EXPERIMENT NO.

8
SOLUTION OF SHORT-TERM HYDROTHERMAL SCHEDULING
PROBLEM USING CLASSICAL ITERATIVE METHOD
PURPOSE:
To learn
1. Mathematical formulation of Short-term Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem.
2. Solution of Short term fixed head hydrothermal scheduling using Classical iterative
method.

INTRODUCTION:
HYDRO THERMAL COORDINATION:
The systematic coordination of the operation of a system of hydroelectric generation
plants is usually more complex than the scheduling of an all-thermal generation system. The
reason is both simple and important. That is, the hydroelectric plants may very well be coupled
both electrically (i.e., they all serve the same load) and hydraulically (i-e., the water outflow
from one plant may be a very significant portion of the inflow to one or more other, downstream
plants).
A large number of inter connected power systems in the world have both thermal and
Hydroelectric power. In a hydro-thermal power system, the operating objective is to release the
Limited quantity of hydro energy available in such a way that it displaces the thermal generation
with the highest cost. Basically there are two type of coordination long range problem, and short
range problem in this lab we discuss only short range problem.
The optimal scheduling problem in a hydro-thermal system stated as to minimize the fuel
cost of thermal plants under the constraint of water availability for hydro-generation over a given
period of operation. Hydrothermal coordination is classified mainly into following types:
1)Long term co-ordination – The coordination of the operation of hydroelectric plants involves,
of course, the scheduling of water releases. The long-range hydro-scheduling problem involves
the long-range forecasting of water availability and the scheduling of reservoir water releases
(i.e., “drawdown”) for an interval of time that depends on the reservoir capacities from one week
to one year or several years. Unknown are - such as load, hydraulic inflows, and unit availability
(i.e. steam and hydro-plants).
2) Short term co-ordination –one day or one week, which involves the hour-by-hour
scheduling. The load, hydraulic inflows, and unit availabilities are assumed to be known. In such
a scheduling problem, the load, hydraulic inflows, and unit availabilities are assumed known. A
set of starting conditions (e.g., reservoir levels) is given, and the optimal hourly schedule that
minimizes a desired objective, while meeting hydraulic steam, and electric system constraints, is
sought.

MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION:
To mathematically formulate the optimal scheduling, the following assumptions are to be made
for a certain period of operation:
i. Storage of a hydro-reservoir at the beginning and end of period T are specified.
ii. After accounting for the irrigation purpose, water inflow to the reservoir and load demand
on the system is known deterministically as functions of time with certainties.
The optimization problem here is to determine the water discharge rate q(t) so as to minimize the
cost function of thermal generation. Objective function is:
To Minimize total Fuel Cost

Subjected to following constraints:

(i) Real Power balance constraint
(ii) Water Availability
(iii) Real Power hydro generation
To implement the iterative method for the solution of short-term hydrothermal scheduling
problem, first following method is applied to compute initial guess values of different variables.
Initial Guess:
PROCEDURE:
The procedure to find solution of short-term hydrothermal scheduling problem using classical
iterative method is given below:
Now obtained results are also verified through MATLAB Program. Open a new M-file in
MATLAB

EXERCISE
The characteristics of thermal plant is given by:

The characteristics of hydel plant is given by:

The upper and lower limits are given as:

The volume of reservoir is:

The demand curve is given as:

Matlab Code
clc
clear all
close all
M=1;N=1;
% thermal unit
a=0.01;
b=0.1;
c=100;
ptmax=200;
ptmin=50;
% hydro unit
x=0.05;
y=20;
z=140;
phmax=200;
phmin=10;
v1=25000;
pd1=250;
pd2=300;
% Computing the initial guess
pt1=(pd1/(M+N))
pt2=(pd2/(M+N))
ph1=(pd1/(M+N))
ph2=(pd2/(M+N))
lumbda0=2*a*pt1+b
vj1=(lumbda0/(2*x*ph1+y))
delV=1
iter = 0
while abs(delV)>=0.01
v1=25000;
iter=iter+1;
f=(((b/a)+(y/x))/(2))
g=((1/a)+(1/(x*vj1)))
lumbda1=2*((pd1+f)/(g))
p11=((lumbda1-b)/(2*a))
p21=((lumbda1-(y*vj1))/(2*x*vj1))
lumbda2=2*((pd2+f)/(g))
p12=((lumbda2-b)/(2*a))
p22=((lumbda2-y*vj1)/(2*x*vj1))
V=6*(((x*p21)+y)*p21+z+((x*p22)+y)*p22+z)
delV=V-v1
vj1=(vj1+((0.0955*delV)/(v1)))
A=table(lumbda1,p11,p21,lumbda2,p12,p22,V,delV,vj1)
end
Ct=((a*(p11^2)+b*(p11)+c)+(a*(p12^2)+b*p12+c))*6
A=table(lumbda1,p11,p21,lumbda2,p12,p22,V,delV,vj1,Ct)

RESULTS:
CONCLUSION:
A large number of inter connected power systems in the world have both thermal and
hydroelectric power. In a hydro-thermal power system, the operating objective is to release the
limited quantity of hydro energy available in such a way that it displaces the thermal generation
with the highest cost. In this experiment only the short-term hydrothermal scheduling problem is
solved through iterative method because large-term and mid-term scheduling problem cannot be
solved through this approach due to their complex mathematical formulation.

TASK:
After going through the questions and answers related to the experiment, submit a separate report
which should include the analysis of the results of the experiment.

Teacher / Supervisor’s Signature: _________________________________________________