Unit 2 -- National Safety and Security

Topic 1 : Constitutional National Safety

and Security
Constitutional National Security
National Security is defined as the state or condition wherein the values which a nation
treasures such as territorial integrity, sovereignty, people’s way of life and well-being are
protected and enhanced. It is the requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through
the use of economic military and political power and the exercise of diplomacy. The measures
taken to ensure national security include:
• Using diplomacy to rally allies and isolate threats;
• Maintaining effective armed forces;
• Implementing civil defense and emergency
preparedness measures (including anti-terrorism
legislation);
• Ensuring the resilience and security of critical
infrastructure; and
• Using intelligence services to detect and defeat or
avoid threats and espionage, and to protect classified
https://slideplayer.com/slide/13105563/
information .

In the Philippine context as indicated by the NSC Permanent Secretariat, National

Security is described as a condition or state of being where the Filipino people’s values, way
of life, institutions, welfare, and well-being, sovereignty and strategic relations are protected
and enhanced.

The elements of National Security are the following:

• Moral-spiritual consensus
• Cultural cohesiveness
• Economic solidarity
• Socio-political stability Ecological balance
• Territorial integrity
• International harmony National security is anchored on three major pillars.

THREE MAJOR PILLARS OF NATIONAL SECURITY

(National Security Policy 2017-2022, National Security Council)

First Pillar: Safeguarding the Philippine’s national unity, its democracy and its social
institutions. The most important foundation of national unity is that all citizens share one
national identity that is, being Filipinos regardless of their ethnic, religious, cultural and
ideological orientations.

Second Pillar: National security is ensuring the security of the State and preserving and
protecting its sovereignty, territorial integrity, and institutions. This is clearly provided in the
Constitution, to wit:

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• Definition of national territory consistent with new international covenants. (Art. I)

• Renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy. (Art. II Sec. 2)
• Civilian supremacy over military. (Art. II Sec. 3)
• Role of the armed forces as protector of the people and the State. (Art. II Sec. 3)
• Maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty and property, and the
promotion of the legal welfare. (Art. II Sec. 5)
• Pursuit of independent foreign policy based on national sovereignty and national
interest. (Art. II Sec. 7)
• Right to self-determination. (Art. II Sec. 7)
• Freedom from nuclear weapons. (Art. II Sec. 8)
• Suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. (Art. III Sec. 15)
• Concept of citizen army. (Art. XVI Sec. 4)

Third Pillar: Protection of properties, infrastructure and keeping the people safe from
all forms of threats, both here and abroad, and to the extent possible, creating jobs in order to
bring back home overseas Filipino workers where their physical safety can be fully guaranteed
by our Government

National Security and the NSTP Program T

he 1987 Philippine Constitution enshrined in its Declaration of Principles that the

Filipinos are duty-bound to protect the country and, as such, they may be subjected to undergo
service training programs (Art. II, Sec. 14, The Philippine Constitution).

The Government may call upon the people to defend the state, and in fulfillment thereof,
all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or
civil service. The NSTP is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense
preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing
training in any of its three (3) program components, specifically designed to enhance the youth's
active contribution to the general welfare.

MANPOWER RESERVOIR FOR NATIONAL SECURITY

1. Graduates of CWTS and LTS shall belong to the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)
which could be tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare activities such assisting in
disaster preparedness, mitigation, response and rehabilitation programs.
2. Graduates of the ROTC component shall form part of the AFP Citizen Armed Forces and
AFP Reserve Force, subject to DND requirements.

Types of Threats

Threats can be classified into four different categories; direct, indirect, veiled,
conditional.

A direct threat identifies a specific target and is delivered in a straightforward, clear, and
explicit manner.

An indirect threat tends to be vague, unclear, and ambiguous. The plan, the intended
victim, the motivation, and other aspects of the threat are masked or equivocal.

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A veiled threat is one that strongly implies but does not specifically threaten violence.

A conditional threat is the type of threat often seen in extortion cases. It warns that a
violent act will happen unless certain demands or terms are met.

Human and Ecological Security

Human security is concerned with safeguarding and expanding people's vital freedoms.
It requires both protecting people from critical and pervasive threats and empowering people to
take charge of their own lives.

Ecological security can defined as mankind's ensure degree un-effected by ecological

destroy and environmental pollution in yield, living and health, including basic element of water
and food security, air quality and green environment.

Campus Security Measures

Students must realize that the campus is like any other community that is made up of
individuals, and, as a result, it will see both good and bad days. Keeping their community healthy
and positive depends on their awareness of what’s going on around them as well as the
availability of safety and security support programs that are provided by the school.

By being aware of their surroundings and anticipating the kinds of dangerous situations
that could arise, students can better cope with negative situations, protect themselves from harm,
and keep their peers safe and secure.

Become Familiar with University Safety Services and Procedures

It’s encouraged that students become familiar with the published campus safety and
security procedures that cover crime, as well as the emergency response and preparedness plans
for events such as natural disasters.

Virtually every college provides some form of on-campus security to protect students,
faculty, and staff in the case of an emergency. University safety and security services differ
depending on the size of the campus, the specific needs of the institution, and the impact or
influence of the local community. Services range from protective and preventative measures to
set procedures and training on how to deal with both natural and criminal emergencies.

Personal and Campus Safety: Keeping Students Safe from Assault

No one wants to be a victim of crime. By using common sense, staying alert, and taking
steps to protect oneself, students can take steps to prevent personal assault on campus or off.
Consider adding these personal-safety guidelines, provided by the National Crime
Prevention Council, to your campus’ student safety resources:

On the street
• Keep your head up and walk with a purpose; make eye contact with people you pass on
the street.

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• Be alert to what's going on around you; keep your focus outward, not inward.
• Avoid alleys, deserted streets, and isolated public parks. Stick with the crowd.
• Wear comfortable shoes you can walk or run in.
• Walk up to a residence, store, or emergency firebox if you believe you're being followed.

In your car
• Keep your car well maintained and your gas tank at least one-quarter full.
• Keep car doors locked and windows rolled up.
• Have your car keys in hand when approaching your car.
• Park close to the building you'll be entering or near the center of a lot. Avoid parking
around the lot's edges or next to an occupied vehicle.
• Before getting in the car, check the front and back seats to be sure no one is hiding inside.
• Park in well-lighted areas. Avoid back streets, alleys, and isolated parking garages. Don't
go home or to your dorm if you believe someone is following you. Instead, drive to a
police station, fire station, or a business with visible security personnel on duty.

Daily schedule
• Inform security, peers, or a family member if you're going to work or study late and
when you expect to be back. Leave the building with a peer or security escort.
• Leave a record of your appointments with a peer; let someone know where you're going
and when you expect to return when leaving for off campus activities.
• Be careful in stairwells and elevators. Avoid using dark or isolated stairwells. Stand next
to the control panel while riding in an elevator with a stranger. If you're attacked, punch
all the floor buttons so the door will open on each floor. Yell for assistance every time it
opens.
• Trust your intuition. If someone in an elevator appears threatening or suspicious, get out
and alert security.
• Use a buddy system. Tell a peer when you're going to the restroom or running an errand.
.
http://www.nsc.gov.ph/attachments/article/NSP/NSP-2017-2022.pdf
https://www.gdrc.org/sustdev/husec/z-whatis.html
https://ualr.edu/safety/home/emergency-management-plan/threat-assessment-team/types-of-threats/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12132171/
https://www.naspa.org/blog/campus-safety-and-security-a-team-effort