1.

Bile, vitamin D and sex hormones such as testosterone and oestrogen are derived from:
a. Essential fatty acids
b. cholesterol
c. trans fatty acids
d. phospholipids

The hormone gastrin is released in response to:

a. contraction of the gastroesophageal sphincter
b. the presence of food in the stomach
c. presence of the Helicobacter pylori in the stomach
d. relaxation of the anal sphincter

Protein synthesis takes place in the nucleus.

Select one:
True
False

The Plasma membrane has more cholesterol than other membranes in the cell.
Select one:
True
False

The ________________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose compared
to the response to a reference food.
a. gluconeogenic index
b. carbon to hydrogen ratio
c. solubility index
d. glycemic index

HDLs return cholesterol to the liver for excretion in bile.

Select one:
True
False
Which of the following structures is not a part of the small intestine?
a. Antrum
b. Jejenum
c. Duodenum
d. Ileum
Vegetarian diets do not provide enough protein to meet requirements
True
False

The role of lipoprotein lipase is to:

a. is needed to deposit fatty acids into adipose tissue
a. is needed for lipid digestion
b. release fatty acids from triglycerides in chylomicrons
c. break down stored triglycerides inside fat cells
Lignin is insoluble fibre.

True 

False
High fat foods leave the stomach slowly so the make us feel full longer

True 

False
The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice that contains digestive enzymes and:
a. bicarbonate ions
b. insulin
c. cholecystokinin (CCK)
d. bile
Chylomicrons have a higher proportion of triglycerides compared to LDLs.

True

False 
A diet which provides approximately 30% of the total calories from carbohydrates, provides
(based on a 2000 kcal diet):
a. the correct amount of carbohydrates
b. too many carbohydrates
c. too little carbohydrates
d. adequate fibre
Match the following nutrients to at least one of their product after digestion by the enzyme
named.

Answer 1
Starch digested by pancreatic amylase Glucose

Answer 2
Protein digested by trypsin
Di-peptides and Tri-peptides

Triacylglycerol digested by pancreatic lipase Answer 3

Monoacylglyerol

Which of the following organs would one expect to contain numerous smooth endoplasmic
reticula:
a. brain tissue
b. gonads
c. musculoskeletal tissue
d. non-lactating mammary glands
In the cell structure, the _______ provides support and controls the movement of cell organelles.
a. matrix space
b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. microtrabecular lattice
d. mitochondrion
Secretory glands are found throughout the digestive tract, with the exception of:
a. The colon
b. Duodenum
c. Oesophagus
d. The mouth
Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the least cellular ATP is produced.

True

False 
The Golgi apparatus is involved in sorting and transporting proteins.

True 

False
Membranes are symmetrical.

True

False 
The function of intestinal villi includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. the digestion of nutrients
b. selecting specific nutrients for absorption
c. regulating the absorption of nutrients
d. moving the products of digestion along by peristalsis
Elderly persons gradually produce less hydrochloric acid as a result of the aging process. This
means they are losing the ability to:
a. Digest protein which functions as an endopeptidase
b. Stimulate secretion of gastrin and CCK
c. Protect the stomach lining from damage
d. Denature the secondary and tertiary protein structure
An example of bacterial flora that inhabit the large intestine is:
a. Macrophages
b. Lymphocyte
c. Campylobacters
d. Bifidobacterium
A complete dietary protein has been hydrolyzed so that digestion is not necessary.

True

False 
The end of a fatty acid chain containing a methyl group is also referred to as the
___________end.
a. delta
b. alpha
c. omega
d. beta
Chemical score is best described as:
a. content of the most limiting essential amino acid in the protein relative to a reference
pattern or a reference protein
b. quality of a protein
c. biological value for a protein
d. overall amino acid composition of a protein relative to a reference protein
Pectin is water soluble fiber

True 

False
Most stored dietary fat is in the form of cholesterol.
True
False 
If the Parietal cells of the stomach’s oxyntic and pyloric glands are defective, _________ will not
be secreted.
bicarbonate ions
hydrochloric acid
gastrin
mucus
Replacing fat with fat substitutes makes us healthier

True

False
An individual ingesting large quantities of whole grains and bran, is also consuming substantial
quantities of ________:
a. lignin
b. pectin
c. gums
d. hemicellulose
Which of the following sequences represents a monosaccharide, followed by a disaccharide,
followed by a polysaccharide?
a. lactose then glucose then dietary fiber
b. glucose then maltose then lactose
c. galactose then glycogen then starch
d. fructose then sucrose then starch
Match the following structures:

Organelle contained in Mitochondria Cristae

Answer 1
Site of RNA synthesis Nucleus
Answer 2
cell's digestive system Role of lysosomes in the cell.
Answer 3
Match the following to their site of secretion

Salivary amylase Mouth

Answer 1
Pepsin Stomach
Answer 2
Cholesterol esterase Pancreas
Answer 3
Someone who has diseased exocrine pancreatic cells would not be able to produce:
a. digestive enzymes
b. bilirubin
c. somatostatin
d. insulin
Essential fatty acids are so called because if excluded from the diet, the body will lack energy.

True

False 
Membrane proteins serve which of the following functions?
a. Regulation of membrane fluidity
b. Hormonal degradation
c. Energy transduction
What tissue contains white blood cells and protects against ingested microorganisms?
a. mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
b. issue
c. myenteric plexus
d. muscularis mucosa
Foods for microbiota in the gut such as short chain galacto-oligosaccharides are best described
as:
foods that stimulate the growth of gut flora
a. probiotics
b. predigestives
c. prebiotics
Disease which affects the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the digestive system is likely to
reduce
a. bile reabsorption and secretion
b. the production of gastrointestinal hormone
c. immune protection against ingested bacteria
d. the function of the serosa
Which of the following high fiber foods would be least effective in lowering serum cholesterol?
a. Fruits and vegetables
b. Oat bran
c. Soy products
d. Wheat product
Cholecystokinin is produced by I cells of the stomach.
True false
The hormone glucagon is most likely to be released when the blood glucose levels are elevated

True

False 
Which of the following statements about membranes are true?
(i)                 Membranes are symmetrical
(ii)              Membranes are fluid structures
(iii)            Membranes are sheet – like structures
(iv)             Membrane lipids consist primarily of triglycerides
a.(ii) and (iii) c. (I ) and (iv) only
b.(i) only d (i), (ii) and (iii)

Most receptor proteins are transmembrane proteins.

True 

False
Which phase of gastric secretion takes place before food enters the body?
a. Intestinal
b. Cephalic
c. Cognitive
d. Gastric
All nutrients absorbed from the small intestine are delivered directly to the body cells by the
blood

True 

False
Glycogen is stored in the liver, skeletal muscles, red blood cells and brain cells.

True

False 
Which of the following components of the epithelial cells’ plasma membrane regulate the flow
of nutrients in and out of those cells?
a. Proteins
b. cholesterol
c. phospholipids
d. oligosaccharides