat al-Islam
(now Sindh Madressa-tul- Islam University) in Karachi. Later he attended the Christian
Missionary Society High School (also in Karachi), where at the age of 16 he passed the
matriculation examination of the University of Bombay. On the advice of an English
friend, his father decided to send him to England to acquire business experience.
Jinnah, however, had made up his mind to become a barrister. In keeping with the
custom of the time, his parents arranged for an early marriage for him before he left
for After England.
FAVOURS
The non-cooperation and Khilafat Movements played a vital role in the history of Indo-
British and Hindu-Muslim relations. The paper explores the stance of Muhammad Ali
Jinnah on the issue and his relation with Mohen Das Karam Chand Gandhi and Ali
Brothers. For, the paper focuses on the original sources of Jinnah’s speeches, press
coverage and official and personal correspondence. Jinnah considered the launch of
noncooperation Movement a futile exercise, with no outcome. His focus was on sharing
of power through electoral politics. Jinnah’s suspicions about the results of the
movement came true and it ended with a failure and imprisonment of Gandhi and Ali
brothers. For the purpose of pressuring the British Government, the Non-Cooperation or
Satyagraha movement was formally launched after the Nagpur session of the Indian
National Congress in December 1920. The founders of this movement played tactfully
with the sentiments of the people – both Hindu and Muslim. The Muslim sentiments
were critically antagonistic to the British because of the demise of the Ottoman Empire
and the uncertain future of the Holy Lands of Islam in Arabia. This was the time when
Mahatma Gandhi, as an Indian nationalist had started his political career. He developed
close ties with the Muslim religious class  Riaz Ahmad 44 particularly with the Deoband
School. To win a Public support Gandhi promised to win Swaraj by December
1921against British imperialism1 . Even Maulana Mahomed Ali and Shaukat Ali came to
believe in such a given hope and joined hand with addressing a public gathering in
Bombay on 22 February,1922 Maulana Mahomed Ali categorically expressed that they
were determined to get Swarj within the next eight months3 . Mohammad Ali Jinnah did
not believe in such promises by Mahatma Gandhi.

Ghandi’s work for Muslims

khilafat movement, pan-Islamic force in India that arose in 1919 in an effort to salvage
the Ottoman caliph as a symbol of unity among the Muslim community in India during
the British raj. The movement was initially bolstered by Gandhi’s noncooperation
movement but fell apart after the abolition of the caliphate in 1924.

Fears of Muslim disunity were aroused by the decline of the ottoman empire—the

preeminent Islamic power whose sultan, as caliph, was seen by pan-Islamists as the
leader of the worldwide Muslim community. The caliphate was endangered first by
Italian attacks (1911) and the Balkan war (1912–13) and later by the empire’s defeat in
WW1 (1914–18). Fears of the loss of the caliphate were intensified by the treaty of
Sevres (August 1920), which dismembered the empire, not only detaching all non-
Turkish regions from the empire but also giving parts of the Turkish homeland to
Greece and other non-Muslim powers.

A campaign in defense of the caliphate was launched, led in India by the brothers

Shaukat and Muhammad Ali and by Abul Kalam Azad. The leaders joined forces
with Mahatma Gandhi’s noncooperation movement for Indian freedom, promising
nonviolence in return for his support of the Khilafat movement. 

Jinnah’s work for Hindu

Agreement made by the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal
Gangadhar Tilak and the All-India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah; it was
adopted by the Congress at its Lucknow session on December 29 and by the league on
Dec. 31, 1916. The meeting at Lucknow marked the reunion of the moderate and
radical wings of the Congress. The pact dealt both with the structure of the government
of India and with the relation of the Hindu and Muslim communities.
On the former count, the proposals were an advance on Gopal Krishna Gokhale’s
“political testament.” Four-fifths of the provincial and central legislatures were to be
elected on a broad franchise, and half the executive council members, including those
of the central executive council, were to be Indians elected by the councils themselves.
Except for the provision for the central executive, these proposals were largely
embodied in the Government of India Act of 1919. The Congress also agreed to
separate electorates for Muslims in provincial council elections and for weightage in
their favour (beyond the proportions indicated by population) in all provinces except the
Punjab and Bengal, where they gave some ground to the Hindu and Sikh minorities.
This pact paved the way for Hindu-Muslim cooperation in the Khilafat
movement and Mohandas Gandhi’s noncooperation movement from 1920.