क्षेप्यास्त्र साप्ताहिक २९ माघ २०७९

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If]qdf s]lGb|t /x]/ ;‹if{ ug]{ atfPsf] pgn] ax';V+ os g]kfnL ul/aLsf] cfPsf] xf] . r'gfj jf ;/sf/sf] x]/km]/ cj:yf cfPsf] atfpFb} eg] eg], …/fli6«o o;}u/L, dxf;lrj ljKnjn] g]kfn lg/fzfjfbL uf]n rSs/af6 d'Qm ug{k' g]{
5 . o;}qmddf ;f] kf6L{n] cfufdL kmfu'g df/df k/]sf] 7f]sj' f ub}{ eg]– …() dfq ;d:of ;dfwfg xf]Og . g]kfnnfO{ pBf] u Lx¿ klg C0fsf] ef/df sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL atfP .
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/ n3'ljQsf lj?4 / kmfu'g !%ut] 5g\ . of] s]an cfly{s ;+s6 dfq xf]Og, qmflGtsf] cfjZostf 5 .Ú ePsf 5g\ . g]kfndf s]xL u5{' eGg] / d'2f ldNg];uF ;+oQ' m df]rf{dfkm{t\ ;ldltsf] t];f| ] k"0f{ a}7ssf lg0f{o k|jQmf
rsf]{ dxËLsf lj?4 b]zJofkL lj/f]w /fhgLlts ;+s6 klg xf] . xfn} dfq dxf;lrj ljKnjn] o'jfx¿df /fli6«o pBf]uLx¿ 6f6 klN6g] cj:yf sfo{ut Pstf ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] atfP . k|sf08n] jfrg u/]sf lyP . h'g o;
k|bz{g ug]{ atfPsf] 5 . ;f] kf6L{sf] ;+3 / k|bz ] / :yfgLo txsf r'gfj b] l vPsf] kl/jt{ g sf] x' 6 \ x ' 6 LnfO{ cfPsf] 5 . rsf]{ Aofhb/n] ;d:of pgn] eg]– …xfd|f] lgisif{ s] 5 eg] ljrf/ k|sf/ /x]sf] 5– …xfd|f] hglk|o kf6L{
gjf} s]GbLo ;ldltsf] t]>f] k"0f{ a}7ssf] eP . t/, cToGt} lkmtnf ;fljt eP . ¿kfGt/0f ug{ cfjZos /x]sf] klg lglDtPsf] 5 . a}s + sf] Aofhb/ jfg ldNg] kf6L{x¿;Fu kf6L{ Pstf ug{k' 5{, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] gjf}F s]Gb|Lo
lg0f{o hfgsf/L u/fpg a'waf/ cfof]lht jt{dfg Joj:yfk|lt hgtfsf] ljZjf; cfk"mx¿sf] lgisif{ /x]sf] atfP . pgn] l8lh6df emfg{k' 5{ .Ú d'2f ldNg] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x¿;Fu ;xsfo{ ;ldltsf] P]ltxfl;s t];f| ] k"0f{ a}7s
kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ ;f] s'/fsf] u'Db} uPsf] 5 . ;+;b\jfbL bnn] t/fO{d{ f ld6/Aofh / kxf8df n3'laQn] o;}u/L, dxf;lrj ljKnjn] g]kfnsf] ug{k' 5{ .Ú dxf;lrj ljKnjn] cufl8 dxf;lrj sd/] 8 ljKnj ;Lsf]
hfgsf/L lbPsf] xf] . pQm kqsf/ hgtfnfO{ 3'dfO/x]sf 5g\ .Ú ;d:of lglDtPsf] atfpFb} eg]– …t/fO{d{ f z}lIfs If]qdf ;d]t dflkmofs/0f ePsf] eg]– …oxL Joj:yfleq 3'd/] xf]Og . cWoIftfdf oxL df3 # b]lv !!
;Dd]ngdf dxf;lrj ljKnjn] g]kfnsf] o;}u/L dxf;lrj ljKnjn] gofF bn ld6/Aofhn] pl7af; ePsf] 5 . 7f]sj' f ub}{ eg]–…;fd'bflos ljBfnodf o;sf] ;dfwfg j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf ut] ; Dd kf6L{ s] G b| L o sfo{ n o
cy{tGq d'¶Le/ JolQmsf] xftdf /x]sf] cfpg' ;sf/fTds s'/f eP klg hLjg:t/ psf:g] cfzn] C0f lnPsf ;d]t c+uh ]| L / g]kfnLdf juL{s/0f u/L vf]Hg'k5{ . Tof] ;t{df g]kfndf j}1flgs slknj:t'df ;DkGg eof] . a}7sn]
7f]sj' f ub}{ eg]– …;a} kf6L{sf g]tfx¿n] Joj:yfd} ;d:of ePsf] 7f]sj' f ub}{ 5g\ t/ pgLx¿sf] hfoh]yf p7fOPsf] lje] b ul/Psf] 5 . lzIffdf ;dfhjfbL ax;, ¿kfGt/0fsf/L lnPsf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox? hfgsf/Lsf
cfly{s ;+s6 lglDtFb} 5 eGg'xG' 5 . eg]– …gofF bn cfpg' ;sf/fTds s'/f 5 . kxf8df n3'laQx¿n] To:t} ;d:of Jofkf/Ls/0f ePsf] 5 . z}lIfs If]qdf /fhgLlts ax; xf];\ ;a} b]zeQm -af“ s L clGtd k] h df_

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‘dlxnfx?sf] k"0f{ d'lQm ;dfhjfbL
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sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf cfGbf]ngsf ljifodf gofF gLltx? cl3
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qmflGtsf/LnfO{ lzIffdf lghLs/0f / cfOkbf{ cGofo, cTofrf/ / bdg b]lvG5 t/ o;sf] ;f/tTjdf k|ltqmflGt xf] . o;/L bnfn k'h F Ljfbn] o'jfx¿nfO{ d'lQm ;dfhjfbL qmflGtaf6 dfq ;Dej /x]sf] k'?ifjfbL ;fdGtL ;f]rsf sf/0f
Jofkf/Ls/0flj?4 n8\g lgb]z { g lbPsf yf]kl/G5 eg] k|lt/f]w ug{;Sg] / b]zsf / bnfn k'h F Ljfbsf] xdnfsf] ?kdf of] g] t [ T j, ;r] t tf / ;fdflhs x'g] atfPsf 5g\ . clvn g]kfn dlxnf ljutb] l v dlxnfx?n] ljleGg
5g\ . clvn qmflGtsf/L s]lGb|o nflu n8\g ;Sg] ;fx;L x'g lgb]z { g cfPsf] 5 . o;n] k9\gn ] fO{ klg ;'v kxnsb\dLaf6 cnUofpg] if8\oGq u/]sf] ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] rf}yf] k"0f{ a}7snfO{ clwsf/af6 jl~rt /xg'kg],{ cdfgjLo
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cfGbf]ngnfO{ w|j' Ls/0f u/f}F eg]sf 5f}F . / /fhgLlts pTkL8gsf] cGTo / jt{dfg ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ;+ljwfg /
o;af/] pxfFx? s;/L ;f]Rg' x'G5 Tof] dlxnfx?sf] k"0f{ d'lQm ;dfhjfbL sfg'gdf hlt;'s} ;dfg'kflts /
;ldltåf/f lqe'jg ljZjljBfno s]lGb|o lbP . k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ 5}g, k9fpg]nfO{ klg ;'v lbPsf] 5}g . pxfFx?sf] ljifo xf] .Ú qmflGtjf6 dfq} x'g] atfP˜ . k|jQmf ;dfj]lztfsf] gf/f lbP klg of]
SofDk;df cfof]lht :jljo' lgjf{rg qmddf g]kfnsf] lzIff If]qsf] l:ylt / clvn qmflGtsf/L lzIffdf lghLs/0f dxf;lrj ljKnjn] xfn} ;DkGg k|sf08n] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] cl3 Joj:yfsf ;~rfnsx?n] Tof] d'2fnfO{
ljz]if s]lGb|o k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ lghLs/0f / Jofkfl/s/0ftkm{ ;+st] ub}{ / Jofkfl/s/0fsf] lj?4 Ps k6s ePsf] g]skfsf] gjf}F dxflwj]zgn] ;f/]sf] PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzfdf Jofkf/sf] ljifo agfPsf] / cfˆgf]
;Daf]wg ub}{ dxf;lrj ljKnjn] ;f] dxf;lrj ljKnjn]– lzIffdf lghLs/0f n8\gk' 5{ . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / dfcf]jfbsf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf clgjfo{ ePsf] :jfy{df pkof]u u/]sf 5g\ .Ú
lgb]z
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clvn qmflGtsf/L;Fu cfj4 g]tf– ;dfh ;fdGtjfbaf6 bnfn /]ld6]G;sf] nflu /fHon] ljb]z k7fpg] ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf] bfaL ub}–{ …xfdLn] lbzf / :j¿k lbgsf] nflu g]skfn] kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o tyf clvn g]kfn
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;+Zn]if0faf6 åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb ef}ltsjfb x'bF } åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf klg xf] ls To; cGtu{t u'?Tjfsif{0f, dflgGYof] t/ ha kbfy{sf] gofF ?k
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cfGbf]ng / b]zsf] ;+s6k"0f{ cj:yfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L rf/ ldn]/ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb aGb5 . o'gfg, ef/t, g]kfn / rLgdf k[YjL, cfbz{jfbLx? ef}ltsjfb Wj:t eof],
kf6L{sf] aLrdf kf6L{ Pstf Pj+ qmflGtsf/L w|j' Ls/0fsf] lglDt ljZj a|Xdf08df ;f/f rLhx? b'O{ hn, jfo', cfuf] h:tf ef}lts tTj k|df0f' / kbfy{sf] ljnf]k eof] eGb}
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l:y/ xf] O g, cl:y/ 5g\ eGg] ug{sf nflu s'g} jfXo zlQmsf] ;x/f ljB't r'DasLo cflb If]q k5{g\ . ef} l tls l;4fGt hlGdof] . clg
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tTj kbfy{nfO{ k|yd / r]tgfnfO{ ;fy} bfz{lgs kmfF6df cfbz{jfb cl:tTjsf] cj:yf, cfGtl/s u'0f xf] cWoog ug{ yflnof] . clg k|Zg p7\of]
5}g . g]skfsf] o; dxfg\ cleofgdf tdfd qmflGtsf/L bn, låtLo :yfgdf /fVg] l;4fGtnfO{ b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\– j:t'lgi7 cfbz{jfb / Tof] ljleGg ?kdf k|s6 x'G5 . ls ljZj k/:k/ c;DalGwt s0f /
g]tf, zlQm / ;r]t gful/sn] ;fy / ;xof]u ug{' lglj{sNk aGb} ef}ltsjfb eGb5g\ . ef}ltsjfbn] / cfTdgki7 cfbz{jfb . h;n] k/d ultsf] csf]{ gfd cGtlj{/f]w xf] . t/Ëx?n] JofKt 5 . To;}n] ca
uPsf] 5 . To;} sf/0f b]zdf /x]sf qmflGtsf/L bn / g]tfx? k|f/Deb]lv clxn];Dd k|ultzLn tyf ljrf/, k/dfTdf jf k/d r]tgfnfO{ kbfy{sf ultsf ?kx?af/] P+u]N;n] cå}tjfbsf] xf/ / ax'njfb ljhoL
cu|ufdL ju{sf] ;]jf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . k| w fgtf lbG5g\ tL j:t' l gi7 eGg'ePsf] 5, ækbfy{sf] ult s]jn eof] aGg] l:ylt k}bf eof] . l7s o;}
uf]na4 x'g yfn]sf 5g\, h;sf] yfngL:j?k rf/ sDo'lg:6 bfz{lgs kmfF6df gofF ef}ltsjfb cfbz{jfbL x'g\ . lghL ljrf/, cfTdf e2f oflGqs ult dfq xf]Og, s]jn k|lqmofdf cfOG;6fOgsf] PsLs[t
kf6L{ Pstf Pj+ qmflGtsf/L w|j' Ls/0fsf] nflu ;+oQ' m df]rf{nfO{ eg]sf] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb xf] . jf r]tgfnfO{ k|fylds dfGg]x? :yfg kl/jt{g dfq xf]Og, Tof] pidf If]qsf] l;4fGt hlGdof], To;df pgn]
åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb kbfy{ / ultsf] cfTdlgi7 cfbz{ j fbsf] >] 0 fLdf / k|sfz xf], ljB't / r'DasLo tgfj PsLs[t ljZj Joj:yfsf] kl/sNkgf
Jojl:yt ug]{ tof/Ldf h'6]sf 5g\, h;sf] p2]Zo bnfn tyf Pstfsf] dfGotfdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] kb{ 5 g\ . åGåfTds ef} l tsjfb xf], /f;folgs ;+of]hg / ljof]hg xf], u/] . o;nfO{ :6]kmg xlsª\;n] /fd|fl] ;t
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yf / /fHo;Qfsf] cGTo u/L 5 . ef}ltsjfbn] kbfy{nfO{ ljZjsf] :jt:k"mt{ ef}ltsjfb / oflGqs hLjg xf] / cGttM r]tgf xf] .Æ – k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . o; tYon] åGåfTds
k| f ylds tTjsf] ?kdf cWoog ef}ltsjfbeGbf leGg /x]sf] 5 . dfS;{ – P+ u ] N ;–n] l gg–åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL cå}tjfbsf] yk k'li6 x'g
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf :yfkgf ug]{ b]lvG5 . o;y{, b]z / ub{5 . åGåjfbn] ef}lts kbfy{df o;nfO{ ;xL 9+un] a'‰gsf nflu kbfy{ ef}ltsjfb, k[i7 (), k|ult k|sfzg, uPsf] 5 .
hgtfnfO{ jt{dfg ;+s6af6 kf/ nufpg / ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ljBdfg ultsf] cWoog ub{5 . oL / ult, lbzf / sfn, kbfy{ / r]tgf d:sf], !(** . ;fy} kbfy{ / r]tgfnfO{ bz{gsf]
b' a } cWoogsf] k" 0 f{ t f åGåfTds h:tf k|ju{x?af/] ljdz{ ug{ cfjZos lbzf / sfn, lj1fg / bz{g b'a} dxTjk"0f{ k|ju{sf ?kdf lng'k5{ .
r+un' af6 d'Qm kfg{ kf6L{ Pstf Pj+ qmflGtsf/L w|j' Ls/0fsf] ef}ltsjfbdf x'G5 . 5 . åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbn] kbfy{ / If]qdf ljz]if dxTjk"0f{ k|ju{ x'g\ . o; lsgls r] t gfsf ?kx?cGtu{ t
nflu ;+oQ' m df]rf{n] pb\3f]if u/]sf x/]s sbd / cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem} of] s'/f :ki6 kfg{' 5 ls ultsf] PstfnfO{ dfGb5 . kbfy{sf ljZjdf ultzLn kbfy{sf] cl:tTj ;+j]bgf, efjgf, ;+sNk, lrGtg,
åGåjfbn] kbfy{df ljBdfg ultsf] af/]df n]lggn] eGg'ePsf] 5, ækbfy{ lbzf / sfn cGtu{t g} /xg ;S5 . cjwf/0ff, l;4fGt, b[li6sf]0f cflb
;fy / ;xof]u ug{' ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 . cWoog ub{5 . ef}ltsjfbn] ultzLn To; j:tk/s oyfy{nfO{ clÍt ug]{ lqofdL x'g' / lglZrt 7fpF lng' lbzfsf] kb{ 5 g\ . r] t gfsf] k| f ylds ?k
t;y{, cfd;r]t gful/s g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] kxndf kbfy{nfO{ ljZjsf] cflbs/0f jf Ps bfz{lgs k|ju{ xf] h'g dfG5]df ljz]iftf xf] . lbzfsf] tLg cfofd df]6fO{, ;+j]bgfb]lv l;4fGt;Ddsf] ljsf;
Pstf Pj+ qmflGtsf/L w|j' Ls/0fsf] nflu ;+oQ' m df]rf{nfO{ k|fylds tTj dfGb5 . ult / kbfy{ p;sf ;+j]bgfx?åf/f k|fKt x'G5 / rf}8fO{ / nDafOdf cfwfl/t x'g' xf] . nfdf] P]ltxfl;s k|lqmof;Fu ;DalGwt
Ps csf] { a f6 slxNo} klg h;nfO{ xfd|f ;+j]bgfx?åf/f :jtGq sfn eg] Ps cfodL g} x'G5 . sfn 5 . kbfy{ / r]tgfaLrsf] ;DaGwsf]
Jojl:yt ug]{ lg0f{onfO{ ;fy{s agfpg sl6a4 / k|lta4 x'gs ' f] cnlUuFb}gg\ . ha ult / kbfy{ Ps ?kn] cl:tTjdfg /xL ltgLx¿åf/f eljiotkm{ pGd'v x'G5 / ctLt lt/ bz{gzf:qLo df}lns k|Zgd} cfwfl/t
ljsNk 5}g . lsgls b]z / hglxtsf] kIfdf l;Gsf];d]t efFRg csf]a{ f6 cnluFbg} g\ eg] Tof] l:yltdf lKtlnlkt kmf]6f]lrlqt / k|ltlalDat kms{ b } g . o; ljifodf n] l ggn] 5 / o;sf] cWoog lg/Gt/ eO/x]sf]
kbfy{df ljBdfg ultsf] cWoog ug]{ ul/G5 .Æ – dfS;{ – P+uN] ; – n]lgg, eGg'ePsf] 5, æljZjdf ultjfg 5 . dfS;{åf/f ljsl;t ef}ltsjfbL
g;Sg] ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] uf]nrSs/df kml;/xg] xf] eg] b]z / åGåjfb / ultzLn kbfy{nfO{ k|fylds åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb, k[i7 @*$, kbfy{sf cltl/Qm c? s]xL 5}g / åGåjfb g} gofF åGåjfb xf] . ef}ltsjfbL
hgtfsf] eljio rf} k 6 x' g ] lglZrt 5 . To;sf/0f :yfgdf /fVg]aLr ef}ltsjfb s'g} klg k|ult k|sfzg d:sf], !(** . ultdfg kbfy{ lbzf / sfncGtu{t åGåjfb dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf] lrGtg
xfntdf cnlUug ;Qm}gg\ . ha kbfy{nfO{ e"tb|Jo klg elgG5 . g} ultdfg x'g ;S5g\ .Æ – dfS;{– k4lt xf] . of] j:t'sf] ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{
cfdqmflGtsf/L bn, g]tf, zlQm / ;r]t gful/sx? kf6L{ Pstf åGåjfb / ef}ltsjfbaLr ldng x'G5 Tof] dfgj r]tgf jf cfTdf eGbf aflx/ P+uN] ;–n]lgg–åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb, k[i7 ;xL 9+un] cleJoQm tyf k|:t't ug]{
Pj+ qmflGtsf/L w|j' Ls/0fsf] nflu ;+oQ' m df]rf{df ;fd]n x'gk} 5{ . To;kl5 bz{gsf] gfd åGåfTds :jtGq?kdf cl:tTjdfg /x]sf] 5 / (), k|ult k|sfzg d:sf], !(** . ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ljZjb[li60f xf] .
ef} l tsjfb k' U b5 . bz{ g sf] Tof] ;+j]bgfåf/f dflg;sf] dgdf lbzf / sfnsf] cWoogdf Go'6g, -s];L jl/i7 dfS;{jfbL n]vs x'g\ ._
ToxL df]rf{sf] anaf6 dfq ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] h/f] pv]n]/
b]zdf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{ ;Dej 5 . cGoyf, b]z g]skf emfkf ;+3if{df pqg] Û sDo'lg:6 g]tf ;f}uft / ;'/G] b| g]skfdf ;dflxt
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ hgtfdfly s:tf] k|sf/sf] l:ylt 5
/ hgtfsf] eljio cGwsf/ x'g]5, r]tgf eof . emfkfn] hgtfdfly yf]kl/Psf ljljw eGg] b]vfPsf] atfpFb} hgtf / /fi6«sf] sf7df8f}F . g]kfnsf] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv
;+s6x?af/] dl;gf] u/L 5nkmn ub}{ lxtdf x'g] u/L hgtfsf] ljb|fx] sf] g]tT[ j e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf sDo'lg:6 g]tf ;f}uft cfrfo{ / ;'/]Gb| ld>
g]skf ;'vt{] n] r}q @^ ut] k|lt/f]w lbj; dgfpg]
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ o:t} a}7sn] a}+s tyf ljQLo
hgtfnfO{ ;'/Iff lbg] / hgtflj?4sf
ultljlwaf/] ;+3if{ u/]/ cufl8 a9\g]
kf6L{n] ug{' kg]{ atfP . ;'dgl;+xn]
hgtfnfO{ cTofrf/sf] lj?4 ;+3if{df
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{df w|j' Ls[t ePsf 5g\ . emfkfdf s[lif pTkfbgsf] sfd
ul//x]sf ;f}uft ld> g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf d]rL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ ;'dgl;+x
;'v]{tn] cfufdL r}t @^ ut] k|lt/f]w ;+:yfx?sf] rsf]{ Jofh / ld6/ ;L / emfkfsf g]tfx?;Fusf] 5nkmn kl5 g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{df w|'jLs[t
lbj; dgfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . @)%^ Jofhlj?4 hg;+3if{ ;d]t ug]{ lg0f{o
;fn r}t @^ ut] sflnsf]6 g/xl/gfy u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
ufpFkflnsf j8f g ^ dfNsf]6 ;]/fkf6f a'waf/ ;DkGg a}7sdf g]skf

lg0f{o lnPsf] 5 . g]skf emfkfsf] xfn} cfpg kf6L{n] clkn ug{' kg]{ atfP .
;DkGg a}7sn] ;f] lg0f{o lnPsf] xf] . ;'dgl;+xn] eg] – cTofrf/n] ;Ldf gf3]sf]
a}7sdf kf6L{sf d]rL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ 5 ;r]t hgtf lg/fz x'g] xf]Og ljb|fx] df
;'dgl;+x ;Lsf] k|dv ' cfltYotf / cfpg] ;do ePsf] 5 . pgn] of] Aoj:yf
ls KofpnL ljZjsdf{;lxt ^ hgf s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf dWo]s0ff{nL Ao'/f] s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxfs/ ;b:o xf]d ;Lsf] c;kmn ePsf]n] ca j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL ePsf x'g . k|ltaGwsf] Pp6f ;do;Dd g]skf lhNnf txsf] g]tT[ j
dlxnfx?n] tTsfnLg hgo' 4 sf] OGrfh{ ljj]s ;L, s]lGb|o ;b:ox? cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . a}7sdf Ao"/f] ;Qf :yfkgf ub}{ b]zsf] lhDdf lng kf6L{ ul/;s]sf ;f}uft kl/l:yltdf cfPsf] km]/abn;Fu} tfTsflng 8an
qmddf k|x/L bdglj?4 /fOkmn vf];/] w'j| ;L, ch{g' ;L, s]lGb|o k|ltlglw OGrfh{ l;+xn] emfkfnL hgtf dfly tof/ x'g' kg]{ pNn]v u/] .
n3'laQ, ld6/ AofhL, a}s + / 7un] a}7sdf ;+u7g, ;+3if{, cfly{s, g]skfdf uPsf lyP / ;f] kf6L{sf] k|bz ] ;b:o ag]sf lyP .
k|lt/f]w u/]sf] lbgsf] :d/0f / ;Ddfg ;ldlt ;b:o of]hgf ;L / dlxnf w|j' Ls/0fsf] qmddf pgn] cg'el" t / k|lta4f dGtJosf] qmddf eg]–
:j?k g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] k|lt/f]w g]t[ zflGt ;L;lxtsf] pkl:yt /x]sf] rsf]{ zf]if0f ul//x]sf] ;fy} ef/tLo pTkfbgnufotsf ljifodf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o
kIfaf6 l;dfgf If]qdf Aofks ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . a}7sdf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kl/l:ylt r'k nfu]/ a:g] ePg, To;}n] l9nf gu/L g]skfdf w|j' Ls[t x'g
lbj; dgfpg nfu]sf] xf] . ;'vt{] l:yt atfOPsf] 5 eg] lhNnf ;]qm]6/L lht
g]kfnL e"ld ldr]sf], ef/tLo kIfsf] tyf emfkf lhNnfsf OGrfh{ k|zfGtn] cfP . d]/f] s'g} zt{ 5}g, b]z ;+s6df 5– oxL kf6L{n] dfq} of] b]z hf]ufpg
g]skfsf] kf6L{ sfof{nodf ;DkGg kfFrf}F ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] a} 7 s htftt} x:tIfk a9L /x]sf], ls;fg emfkfnL hgtfsf] aLrdf d8fl/Psf] ;Sg] 7fg]/ of]ubfg ug{ tof/ eP/ cfPsf] x' . d}n] ;s]sf] of]ubfg
a} 7 sn] :yfgLo txdf e} / x] s f ;lsPnuQ} g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ;'vt{ ] n] x?dfly zf]if0f ePsf], dlxnf lx+;f lab|fx] sf] g]tT[ j kf6L{n] ug]{ atfP . pgn]
e|i6frf/lj?4 ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{stf{ k|lzIf0f ub}{ cfGbf]ngdf ug]5 { '.
a9]sf], ;fdflhs c;'/Iffsf 36gfx? hgtf / b]zsf] lglDt cfˆgf] kf6L{ alnbfg To:t} csf{ o'jf g]tf ;'/]Gb| ld>n] PsLs[t hgqmflGtn] dfq} hgtfnfO{
Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg] / ;d:of ;dfwfg g]skfsf] ^ dlxg] cfjlws of]hgfsf pNn]Vo ?kdf a9]sf], blntx?dfly lbg tof/ /x]sf] atfP . a}7ssf]
geP hgsf/jfxL ug]{ lg0f{o ;d]t nIo / kf6L{ sfo{ef/af/] k|lzIf0f ;d]t cGofo a9]/ uPsf]nufotsf 36gfx? cWoIfotf tyf ;+rfng kf6L{sf lhNnf cfˆgf] ;Qf lbg] ePsfn] ;a} uf]na4 x'g] ;do cfPsf] atfP . cfˆgf]
u/]sf] 5 . u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . b]lvPsf] atfpFb} o;n] emfkfdf ;lrj ;+ho ;Ln] u/]sf lyP . w|j' Ls/0f ToxL k|so[ f ePsf] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] .
@)&( ;fn df3 @( ut] cfOtaf/ 3

dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] 9'nd"n gLlt / kf6L{ Pstfsf s'/f


b]zsf] /fli6«o /fhgLlt km]l/ PsfPs /fli6«otf, ;'zf;g, tLj| cfly{s ljsf; g] t [ T jdf k' ¥ ofof] To;nfO{ klg afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ ;xof]u gu/]df g];kf
g]skfåf/f sDo'lg:6 hgdtsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ pb\3f]if
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] sDo'lg:6 hgdtsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{
pb\3f]if u/]sf] 5 . ;f] kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] g]skf pkTosf Ao'/f] /
tfD;flnª Ao'/f]åf/f sf7df8f}Fsf] sdnfbLl:yt k|1fejgdf ;+o'Qm ?kdf
t/n cj:yfdf k'us ] f] 5 . vf;u/L / ;d[l4k|lt k|ltj4 5 eGg] s'/f ljZjf;df lng g;Sg] ultlalwn] ubf{ klg dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|;uF ;xsfo{;d]t
cfof]lht sfo{stf{ k|lzIf0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;f] pb\3f]if u/]sf x'g\ . dxf;lrj
jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j ul//x]sf] hg:t/;Dd ljZjf; k}bf x'bF } uPsf] dfcf] j fbL s] G b| s f cWoIf tyf gug]{ kIfdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L
ljKnj ;Ln] kl/jt{g, cfGbf]ng / ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfsf] ck]Iff;lxt sDo'lg:6
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf sf/0f of] t/n / ljZjf;sf] dt;Dd cfpFbf /fli6«o k| w fgdGqL bfxfnnfO{ ;a} l t/ h;kfn] klg t/fO{sf cGo kf6L{x?;Fu
kf6L{ / qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngk|lt e/f];f ul//x]sf dhb'/, ls;fg, o'jf,
cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ePsf] eGg] s'/f cGo ;xdlt aGg ;Sg] cfwf/ to ePsf] cljZj;gLo kfqsf?kdf lrgfpg] kf6L{ Pstf / ;xsfo{sf nflu jftf{
/fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] klg dx;'; ug{ bfaL ug]{ k|of; klg ul/Psf] 5 . h'g sfd u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf yfn]sf sf/0f dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|;uF tTsfn
yfn]sf 5g\ . ;f] kf6L{ Pdfn]nufotsf s'/fx? bfxfnsf] df3 @^ ut]sf] km]l/ jfd–;dfhjfbL df]rf{ u7gsf] kf6L{ Pstf / ;xsfo{df hf]l8g] ;+efjgf
;ftj6f ;+;bjfbL ;d"xx?sf] ;dy{gdf er'c{ n ;Daf]wgdf klg emlNsPsf k|of; klg yflnPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL sd /x]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf lbgdf …g]skfÚ
Psflt/ ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ jdf /x]sf] 5 lyP . t/, oyfy{x? cWoIf bfxfnsf s]Gb|sf cWoIf bfxfnn] gofF ;Qf zAb x6fpg klg dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf s]xL
eg] csf{ l t/ jfd nf] s tflGqs egfO{eGbf 7Ls lakl/t /x]sf 5g\ . u7aGwg;Fu} jfd–;dfhjfbL df]rf{ g]tfx? tDtof/ /x]sf 5g\ . sltkon]
u7aGwgsf gfddf g]kfnL sf+u; ]| ;Fusf] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIfn] cys u7gsf nflu PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL / g]skf -;dfhjfbL_ gfd /fv]/ cl3
;xsfo{ klg 5f8]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L ca k|of; u/]/ agfPsf] / ;f] kf6L{;uF } h;kfnufotsf kf6L{;uF h'g k|of; a9\g g]tfx? ;xdt ePsf] atfpg]
jfd ;dfhjfbLsf gfddf dfcf]jfbL Pstf ug]{ k|of;df /x]sf] elgPsf] yfNg' e Psf] 5, Tof] cfk;df u/]sf 5g\ . g]tT[ jsf] k|Zg / tTsfnLg
g]skfdf ePsf 36gfqmdsf sf/0f
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|;uF
tl;{Psf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;cl3g} kf6L{
/fli6«o k'FhLklt ;lxtsf] sDo'lg:6 hgdtsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ bfloTj ca cfˆgf]
jt{dfg ;/sf/sftkm{af6 k]; ul/Psf] ;femf Go"gtd sfo{qmd, kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] sfwdf cfPsf] pNn]v ub}{ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?df
Pstfsf nflu eGb} dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|,
b]lvPsf] wf]sf, 6'6km'6, ;Qf:jfy{ / ljefhgn] lg/fz x'bF } uPsf] sDo'lg:6
;+;bdf k|wfgdGqL bfxfnsf] klxnf] ;Daf]wg / ljZjf;sf] dt lnFbf PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL, h;kf / g];kfn]
;dy{s hgdtnfO{ hf]ufpg] tyf ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngtkm{ ljZj:t ug]{
ul/Psf] ;Daf]wgn] ;/sf/ /fi6«, /fli6«otf, ;'zf;g, tLj| cfly{s sfo{bn agfPsf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . t/,
cfk"mx?sf] d'Vo bfloTj ePsf] atfP . g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt, cy{tGq, ;dfh
ljsf; / ;d[l4k|lt k|ltj4 5 eGg] s'/f hg:t/;Dd ljZjf; k}bf xfn tL sfo{bnx? e+u k|foM cj:yfdf
Joj:yfdf cfPsf] ;+s6 / ptf/r9fjn] cfˆgf] kf6L{nfO{ qmflGtsf/L ;+s6df
x'bF } uPsf] / ljZjf;sf] dt;Dd cfpFbf /fli6«o ;xdlt aGg ;Sg] k'us] f 5g\ . ha;Dd dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|
abNg] cj;/ lbPsf] eGb} dxf;lrj ljKnjn] of] kl/l:yltnfO{ kf6L{n] e/k"/
cfwf/ to ePsf] bfaL ug]{ k|of; klg ul/Psf] 5 . h'g s'/fx? ljrf/sf lx;fjn] bfofF xf] ls afofF
pkof]u ub}{ kl/jt{glzn zlQm / JolQm / gofF k':tfnfO{ hflu/eGbf lhGbuL
bfxfnsf] df3 @^ ut]sf] er'c { n ;Daf]wgdf klg emlNsPsf lyP . xf]eGg] :ki6 x'bF g} / cfkm\g} kf6L{
7"nf] / lhGbuLeGbf qmflGt dxTjk"0f{ xf] eGg] s'/f a'emfpFb}, pTk|]l/t ub}{,
k'gu{7g u/]/ r':t agfpFbg} ta;Dd
t/, oyfy{x? cWoIf bfxfnsf egfO{eGbf 7Ls lakl/t /x]sf 5g\ . ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf nflu tof/ ug{k' g]{ atfP . dxf;lrj ljKnjn] sf7df8f}F
cGo kf6L{x?;Fu kf6L{ Pstf / ;xsfo{
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIfn] cys k|of; u/]/ agfPsf] / ;f] kf6L{;uF } b'a} x'g g;Sg] b]lvPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL
eg]sf] qmflGtsf] s]Gb| klg xf] / ;fd|fHojfbsf] cv8f klg xf], To;}n] of] b'j}
Pstf ug]{ k|of;df /x]sf] elgPsf] dfwj g]kfn g]tT[ jsf] PsLs[t kl/l:yltnfO{ ljrf/ ub}{ kf6L{nfO{ hgcfwfl/t agfpg / 5 dlxg] cfjlws
s]Gb|sf] g]t[Tjdf kl5Nnf lbgdf
;dfhjfbLn] xfn} cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] a}7sdf k|:t't u/]sf] /fhgLlts of]hgfsf nIox? xfl;n ug{ g]tf – sfo{stf{nfO{ lgb]{zg ;d]t lbP .
b]lvPsf] ljrng / cl:y/tf kf6L{
k|ltj]bgdf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nfO{ …9'nd'n zlQmÚ sf ?kdf lrq0f g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o tyf pkTosf Ao'/f] OGrfh{
Pstf / ;xsfo{sf nflu k|dv ' afws
u/]sf] 5 . k"jd{ fcf]jfbLsf sltko ;d"xx?n] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nfO{ …blIf0fkGyL kf6L{Ú / ;f] kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jnfO{ OGrfh{ s[lt ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf g]skf :yfoL sld6L
aGb} uPsf] /fhgLlts If]qdf k|dv '
k|ltlqmofjfbL v]dfdf k'us ] f] eg]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf bfxfnnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg u7aGwg ;b:o ljifd ;L, :yfoL sld6L ;b:o uf]sn ' ;L, s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ ;+of]hs
rrf{sf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . h;k|lt ;f]
bL3{ ;L, kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:ox? ldng ;L, k|Hjn ;L, aGw' ;L, cf:yf ;Lnufot
u/]sf cGo bnx? wdfwd k|d bfxfnk|lt g} ljdlt hgfpFb} ;/sf/af6 aflx/ hfg yfn]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o kf6L{sf] g]tT[ j :ki6 x'g h?/L 5 .
g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 .
:jtGq kf6L{n] To;sf] ;"qkft u/]sf] 5 . Ps} k6s Pdfn] / g]kfnL sf+u;]| ;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ ul/Psf] k|of;sf
sf/0f b'a} kf6L{ k|wfgdGqL bfxfn;Fu ;z+lst ag]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;Qf u7aGwgdf /x]/ klg h;kf / gful/s
pGd'lQm kf6L{ bfxfn g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/df hfg dflg/x]sf 5}gg\ . /fk|kf / k|wfgdGqL bfxfnsf aLrdf
c;dem\bf/L 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . l;s] /fpt g]tT[ jsf] hgdt kf6L{sf jt{dfg ;/sf/k|ltsf
c;Gt'li6x? ;dfrf/sf] ahf/df 5tf5'Nn ePsf 5g\ .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{åf/f /fhgLlts e]63f6nfO{ tLj|tf
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] e]6jftf{sf] qmddf d'ns ' sf] hl6n / ljifodf ;d]t uDeL/ 5nkmn ePsf]
/fhgLlts e]63f6nfO{ tLj|tf lbPsf] ;+s6k"0f{ cfly{s /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt, atfOPsf] lyof] . pQm e]6jftf{df g]skf
zAbnfO{ ;bfsf nflu kl/Tofu ug]{ k|of; dfwj g] k fn g] t [ T jsf] PsLs[ t la/f]wfefifk"0f{ s'/f xf] . bfxfnsf] o:tf] 5 . ;f] kf6L{ n ] b] z sf] uDeL/ g]kfndf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / zlQmx?sf] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf pkfWoIf s[i0faxfb'/
klg e}/x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] bf]xf]/f] ;dfhjfbLn] xfn} cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] sfo{n] gofF ;Qf u7aGwg klg 6'6g\ ] /fhgLlts cj:yf / hgtfsf] hl6n gofF cfwf/df w'j| Ls/0fsf] P]ltxfl;s dx/fsf] ;d]t ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
/ t]x/f] e"ldsfn] ubf{ jt{dfg ;/sf/ a}7sdf k|:t't u/]sf] /fhgLlts / ;dfhjfbL s]Gb|sf] cjwf/0ff klg ;d:ofnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ /fhgLlts cfjZostf / ;d;fdlos /fhgLlts o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
slta]nf 9Ng] xf] eGg] ;+;o ;a}lt/ k|ltj]bgdf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nfO{ …9'nd'n c;kmn x'g] ;+st] x? b]lvPsf 5g\ . e] 6 3f6nfO{ tLj| t f lbPsf] xf] . ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . dxf;lrj ljKnj, k|jQmf k|sf08 /
b]lvPsf] 5 . o;/L ;+;bLo /fhgLltdf zlQmÚ sf ?kdf lrq0f u/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|n] vf;df hgo'4sfnLg o;}qmddf, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf xfn} ;DkGg g]skfsf] s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] Pdfn]sf cWoIf Pjd\ k"jk{ w| fgdGqL
v]Nb} u/]sf] ;f] kf6L{n] jfd ;dfhjfbL k"j{dfcf]jfbLsf sltko ;d"xx?n] dfcf]jfbLaf6 cnu eP/ ag]sf cGo dxf;lrj ljKnj / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 t];f| ] a}7sn] ljrf/ ldNg]x?;Fu kf6L{ s] k L cf] n LaLr ;f] d af/ ;fF e m
s]Gb| u7g ug]{ gfddf jt{dfg ;/sf/df dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nfO{ …blIf0fkGyL kf6L{Ú sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?;Fu 5nkmn u/]/ kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL -s]Gb|_ sf cWoIf Pjd\ Pstf ug]{ / d'2f ldNg]x?;Fu sfo{ut afnsf]6df e]6jftf{ ePsf] 5 . pQm
g/x]sf / sltko qmflGtsf/L v]dfdf / ;f] kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jnfO{ k|ltlqmofjfbL kf6L{ Pstf / geP ;+oQ' m df]rf{ agfpg k| w fgdGqL k' i ksdn bfxfn Pstf ub} { d' n ' s sf] lg/fzk" 0 f{ e]6jftf{df b]zsf] jt{dfg /fhgLlts
/x]sf kf6L{x?nfO{ klg k|efljt ug]{ v]dfdf k'us ] f] eg]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL k|of; ug'k{ g]{ lyof] . Tof] geP ;+;b\jfbL k|r08jLr lalxaf/ e]6jftf{ ePsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ lr/]/ cl3 a9\g] lg0f{o cj:yf / hghLljsfsf ljifodf
k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 . ;+;f/df hxfF klg s]Gb|sf cWoIf bfxfnnfO{ k|wfgdGqL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?;Fu kf6L{ Pstf jf 5 . pQm e] 6 jftf{ d f ;/sf/ / u/];uF } g]skfn] ljleGg /fhgLlts 5nkmn ePsf] / tL ;d:of ;dfwfg
/fhgLlt ls bfofF ls afofF rNg] ub{5 . agfpg u7aGwg u/]sf cGo bnx? df]rf{ agfpg' kg]{ lyof] . Tof] klg geP/ g]skfaLr ePsf] # a'bF ] ;xdltcg';f/ bnsf g]tfx?;Fusf] e]63f6nfO{ tLj|tf ug{ ;femf kxn ug]{ ;xdlt;d]t
s;}n] klg ljzfn ;d'b|sf b'O{ wdfwd k|d bfxfnk|lt g} ljdlt dfcf] j fbL s] G b| lg/Gt/ g] k fnL g]skfsf g]tf–sfo{stf{x?sf] l/xfO{ / lbPsf] 5 . ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . pQm e]6jftf{df
lsgf/fnfO{ Ps agfpg ;Qm}g . t/, hgfpFb} ;/sf/af6 aflx/ hfg yfn]sf sf+u; ]| ;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{ s'/fdf s]lGb|t d'2fx? lkmtf{ ug]{af/] ePsf ;xdlt o;}qmddf dx;lrj ljKnj / tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt sfof{GjognfO{
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] k|of; ;a}lt/ xft 5g\ . /fli6«o :jtGq kf6L{n] To;sf] /xFb} uPsf sf/0f ca ;f] kf6L{
xfn]/ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o /fhgLltnfO{ ;"qkft u/]sf] 5 . Ps} k6s Pdfn] / qmflGtsf/L wf/df cfpg] s'g} ;+efjgf
lg/Gt/ wldnf] agfpg]df s]lGb|t /x]sf] g]kfnL sf+u; ]| ;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ ul/Psf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . x'g t ;f] kf6L{n] )&%
b]lvPsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df dfcf]jfbL k|of;sf sf/0f b'a} kf6L{ k|wfgdGqL h]7 tLg ut] Pdfn];uF kf6L{ Pstf
s]Gb|sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfnn] bfxfn;Fu ;z+lst ag]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ub}{ dfcf]jfb 5fl8;s]sf] cj:yf xf] .
ut;ftf a;]sf] ;f] kf6L{sf] :yfoL ;Qf u7aGwgdf /x]/ klg h;kf / To;}u/L )&& r}t Psut]sf] a}7sd}
;ldltsf] a}7sdf AoQm u/]sf s'/fx?n] gful/s pGd'lQm kf6L{ bfxfn g]tT[ jsf] cWoIf bfxfnn] kf6L{sf] gfdaf6
klg pk/f]Qm s'/fsf] k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/df hfg dflg/x]sf 5}gg\ . /fk|kf …dfcf]jfbLÚ zAb x6fpg] k|:tfj
pxfFn] ;f] a}7sdf cfkm\gf] kf6L{ rf}tkmL{ / k| w fgdGqL bfxfnsf aLrdf ug'e { Psf] lyof] .
3] / faGbL, /fhgLlts bfpk] r / c;dem\bf/L 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]lvg ca km]l/ kf6L{sf] gfdaf6 klg
if8\oGqdf k/]sf] / To;nfO{ l5rf]Nb} yfn]sf] 5 . l;s] /fpt g]t[Tjsf] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| 5f8\g] / r'gfj lrGxaf6
;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j lng ;kmn ePsf] hgdt kf6L{sf jt{dfg ;/sf/k|ltsf xFl;of xyf}8f x6fpg] s'/fx? cfPsf / lg0f{ox? cufl8 a9fpg, d'n'ssf] k|jQmf k|sf08n] o;cl3 k|wfgdGqL lgisif{df k'¥ofpg g]skfsf g]tfdfly
atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] kf6L{n] a}7ssf] c;Gt'li6x? ;dfrf/sf] ahf/df 5g\ . ut d+l;/ $ sf] lgjf{rgtfsf hl6n / ;+s6k"0f{ cfly{s /fhgLlts k|r08, Pdfn] cWoIf s]kL zdf{ cf]nL, nufOPsf d'2f tTsfn vf/]h ug{ /
lg0f{oaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg hf/L u/]sf] 5tf5'Nn ePsf 5g\ . klg ;dfhjfbL s]Gb| lgdf{0fsf] k|of; kl/l:ylt, g]kfndf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL ;dfhjfbLsf cWoIf s0f{hLt aGbL g]tf–sfo{stf{ tTsfn l/xf ug]{
cflGts kl/kqdf klg uDeL/ r'gf}tL ;Qf u7aGwgdf Pdfn] /x];Dd ePsf] elgPsf] lyof] . h'g gofF / zlQmx?sf] gofF cfwf/df a'9fyf]sL -;'zLn_ nufotsf sDo'lg:6 ljifodf ;d]t 5nkmn ePsf] /
/ cj;/aLr cfk" m x? ;/sf/ PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL ;/sf/df hfg u7aGwg ag];uF } /f]lsof] . ca gofF w|j' Ls/0fsf] P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfaf/] g]tfx¿;Fu e]6jftf{ ul/;s]sf 5g\ . Pdfn]sf cWoIf Pjd\ k"jk{ w| fgdGqL
;~rfngsf] cj:yfdf k'us ] f] pNn]v dflg/x]sf] 5}g . ;DejtM Pdfn]nfO{ ;Qf u7aGwg ;+s6df k/];uF } km]l/ jfd 5nkmn ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . o:t} o;cl3 cfOtaf/ ;fFem g]kfn cf]nLn] o; ljifodf cfk"m ;sf/fTds
ul/Psf] hfgsf/L ;fa{hlgs ePsf] 5 . u7agwgaf6 gx6fP;Dd g]kfnL ;dfhjfbL s]Gb|sf] s'/f p7g yfn]sf] k| w fgdGqL k| r 08n] # a' F b ] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj, ePsf] tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt sfof{Gjgsf
h;df k|ltudsf/L zlQmx?af6 ljleGg sf+u|]; klg ;/sf/df hfg tof/ 5 . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIfn] ptf ;xdltcg' ; f/ g] s kfsf g] t f– k|jQmf k|sf08 / k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn lglDt cfjZos kxn ug]{ atfPsf]
e|d hfnem]n, if8\oGq / u0ftGq / gxf]nf . o;/L ;ftj6f kf6L{sf] jfd nf]stflGqs u7aGwgsf s'/f klg sfo{stf{x?sf] l/xfO{ / d'2fx? lkmtf{ bfxfn k|r08aLr k|wfgdGqL lgjf; atfOPsf] 5 .
;+3Lotf lj/f]wL ljleGg cfjfh cfpg ;dy{gdf b]zsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v 5f8\g' ePsf] 5}g . o;/L pxfFn] Ps} ug]{af/] /fhgLlts / sfg'gL k|lqmof afn'jf6f/df e]6jftf{ ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
yfn]sf] pNn]vub}{ )^# sf] kl/jt{gsf x'ge' Psf bfxfnn] Ps} k6s bfofF–afofF k6s b'a} xftdf n8\8s ' f] ;kgf b]Vg' cufl8 a9fpg ;/sf/ ;sf/fTds pQm e] 6 jftf{ d f b] z sf] uDeL/ dxf;lrj ljKnj / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL
pknlAw hf]ufpg lqmofzLn /xg'kg]{ ;a}lt/ cFufnf] xfNg vf]Hbf ;Qf /fhgLltdf Tolt :jfefljs s'/f ePsf] atfOPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts cj:yf / hgtfsf] hl6n ;dfhjfbL_ dxf;lrj s0f{ h Lt
cfjZostf /x]sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . /fhgLlt ;+ s 6u| : t ePsf] 5 . dflg+bg} . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|, PsLs[t ;/sf/ / g]skfaLr # a'bF ] ;xdlt ;d:ofsf] af/]df 5nkmn ePsf] a'9fyf]sL ;'zLnaLr d+unaf/ ;fFem
h;df cWoIf bfxfnn] cfk"mn] rfn]sf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|n] g]kfnL sf+u; ]| nfO{ ;dfhjfbL, g];kf / h;kfsfaLrdf ePsf] sl/a @ jif{ k'Ug nfUbf;d]t atfOPsf] 5 . pQm e]6jftf{df qmflGt e]6jftf{ ePsf] 5 . b]zsf] ljBdfg
rf}tkmL{ sbdn] Psflt/ cfkm\gf] g]tT[ jdf /fi6«klt kbdf k'¥ofpg h'g v]n ;DaGw ;'wf/ / ;xsfo{sf] ljifodf klg g] k fn sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ s f g] t f– / kl/jt{gsf cfGbf]nglj?4 eO/fv]sf cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;+s6, ;d;fdlos
;/sf/ u7g ug{ ;kmn ePsf] / v]ln/x]sf] 5, To;n] ;f] kf6L{nfO{ w]/} k6s s'/fx? ePsf 5g\ . t/, To;n] sfo{ s tf{ s f gfddf /fhgLlts if8\oGqsf ljifodf ;d]t uDeL/ /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt, b'O{ sDo'lg:6
csf{ l t/ ;du| kf6L{ / cfd cfufdL kmfu'g @% ut] x'g] /fi6«kltsf] s'g} pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvPsf] cf:yfsf cfwf/df nufOPsf d'2fx? 5nkmn ePsf] / tL ;d:of ;dfwfg kf6L{x?aLrsf] sfo{ut Pstf / ;+oQ' m
hg;d'bfodf ;sf/fTds k|efj kf/]sf] lgjf{rg nuQ} ;/sf/ aflx/ k'¥ofpg 5}g . PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLn] d+l;/ $ cem} lkmtf{ lnOPsf] 5}g eg] #( hgf ug{ ;femf kxn ug]{ ;xdlt;d]t ePsf] df]rf{sf] ljifodf b'O{ g]tfx¿aLr
AofVof laZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; ug'e{ Psf] ;Sg] ;+st] x? b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . sf] lgjf{rgkl5 dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|;uF kf6L{ sfo{stf{x? cem} h]ndf /x]sf 5g\ . lyof] . pQm e]6jftf{df tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt s'/fsfgL ePsf] g]skf s]lGb|o ;b:o
b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u; ]| n] /fi6«klt kb lht] klg Pstf gug]{ eGb} cf}krfl/s aStAog} o;}aLr, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf sfof{GjognfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg cl8u ;Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
To;}u/L jt{dfg ;/sf/sftkm{af6 dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nfO{ ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ jaf6 ;fa{hlgs ul/;s]sf] / cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] dxf;lrj ljKnj, k|jQmf k|sf08 / g]skfsf g]tfdfly nufOPsf d'2f e]63f6sf qmddf g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6
k]; ul/Psf] ;femf Go"gtd sfo{qmd, x6fpg] k|of; x'g] 5 eg] glht] klg dxflwj]zg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] cj:yf 5 g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ;dfhjfbLsf tTsfn vf/]h ug{ / aGbL g]tf– cfGbf]ngnfO{ w|j' Ls[t ug{ / qmflGtsf/L
;+;bdf k|wfgdGqL bfxfnsf] klxnf] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| / g]sf+sf aLrsf] dfof– eg] g];kfn] /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rgkl5 dfq cWoIf dfwjs' d f/ g] k fnaLr sfo{stf{ tTsfn l/xf ug]{ ljifodf ;d]t sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?aLr ;xsfo{ /
;Daf]wg / ljZjf;sf] dt lnFbf hfn 6'6g\ ] b]lvPsf] 5 . cfk"mnfO{ h;n] kf6L{ Pstf jf ;xsfo{sf] s'/f cufl8 ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf] s]lGb|o sfof{nodf 5nkmn ePsf] atfOPsf] lyof] eg] Pstfsf nflu kxn lng] ;dembf/L
ul/Psf] ;Daf]wgn] ;/sf/ /fi6«, ;+;bsf] t]>f] kf6L{ x'bF fx'bF } ;/sf/sf] a9fpg] eg]sf] 5 . /fi6«kltdf 8f= lalxjf/ a]ns ' f e]6jftf{ ePsf] xf] . ;lxb, a]kQf / 3fOt] of]4fx?sf] ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
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x'gd' f b[i6fGt k|:t't ug{k' 5{ . lsgeg] dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/L p2]ZonfO{ a9fpFb} /fd|/L bIftf xfl;n ug}k{ 5{ / hgtflGqs lbg' / 7'N7'nf uNtL eO;s]kl5 dfq x]g{ ] ;+3 nf]s ;]jf cfof]u, ;fdfGotof o"kLP;;Lsf] ¿kdf rlr{t 5 . o"kLP;;L
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dfq cl3 nDsg] s'/fdf 3R3RofO/xG5 . kf6L{ / /fHosf] g]tT[ j /xG5 ls /xFbg} , x'gk' 5{ . pgLx? c? ;+;lbo kf6L{ h:tf] sfo{stf{x?k|lt ;Demfpg] a'emfpg] nfv hlQ ljBfyL{ ;xefuL x'G5g\ .
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ug{k' 5{, ;w}eF l/ pgLx?n] hgtfsf lzio dxTjk"0f{ ;jfn xf], xfd|f] kf6L{ / b]zsf] cfˆgf] gLltdf nfu" ug{k' g]{ l;4fGt Pp6f pgLx?sf] lj/f]wdf ;lhn}l;t ;+3if{ 5]8g ldg]6;Dd ;+rfng x'G5 . :gfts /]s8{ k/LIff Ps dfgsLs[t k/LIff xf], h'g
tyf lzIfs aGg'k5{ . lglDt hLjg / d/0fsf] ;jfn xf] . of] sfo{stf{ kf6L{sf] gLltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ vf]Hg' uNtL xf] . ;+oQ ' m /fHo cd]l/sf / Sofg8f;Fu} cGo s]xL b]zx¿df w]/} :gfts k9fpg]
hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngdf sfd ul//x]sf ;o / xhf/ dfq xf]Og b; xhf/ b[9 5 5}g, kf6L{ cg'zf;gnfO{ kfng kfrf},+ pgLx?sf sl7gfOdf d2t ljBfnox¿df k|jz ] ug{sf nflu lbg'k5{ . lhcf/P z}lIfs k/LIf0f ;]jfåf/f
k|To]s sDo'lg:6n] hgtfsf] ;fyL jif{;DdnfO{, PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] u5{ ub}g{ , hgtfl;t p;sf] ulx/f] ;Dks{ u/ . la/fdL kgf{n,] cfly{s ;Í6n] cyjf :jfldTj / k|zfl;t x'G5 . o;df x/]s jif{ & nfv ljBfyL{x¿n] k/LIff lbG5g\ .
aGg'gk' 5{, pgLx?sf] dflns aGg] xf]Og, p2]Zosf] lglDt cfwf/e"t dxTjsf] ;jfn 5 5} g , p;df cfˆgf] l:ylt 3/]n' c? b'Mvn] ubf{ cfktdf k/]sf cGo k/LIffx¿ lgDgfg' ; f/ /x] s f 5g\
c;n u'? aGg'k5{ / gf]s/zfxL xf] . ;f]leot ;+3df cfPsf] kl/jt{gdf :jtGqtfk"js { klxNofpg ;Sg] ;fdYo{ sfo{stf{nfO{ xfdLn] hlt ;Sof] plt a9tf ;LPkmP -rf6{8{ ljQLo ljZn]ifs_–;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf / Sofg8fdf
/fhgLlt1 xf]Og . sDo'lg:6x?n] e/ k/]/, ;fd|fHojfbL eljiojQmf 5 5}g / p ;lqmo, d]xgtL / lgM:jfly{ x]/ljrf/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . sfo{stf{x?sf] klxn] ;'? eof] .
ax';V+ os hg;d'bfosf] dfemaf6 slxNo} egfpFbfx? h;/L lrlgofF sDo'lg:6 5 5}g eGg] xf] . æu'0f x]/L dflg;x?nfO{ /fd|/L x]/ljrf/ ug]{ tl/sf oxL xf] . ;fFRr} ;L;LcfO;L -l;:sf] k|dfl0ft OG6/g]6js{ ljz]if1_–;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf
cnlUug' x'bF g} PSnf] k/]sf s]xL k|ultzLn kf6L{sf] t];f| ] jf rf}yf] k':tf æzflGtk"0f{ egf{ ug{Æ' eGg] gLlt oxL xf] . ;fd'lxs g} ;+oQ' m / hg;d"xl;t ;DaGw hf]8s ] f] hLP6LP k/LIff -OlGhlgol/ªdf :gfts of]Uotf k/LIf0f_ –ef/t
;d"xx?nfO{ cl3 ;f/]/ ax';+Vos ljsf;Æ sf] cfzf u/]sf lyP dfcf]n] oL pTkfbg >ddf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ efu lng g]tT[ jbfoL ;d"x hg;+3if{sf] qmddf dfq PdP;PnO k/LIff -;+oQ' m /fHo d]l8sn nfO;]lG;ª k/LIff_–;+oQ' m /fHo cd]l/sf
hg;d"xsf] a]jf:tf ug{x' bF ' g} . hg;d"xsf] ;fd|fHojfbL eljiojf0fLnfO{ rsgfr'/ nufpg] Joj:yfnfO{ sfod /fVg' cfjZos qmdzM ;lqmo aGg ;S5 o;af6 cnu Soflnkmf]lg{of af/ k/LIff–;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf
@)&( ;fn df3 @( ut] cfOtaf/ 5

Mars Planet God sf] j}1flgs cGj]if0f


d+ u n u| x df lr7\ 7 L
Ps hgf kfFr jif{] afnsn]
d+un u|xdf clxn] hLljt j:t'
e]l6Psf 5}gg\ . gfzfn] s/f]8f}F jif{
?Kfdf d+un u|xdf g} a:g] 5g\ .
5g]f6 ePsf ! ;o hgf dWo] %)
d+un u|xdf /xFbf ;fd'lxs ?kdf
hf]lvd axg ug{] Ifdtf / ;Lk
bfaLnfO{ k'li6 ug{ kof{Kt /x]sf]
lhls/ pgsf] /x]sf] 5 . k|fWofks
pSt ;d'bs | f] cjz]if clxn] klg
afFsL /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . d+un
cRfDdsf] k|Zg ;f]w/] kq k7fP klg klxn] d+undf hLjg /x]sf] t/ hgf dlxnf tyf %) hgf k'?if nufotsf ljifodf s]lGb|t x'g] a]g/n] cfˆgf] o;;DaGwL u|xsf] xfO l/hf]n; ' g t:jL/sf]
kl5 a]nfotsf] zfxL x'nfs r'DasLo If]qdf crfgs kl/jt{g /x]sf 5g\ . 5gf]6 x'g]x?df rogstf{ gf]a6{ qmfˆ6n] atfPsf zf]wkqnfO{ cf;Gg j}1flgs ljZn]if0faf6 zf]wstf{x?n] o:tf]
ljefusf sd{rf/Lx?sf] kl;gf cd]l/sf dxfb]zsf #( hgf, 5g\ . ;fy} pgLx?nfO{ k[YjLs} s'g} ;Dd]ngdf k|:t't ub{}5g\ . pgn] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf x'g\ . o:f}aLr
5'6\of] . eljiodf cGtl/If ofqL o'/f]ksf #! tyf Pl;ofsf !^ hgf 7fpFdf d+un u|x h:t} jftfj/0f d+un u|xdf clxn] klg lhjsf] d+un u|xsf] cg';Gwfgsf nflu Ps
aGg] ;kgf af]s]sf cf]nLe/ /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} clk|msfaf6 & ePsf] :yfg lgdf{0f u/L ;f]xL pTklQ x'gsf nflu cfjZos kg{] jif{ kl5 k7fOPsf] So'/f]l;6L
lul8+U;n] ;f]ws ] f] k|Zgsf] hjfkm hgf / cf];]lgofaf6 & hgf 7fpFdf d+un u|xdf dfgj h:tL jftfj/0f sfod /x]sf] x'g ;Sg] /f]a/n] Ps lsnf]ld6/ b"/L to ub]{
lbgsf nflu /f]on d]nn] cd]l/sL dflg;x?sf] d+un cleofgsf] a;fNg] of]hgf df;{ jfgsf] 5 . ljZjf; ;d]t u/]sf 5g\ . sLlt{dfg agfPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{
cGtl/If ;+:yf gf;fnfO{ g} u'xfg'{ clGtd ! ;odf 5gf]6 x'g ;kmn k[ Y jLsf k| f 0fL d+ u n u| x af6 d+un u|xdf ;d'b| /x]sf] k'li6 cu:6 % df d+un u|xsf] ;txdf
k¥of] . d+un u|xdf lr7L k7pgsf ePsf 5g\ . cfPsf] bfjL j}1flgs tyf vuf]nzf:qLx?n] plqPsf] So'/f]l;6L ca d+un u|xsf]
nflu slt vr{ nfU5 < eGg] k|Zg 5gf]6 x'g]x?df l5d]sL b]z k[YjLdf cl:tTjdf /x]sf k|f0fL d+un u|xdf kfgL /x] g/x]sf], Un]gu] eGg] If]qdf hfg]5 h'g
;f]lwPsf] afnssf] kq k9]kl5 ef/tsf # hgf / kfls:tfgsf Ps tyf jg:kltsf] vf; pTklQ hLJfgsf] ;Defjgf /x] g/x]sf] clxn]sf] 7fpFeGbf * lsnf]ld6/
x'nfssf sd{rf/L tyf xflsdx? hgf /x]sf 5g\ . 5gf]6 x'g] k[YjLdf geP/ d+un u|xdf ePsf] ljifodf nfdf] ;dob]lv vf]h 6f9f 5 . ToxfFF uP/ So'/f]l;l6n]
6fpsf] sGofpg afWo eP . ef/tLox?df cd]l/sfdf cd]l/sL j}1flgsx?n] bfjL u/]sf cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf 5g\ . d+un d+un u|xsf] jftfj/0f s;/L
cGTodf h'lQm lgsfn]/ pgLx?n]
gf;f ;fd' of] k|Zg k]l| ift u/] /
ldng cfkmGt ljBfafl/lw ul//x]sf @( jif{sf
tGqlht l;+x efl6of, b'jd } f a:b}
5g\ . hLjsf] pTkltsf nflu
cfjZos tTj s]jn d+un u|xsf]
u|xdf nfvf}F jif{ klxn] ;d'b| /x]sf]
eGg] vfnsf sygx?df j}1flgsx?
ablnPsf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] cWoog
ug]{5 .
hjfkm kfP . clg ;f]xL hjfkm tL cfpFbf jfo'd08n gi6 x'g k'uL ePsL @( jif{sL l/lstf l;+x / ;txdf dfq /x]sf]n] clxn] k[YjLdf Psdt gePsf eP klg d+un d+ u n u| x df ‘ck| R o' l g6L’ sf]
afnsnfO{ k7fOof] . h;df d+un hLJfgljxLg ag]sf] atfPsf] s]/nfsf !( jlif{of zf/bf k|;fb /x]sf lhjsf] ljp d+un u|xaf6} u|xdf kfgL c+z /x]sf] ljleGg /] s 8{
n]lvPsf] lyof] ls d+un u|xdf 5 . d+un u|xsf] jfo'd08n k[YjLsf] /x]sf 6fOD; ckm Ol08ofn] k[YjLdf cfPsf] bfaL tL cg';Gwfgn] b]vfPsf 5g\ . t/, cd]l/sL cGtl/If Ph]G;L
lr7L k7fpg !! xhf/ ^)@ eGbf !)) u'0ffn] kftnf] 5 . ;fy} hgfPsf] 5 . To:t} clGtd ! j}1flgsx?sf] /x]sf] 5 . e'/– kl5Nnf] cg';Gwfgn] eg] d+un gf;fsf] …ck/Ro'lg6LÚ /f]a6n]
bzdnj @% kfp08 vr{ nfU5 . clxn];DDf OlhK6sf] luhfdf /x]sf] ;ohgf 5gf]6 x'g] Ps dfq ue{;fogljb\ :6]e]g a]g/sf cg';f/ u|xdf ca}+{ klxn] ljzfn ;d'Gb| d+un u|xdf w]/} b"/L;Dd 3'Dg]
of] eg]sf] g]kfnL ?k}ofF !( nfv #) /f]a6sf] /]s8{ agfPsf] 5 .
xhf/ hlt xf] .
afnsnfO{ k7fOPsf] hjfkmdf
d+un u|xdf k7fpg] kqsf] tf}nsf]
cfwf/df /sddf 36–a9 x'g ;Sg]
pNNf]v 5 / To;df k[YjL /
lj1fgsf dfGotfx?
k|sl[ tsf] :j?k -;+;f/sf] :j?k_ hfGg] lh1f;f / cfjZostfaf6 lj1fgsf] cfb]zdf rNg] of] ;+;f/ klg /x:odo, c1]o / dfgjsf] IfdtfeGbf dfly 5 eGg]
gf;fsf cg';f/ cfsflzo lk08df
dfgj lgld{t ofgåf/f olt w]/} b"/L
k|of]u u/]sf] of] g} klxnf] xf] . ;g\
@))% df /ftf] u|x ( d+un u|xdf
k'u]sf] /f]a6 ;f}o{ phf{af6
:j?Kf hGd / ljsf; ePsf] xf] . ;Dk"0f{ lj1fg of] a|Xdf08nfO{ -;+;f/nfO{_ ljZjf; ul/GYof] . kmn:j?k of] ;+;f/nfO{ -k|sl[ tnfO{_ hfGg], o;sf] :j?ksf]
d+unaLrsf] b"/L %^ s/f]8 !) ;~rflnt 5 . o;n] sl/a $)
hfGg ;lsG5 cyjf ;+;f/ af]wuDo 5 eGg] wf/0ffdf cfwfl/t 5 . xfd|f] af/]df cWoog–cg';Gwfg ug{] k|oTg ul/Pg . To;sf/0f of] k|fs[lts hutsf]
nfv lsnf]ld6/ kf/ ug{sf nflu lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/L k'/f u/]sf] 5 .
b}lgs lrGtg -;fdfGo r]tgf_ OlGb|ox?åf/f k|fKt cg'ejx?d} ;Gt'i6 x'G5 . 1fg k|Kt ug{] lbzfdf klxnf] dxTjk"0f{ sbd xf]– of] ;+;f/ e}flts :j?ksf] 5 EfGg]
/s]6nfO{ nfUg] OGwg vr{nufotsf k"j{ ;f]leot ;+3 ?;n] k7fPsf]
t/, Pp6f j}1flgs r]tgf cyjf j}1flgs lbdfu o; k|sf/sf 1fgx?af6 dfGotf . cyf{t of] ;+;f/ s'g} b}jL ;Qfdf cfwfl/t 5}g, of] :jtGq / :jlge{/
vr{ hf]l8Psf] klg hfgsf/L ngf]vf]b –@ /f]a6n] k"/f u/]sf]
;Gt'i6 x'Fb}g, lsgeg] ltgLx?df tfls{s Pstf jf ;+uLtsf] cefj x'G5 . 5 . of] ;+;f/sf] cfwf/ kbfy{ (Matter) xf] / kbfy{ :jo+df k"0f{ tyf ;j{zlQmdfg
lbOPsf] 5 . !! xhf/ kfp08 b"/LeGbf gf;fsf] of]/f]a6n] to
j}1flgs lrGtg OlGb|ohGo 1fgeGbf k/ jf:tljs ;Todf k'Ug rfxG5, h'g 5 . of] j}1flgs dfGotf lj1fgsf] ljsf;df cToGt} lg0ff{os lyof] / clxn];Dd
/sd ! ;o u|fd tf}nsf] kqsf u/]sf] b"/L w]/} xf] . /f]a6n] ^
oyfy{ lgTo / ts{;Fut x'G5 . of] b[Zo?k eGbf k/ ;f/df, 36gfeGbf k/ /lx/x]sf] 5 . h:tf] sL dxfg j}1flgs cNa6{ cfOG:6fOgn] eg]sf 5g\–æ;Dk"0f{
nflu/x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . ;fy}F dlxgfdf #( lsnf] ld6/sf] b"/L
d"n sf/0fdf k'Ug rfxG5 . o;n] ;bf tfls{s JofVofsf] ck]Iff ub{5 . k|sl[ t lj1fgsf] cfwf/ b|i6faf6 :jtGq afXo ;+;f/df ljZjf; xf] .Æ
d+un u|xdf k7fpg] kqsf] vfd k"/f u/]sf] ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf]
To;}u/L o;n] ljljwtfdf Pstf, cJoj:yfdf Joj:yf clgTodf lgTo / @= lgoldttfsf dfGotf
aflx/ !* xhf/ $!^ j6f klxnf] 5 . s}lnkmf]lg{of l:yt gf;fsf]
clgoldttfdf lgoldttfsf] vf]hL ub{5 . ljutdf nfdf] ;do;DDf lj1fgsf] dfgjnfO{ k|sl[ tsf] cWoog–cg';Gwfg lg/Gt/ k|l] /t ul//xg] s'/f k|sl[ t
>]0fLsf x'nfs l6s6 tyf @! xhf/ h}6 k|f]kNzg n} af]/]6/L (
ljsf; ePg . sf/0f To;a]nf s] dflgGYof] eg] a|Xdf08sf] k|To]s If]qdf lgodfg'zfl;t, qmda4, Jojl:yt / ;'';+ut 5 eGg] dfGotf xf] . of]
$^^ j6f bf];f| ] >]0fLsf x'nfs l6s6 h]kLPnsf] df;{ PS;Knf]/]zg /f]a6
O{Zj/Lo ;Qfsf] zf;g 5, h'g c1ft / ckl/jt{gLo 5 . To;df dfgjsf] dfGotfcg';f/ k|s[ltleq jf a|Xd08leq Pp6f lgod 5, h;af6 ;Dk"0f{
6fF:g'kg{] klg pgn] atfPsf 5g\ . k|f]h]S6sf k|jGws hf]g s}nf;n]
a'l4 / k|of;n] s'g} k|efj k'¥ofpg ;Sb}g . t/, kl5 lj:tf/–lj:tf/ s]xL j:t'x? / 36gfx? ;~rflnt x'G5g\ . cyf{t k|sl[ tdf lgod 5, Joj:yf 5 /
Nof+s;fo/df cfˆgf] a'jfcfdf tyf ck|Ro'lgl6n] to u/]sf] b"/L
lglZrt j}1flgs dfGotfx? :yflkt eP, ta lj1fgsf] ljsf; tLa| ultdf ;+ult 5 . cNa6{ cfOG:6fOgsf] egfOdf æof] ;+ultnfO{ k|fKt ug{] rfxgf g}
bfO;Fu} a:b} cfPsf clne/n] x'nfs pNn]vgLo /x]sf] atfP .
x'g yfNof] . o;k|sf/ lj1fgsf] ljsf; s]xL lglZrt j}1flgs dfGotfx?sf] c;Lldt w}o{ / b[9tfsf] ;|f]t xf] .Æ
ljefusf] hjfkmL kq kfP;Fu} v';L ck/Ro'lg6LnfO{ p;n] Ps
cfwf/df ePsf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ lj1fg tyf tfls{s lrGtgdf cGtlg{lxt cfwf/e"t hd{g vuf]nzf:qL tyf ul0ft1 hf]xfG;\ s]Kn]/n] cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg
JoQm ub{} eg] cf]xf], lgs} w]/} /sdsf] lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/L to ubf{sf]
dfGotf s] xf] eg] ef}lts hutsf] cl:tTj 5, j:t'ut hutnfO{ lgodg ug{] ;f}o{ k|0ffnLsf] cWoog–cg';Gwfgdf latfPsf lyP . pgnfO{ To;/L lg/Gt/ -
kf] /x]5 . pQ/ lbPsf]df wGojb cWoognfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ lgdf{0f
lgodx?nfO{ a'em\g ;Dej 5 / of] a|Xdf08 k|fs[lts lgodåf/f zfl;t 5 . cgj/t_ pTk|]l/t ug{] s'/f of] a|Xdf08sf] -;f}o{ k|0ffnLsf]_ ;+ultsf] dfGotf
/fon d]n, k9\bf /dfOnf nfUof] . ul/Psf] pgn] atfP .
j}1flgs lrGtgsf] ;xL cf/De txb]lv x'G5, ha dflg;x?n] skf]nslNkt lyof] . pgsf] s] ljZjf; lyof] eg] ;f}o{ k|0ffnLsf ^ u|xx?sf] aLrdf lglZrt
d+ u n u| x df d' ; f ck/Ro'lg6Ln] ca d+un u|xdf
s'/fx?nfO{ kl/xf/ ug{ ;Sb5g\ / k|sl[ tsf] Pp6f tfls{saf]w k|fKt ug{] k|oTg ;DaGw jf ;+ult 5, h;nfO{ Hofldltsf] l;4fGtåf/f JofVof ug{ ;lsG5 .
5]kf/f], rDrf, cem b]jtfs} …O+8Lj/Ú gfds qm]6/ vfN6f]df
ub{5g\ . To;} a]nf]b]lv ef}lts / cflTds aGwgx?af6 dfgjsf] d'lQmsf] nfdf] k|oTgkl5 cGttM pgn] Tof] ;+utL jf ;DAfGw e]§fO5f8] / To;nfO{ tLg
cg';f/, a'4sf] d"lt{, Ps dlxnf vf]Hf ug]{5 . o;sf] csf]{ gofF
nflu jf:tljs ;+3if{ cf/De x'G5 . ljutdf nfdf] ;do;Dd lj1fgsf] ljsf; lgodx?df ;"qa4 u/] . ltg} lgodx? cfh …u|xultsf lgodx?Ú (Laws
clg clxn] d+un u|xdf lvlrPsf] lkF9Lsf] /f]af]l6s k|lt?k
x'g ;s]g . sf/0f To;a]nf of] hut;DaGwL lglZrt j}1flgs dfGotfx?sf] of Planetary Motion) jf …s]Kn/sf lgodx?Ú sf] ?kdf k|l;4 5g\ .
tl:a/df d';f e]l6Psf] rrf{ …So"/f]l;6LÚ /f]a6nfO{ ;g\ @)!@
ljsf; ePsf] lyPg . dflg;x? clwsf+ztM s]jn ;xhaf]w, ljZjf;, /x:o, #= cGt;{ D AfGwsf] dfGotf
rn]sf] 5 . d+un u|xsf] u]n df 5f8L ;lsPsf] 5 . of] d+un
rdTsf/ tyf b}aL;Qfsf] cfb]zåf/f lgb{l] zt lyP . ;Dk"0f{ k|fs[lts 36gfx?nfO{ of] a|Xdf08nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 eGg] wf/0ffsf] nflu csf{] cfwf/ cGt;{DAfGwsf]
qm]6/df So'l/cf]l;6L /f]e/n] u|xdf u]n gfds qm]6/sf] cf;kf;
O{Zj/åf/f lgolGqt, cnf}lss, /x:odo, cfsl:ds tyf :j]R5frf/L dfGg] dfGotf xf] . sf/0faf6 sfo{ / sfo{af6 sf/0f hfGg ;lsG5 . lsgeg] ltgLx?
lvr]sf] tl:a/df d';f h:tf] 3'ld/x]sf] 5 .
k|rng lyof] . t/, lj:tf/} j}1flgs dfGotfx?sf] ljsf; eof] . kmn:j?k cGt;{DAflGwt 5g\ . a|Xdf08sf ;Dk"0f{ j:t'x? / 36gfx? cGt;{DalGwt
cfs[lt b]lvPsf] 5 . XjfO6 gfdsf d+ u n u| x af/] hfgsf/L
lj1fgsf] ljsf; ltj| ultn] x'g yfNof] . tL dfGotfx? x'g\– 5g\ . oxFf x/]s j:t' jf 36gf csf]{ x/]s j:Tf' jf 36gf;Fu k|ToIf jf
Ps JolQmn gfzfn] d+undf lnPsf] d+un u|xsf] ;txdf w]/} dfqfdf
!_ ef}ltstfsf] dfGotf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;DalGwt x'G5 . k|ToIf ?kdf leGg b]lvg] j:t'x? tyf
tl:a/ x]b}{ ubf{ Ps tl:j/df d';f cfO/g cS;fO8 ePsf]n] of] u|xsf]
@_ lgoldttfsf] dfGotf / 36gfx? cfGtl/s ?Kfdf ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . kmn:j?k s'g} Pp6f j:t' jf
h:tf] cfs[lt e]6]sf x'g\ . b[li6e|d ;tx /ftf] b]lvG5, To; sf/0f
#_ cGt;{DAfGwsf] dfGotf 36gfsf] 1fgsf] dfWodaf6 csf{] j:t' jf 36gfnfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 .
ePsf] klg x'g;Sg] atfpFb} o;nfO{ /ftf] u|x klg elgG5 . of]
!_ ef} l tstfsf] dfGotf cGt;{DaGwsf] dfGotfaf6} sf/0f –sfo{sf] lgod ag]sf] xf], h;cg';f/ sf/0flagf
XjfO6n] u]n qm]6/sf] tl:a/ ;"o{b]lv sl/a @@, &(, $), %))
lj1fgsf] cf/De of] cfwf/e't wf/0ffaf6 x'G5–j:t'ut ;+;f/sf] cl:tTj 5 / s'g} sfo{ x'bF g} . k|sl[ tdf b]lvg] ljjwtf Pp6} ;Qfsf ljleGg ?kx? dfq
lgofNbf d';f b]lvPsf] atfpF5g\ . ls=ld= 6f9f /x]sf] 5 . lbd]; /
Tof] xfd|f] nflu af]wuDo 5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd lj1fgsf] ljsf; x'g g;Sg'sf]\ k|yd x'g\ . To;sf/0f ;j} ?kx? cGt;{DalGwt 5g\ . sfo{–sf/0f ;DaGwsf] cltl/Qm
of] tl:a/ @& cS6f]a/df kmfjf]; b'Oj{ 6f pku|x ePsf]
sf/0f of] ;+;f/ -k|sl[ t_ b}jLzlQmdf cfwfl/t 5 eGg] ljZjf; lyof] . To;a]nf oxfF csf{] ;DaGw klg 5 . Tof] xf]– c+z / c+zLsf] ;DaGw Û
So'l/of]l;6L /f]e/sf] bfofFtkm{sf] dª\un u|xsf] jfo'd08ndf
O{Zj/ /x:odo, c1]o / ;j{zlQmdfg 5g\, To;sf/0f pgsf] sfo{ / pgsf] …j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] /f]8DofkÚaf6
Sofd]/f k|of]u u/L hldgeGbf ^ clS;Hfg, kfgL, jfkm / sfj{g8fO
lkm6 dflyaf6 lnOPsf] xf] . lk/fld8 s;/L agfOPsf]] xf] eGg] kfls:tfgL gful/ssf] gfd of] a|Xdf08df ;'?df d+un u|xsf /x]sf] tYo k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . cS;fO8sf] afSnf] kq 5 . o;sf]
Plnogsf] b'lgofFdf rfv /fVg]sf] j}1flgsx?;Fu s'g} hjfkm 5}g . /]lugfN8 /x]sf] df;{afgsf] ;"lrdf lhjsf] pTklQ ePsf] / d+un cd]l/sfsf] Soflnkmf]lg{of OG:6Ro'6 Jof; sl/a ^&($ ls=ld 5 .
nflu of] 7"nf] d'2f eP klg gfzfn] d+ u n u| x sf] ofqf pNNf]v 5 . bf];|f] r/0fdf k'u]sf ^ u|xaf6 5'l§Psf] ljzfn pNsf;Fu ckm 6]Sgf]nf]hLsf zf]wstf{x?n] o;nfO{ cfˆgf] cIfsf] kl/qmdf ug{
of] af/]df yk cg';Gwfg u/]sf a'x'k|ltlIft tyf ax'rlr{t ;o ^) hgf dflg;x?nfO{ tL hLj k[YjL;DDf cfOk'u]sf x'g . d+un u|xdf c/af}F jif{ klxn] dfl6{g @$ 306f @& ldg]6 @# ;]sG] 8
5}g . rrf{s} s'/f ubf{ nfvf}F jif{ d+un u|xsf] PstkmL{ ofqfsf nflu cGtaf{tf{sf] dfWodaf6 hfFr u/L ;a}eGbf klxn] lhjsf]] pTklQ gfdsf] ;d'Gb| /x]sf] ;a't km]nf nfU5 eg] ;"o{sf] kl/qmdf ug{ ^*&
klxn] d+undf d+unaf;L lyP eGg] Ps ;o hgf kmfOgflni6 5gf]6 ! ;o hgf 5gf]6 ul/Psf] x'gsf nflu cfjZos 7flgPsf] k/]sf] bfJfL u/]sf x'g\ . dfl6{g lbg nfU5 .
ul/G5 . d+unsf] jftfj/0f x|f; x'Fb} ePsf 5g\ . d+un u|xdf hfgsf df;{afgn] hgfPsf] 5 . casf] df]lnA8]gd tTjsf] clS;8fOH8 ?k gfdsf] pSt ;d'b|n] d+un u|xsf] ;|f]t M lj1fgsf
uPkl5 7"nf] ;d"xdf dflg;x? nflu cfj]bg u/]sf s'n @ nfv @ 5gf]6 r/0fdf ;d"x lgdf{0f tyf d+un u|xdf /x]sf] tYo g} cfˆgf] Ps ltxfO{ efu cf]u6]sf] lyof] . rfdTsfl/s tYox?
k[YjLsf] nfOd]l/of / PG6flG6; eGg] xhf/ % ;o *^ hgf
låkdf cfPsf lyP . ;f] avt cfj]bsx?dWo]af6 t];|f] r/0fsf]
k[YjLdf dflg;x? clxn]sf] eGbf
dflyNNff] af}l4s cfoddf lyP .
ltg} d+unaf;Ln] OlhK6sf] lk/fld8
agfPsf] syf rlncfPsf] 5 . ltg
d+unaf:fLn] u/]sf] k/LIf0fn] ad{'8f
5gf]6 k|lqmof kf/ ug{ ;kmn x'g]
Ps ;ohgf JolQx?sf] ;"lr d+un
ofqfsf] dxTjfsf+IfL of]hgf
agfO/x]sf] g]b/Nof08sf] df;{ jg
gfds ;+:yfn] k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 .
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
6«ØfËun eGg] 7fpFdf clxn] kfgL
hxfh / ljdfg x/fpg] u/]sf] ;d]t
eGg] ul/G5 . tL d+unaf;L /
k[YjLaf;Lsf] kl5 ldng x'g' k'Uof] /
@)@$ af6 d+Ufn u|xdf dflg;
k7fpg ;'? ug{] of]hgf agfPsf]
df;{ agn] t];|f] r/0fsf nflu
5gf]6 ePsf ! ;ohgfDfWo]af6
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
sltko xfd|f k'vf{ d+unaf;L klg
x'g;Sg] syf lgs} rlr{t 5 . t/,
clGtd @$ hgf ofqLx?sf] rog
ug{]5 . tL @$ hgfnfO{ ^ k6sdf g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
nfOd]l/of / PG6flG6; åLk ;fFr} u/L $–$hgf d+un u|xsf] PstkmL{ kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
lyP egL kQf eg] nufOPsf] 5 . ofqfdf k7fOg] 5 / pgLx? :yfoL
6 @)&( ;fn df3 @( ut] cfOtaf/

l;dfgfdf sf“8]tf/ nufp“bf


kf6L{dfly c3f]lift k|ltaGw lyof] .
bdg / w/ks8nfO{ tLj| kfl/Fb} lyof] .
;z:q k|x/Lsf] af]8{/ cjh/e];g
kf]:6af6 s6fpg glbg] s'/f yfxf eof] .
SofDk;sf] cjnf]sg e|d0f gfd Aofg/
6fFu/] cfPsf /x]5g\ .
5 . ef/tsf] ;d|fHojfbL lu2]bl[ i6 /
g]kfnsf] ;Qfsf] nfrf/Lsf sf/0f cem}
&@) lsld tf/af/ ef/tn] nufPsf]
5 . To:t}, ef/t / Dofgdf/sf]
/fli6«otf arfpg'k5{ eGb} ul/Psf]
sfo{kl| t pT;flxt / uf}/jflGjt x'bF }
g]tf sfo{stf{ ;dfpg] / em'§f d'2f To;}n] xfdL j}slNks af6fsf] af/]df xfdLn] ToxfFF ePsf] j:t'l:ylt klg @# lhNnfsf &! :yfgdf ;Ldf l;dfgfdf klg ef/tn] kvf{n nufpg xfdL cfˆgf] sfo{:yn kmls{of}F . xfdL
nufpg] sfd tLj| kfl/Psf] lyof] . :yfgLo kf6L{;uF 5nkmndf h'6o\ f] . hfgsf/L u/fO;s]kl5 / pgLx¿ ljjfb 5 . bfr{n ' fb]lv tfKn]hª' ;Dd vfHb}5 ljZjdf y'k}| b]zdf kvf{n kmls{Psf] s]xL 3G6f g]kfnsf] ;Qfsf]
o;}aLrdf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_, s]Gb|Lo vfgf vfO;s]kl5 hËnsf] dWo ;f]d]Zj/ dlGb/ hfg] yfxf kfPkl5 u/L ^) xhf/ ^ ;do @& x]S6/ hldg nufP/ ;LdfnfO{ Jojl:yt ul/Psf] d'6s' f] 9\ofªu|f] aHof] . lbNnL b/af/sf]
;lrjfno ;b:o / If]qLo ;dGjo efuaf6 tf/ / kf]nnfO{ n}hfg] k|:tfj pgLx¿eGbf s]xL ;dokl5 uf8L s'g{ ef/tn] cltqmd0f u/]sf] 5 . !**) 5 . c;n l5d] s Ln] l;dfgfdf cfzLjf{b vf]l;g] 8/n] tTsfn} cfˆgf]
xfdLn] uof}F . tTsfnLg ;dodf ;f] a;]sf ;'/IffsdL{sf] cfFvf 5Nb} tf/
If]qdf af3 cftÍ a9\bf] /x]5 . To;}n] / kf]n af]s/] psfnf] nfUof] ;f]dZ] j/
hËnsf] dWo efuaf6 ghfg :yfgLo dlGb/ / sfF8t] f/ nufpg] :yfg l7s
kf6Ln] ;'emfj lbg'eof] . csf]{ j}slNks ljk/Lt lbzfdf kg] { ePsfn]
af6f] gePsf] / ef]lnsf] sfo{qmd h;/L eGHofªsf] bf]af6f]df s= ab|L, s=
klg ;DkGg ug{k' g]{ x'gfn] hËnsf] dWo– nlnt / s= e/t ;]G6«L a:g'eof] .
efunfO{ pkof]u ub}{ tf/ / kf]n n}hfg] xfdL tTsfnLg k|sfzg OGrfh{ s=
lg0f{o u¥of] / :yfgLo kf6L{sf] /ljsf] g]t[Tjdf $%, gDa/ lkNn/df
kyk|bz{ssf] ;fydf tf/ / kf]n af]s/] k'Uof}+ . xfdL;Fu PeLGo'h 6]lnlehgsf
lg:Sof}F . kf]n / tf/ af]s/] hËnsf] Pshgf l/kf]6/{ klg x'gx' G' Yof] . pxfFn]
dWo–efu pkof]u ub}{ hfg'kg]{ ePsf]n] xfdLnfO{ tf/af/ nufPsf] lel8of]
emf8L, sfF8f / 7'nf7'nf eF8v \ nfx¿sf] lvRg'eof] . g]kfn / ef/t b'j}sf
c6n kf08] ;fdgf ug{k' Gof] ;'/Iff r'gf}tLsf sf/0f ;'/IffsdL{af6 xfdLnfO{ hf]lug' lyof]
;ldltsf ;+ o f] h sx¿sf] a} 7 s alQ afNg gkfOg] x'bF f 3/L3/L vf]N;fdf ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iff ansf] kf]:6
lrtjgdf a:g] lgwf] eof] ;'/Iff kl/GYof] slxn] sf8f clg slxn] le/ glhs} lyof] To;}n] xfdLn] pxfFnfO{
r'gf}tLnufot ljifonfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ o:tfvfn] emGem6x¿nfO{ em]Nb} ;Ldf nfOe eg] gug{ eGof}F . $% gDa/
a} 7 s Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd] j f/L ;'/Iff ansf] cjh/e];g kf]:6 sf6]/ lkNn/df tf/af/ nufO/xFbf df8Lsf
cfOk/]sf] lyof] k"j–{ klZrdnufot kf]n / tf/nfO{ emf8Ldf n'sfOof] / :yfgLoaf;Ln] eGb} x'g'xGYof]– lkn/
If] q af6 cfpg] sd/] 8 x¿sf] /ftL !! ah] k'gM af;:yfg k'luof] . oxL k6s–k6s u/L w]/} ;fl/Psf] 5
Joj:yfkg ug{k' g]{ ePsf] x'bF f Hofb} ef]lnkN6 laxfg xfdL p7]/ tf/ / g]kfndf kg]{ ;f]dZ] j/ dlGb/df ;d]t
;+oddtfsf ;fy /xg'kg]{ lyof] . kf]nnfO{ lxhf] a]ns' L n'sfPsf] 7fpFaf6 ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iff ansf] x:tIf]k
;Ë7gsf] sf7df8f}dF f a;]sf] t];f| ] lnP/ a; hfg] :yfg;Dd k'ofof}F a9\bf] 5 . lsdL nfdf] blIf0fL l;dfgfdf cf};t af/aGb]h nufpF5 . lardf sfF8] tf/ dftxtsf] ;'/Iff lgsfo kl/rfng u/L
k" 0 f{ a} 7 sn] u/] s f] ;Ldf / xfdL;Fu lrtjgsf lhNnf ;ldlt b'O{ b]zlar ;Ldf ;d:of ;'Nemfpg @!=^ lslddf g]kfnsf] Pp6f af]8/{ / kvf{n nufpg' eg]sf] ;LdfnfO{ tTsfn sfF8t] f/ x6fpg] sfd u¥of] .
/fli6«otf;DaGwL lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ;b:o tyf lbjfs/ dfWolds s]xL k|of;x¿ eP klg cem} 6'Ëf] nfUg cjh/e];g kf]:6 aLcf]kL /flvPsf] Jojl:yt ug{' xf] . l;dfgfdf ePsf] ef/tLo x:tIf]k /
;DaGwdf, kbflwsf/Lsf] cgf}krfl/s ljBfnosf lzIfs cflzs dxtf] / ;s]sf] 5}g, h;sf/0f g]kfn ;Ldfdf 5 ;Î\ofsf] lx;fadf sl/a #, ))) g]kfn ef/t v'Nnf ;Ldf ePsf] u'ds
] f] lnk'ns
] , lnlDkofw'/f, sfnfkfgL,
5nkmnkZrft\ df8Lsf] ;f]dZ] j/df ldq cgfd ls/0f klg x'gx' G' Yof] Tolt ;w}F RoflkFb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;'/IffsdL{ vl6Psf 5g\ ha ls sf/0f x'g] u/]sf ljleGg cfk/flws ;':tfnufotsf b]z}e/ cltqmldt
l;dfgfdf sfF8t] f/ nufpg] lg0f{o eof] . g} a]nf k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L lhg]Gb| ef/tlar ;Ldf;DaGwL $ ;lGwx¿sf] ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iff ansf] aLcf]kL lqmofsnfk, ;Ldf ;'/Iff ann] ug]{ e"efu lkmtf{ Nofpg kxnsbdL lng]
ef]lnkN6 a}7s k|f/De x'gf;fy} a:g]t / k|x/L pk/LIfs ;'/hl;+x cfwf/df ;Ldf sfod ul/of] , cf};t #=& lsld 5 / k|lt lsld @$ HofbtL, e"ld cltqmd0fnufot ljifo s'/f sxfF xf] sxfF, pN6} gf}hjfg
;lrjfno ;b:o s= ab|Ln] l/kf]6{ /f7f}/nufotsf 6f]nL ToxL cfOk'u] . h;cg';f/ !*!^ dfr{ $ sf] ;'uf}nL ;'/IffsdL{ 5g\ . of] lx;fadf g]kfnsf] /f]lsg'k5{ eGg] Wo]osf ;fy /fHo;QfnfO{ o'jfx¿n] u/]sf] gjLg sfo{dflysf]
/fVg'eof] / xfdL b'Oh { gf tf/ / kf]nsf] xfdL of]hgf r'lxof] ls eGg] ;zlÍt ;lGwsf] cfwf/df sfod ;Ldf, ;g\ pkl:ylt guGo xf] . bafa l;h{ g f ug] { , ef/tLo x:tIf] k n] of] bnfn ;+ ; bLo
Joj:yfkgsf] nflu lgSNof}F afFsL eof}F /fHon] 3f]lift¿kdf k|ltaGw !*!^ l8;]Da/ * sf] k"/s ;lGwsf] To;sf/0f klg l;dfgfdf g]kfnLn] ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] cfd /fHoJoj:yfsf] rl/q yk pbfËf] ag]sf]
sd/]8x¿ a}7s / 5nkmndf s]lGb|t gnufP klg b]Vg]lalQs} ;dfTg] / em'§f cfwf/df sfod ul/Psf] ;Ldf, ;g\ HofbtL v]Kg'k/]sf] 5 . ;Ldf ;'/IffnfO{ /fi6«jfbL / b]zeQm zlQmx¿sf] cfjfh 5 cfˆgf] ;Qf :jfy{sf] nflu /fli6«o
x'ge' of] . lu|n pBf]uaf6 kf]nsf] gd'gf d'2f nufpg]qmd hf/L lyof] xfd|f sof}F !*^) sf] gf]eD] a/ ! sf] ;Demf}tfsf] lnP/ ef/tsf] gLlt cfk"mnfO{ ;'/Iff a'nGb ug{sf nflu l;dfgfdf sl/a cl:dtf / ;fj{ef}dLstf aGwsL /fv]/
tof/ uof}F . xf8{jo] / k;ndf sfF8t] f/ g]tf–sfo{stf{ h]n–lx/f;tdf x'gx' G' Yof] cfwf/df sfod l;dfgf / ;g\ !*&% vt/f a9L ePsf] :yfgdf kof{Kt #) ld6/ nfdf] sfF8]tf/ nufP/ lbNnL b/af/ / xjfO6 xfp;sf
lsGof}F / h]af| emf]nfdf sfF8t] f/ /flv To;sf/0f, xfdL xtf; ePsf lyof}F . hgj/L & df ul/Psf] ;Demf}tfsf] nufpg] / sd ;'/Iff r'gf}tL tyf ;fÍ]lts bafa l;h{gf ug]{ sfd uof}F dltof/ aGg] /fi6«3ftL bnfnx¿sf]
xfdL ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf df8L xfdL xtf/–xtf/ tf/, kf]n, n'sfpg cfwf/df sfod l;dfgf . s"n !**) sdhf]/ d'ns ' ePsf] l;dfgfdf v'Nnf / xfd|f] 6f]nL lkmtf{ eof}F ;'/Iff r'gf}tLnfO{ lj?4 k'gM Psk6s ;a} ju{, If]q,
xflGgof}F . ;fFem $ ah] df8Lsf] :yfgLo ;kmn eof}F . kl5 yfxf eof], pgLx¿ lsdL l;dfgfdWo] hldgsf] e"efu 5f]8g\ ] / cltqmd0f ug]{ b]lvG5 h:t}, dWogh/ ub}{ PleGo'h 6]lnlehgaf6 lnË / e]uaf6 h'6g\ cfjZos 5 .
kf6L{sf sd/]8 6Lsf Gof}kfg]sf] ;–kl/jf/ ;f]d]Zj/ bz{gsf] nflu !@$) lsdL / gbL l;dfgfsf] nDafO{ ef/t / kfls:tfgsf] lardf !, $)) /f]lsPsf] :ynut k|ToIf k|;f/0f -n]vsM clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf
;Dks{df k'Uof}F . ;Í6 t ta ;'? eof], cfPsf] /x]5g\ To;sf] s]xL ;dokl5 ^$) lsdL /x]sf] 5 t/, aiff}c +{ l3 lsld nfdf] kmnfdsf] kvf{n nufOPsf] gf/fo0fu9 ahf/ cfOk'uk] l5 ul/of] . s]Gb|Lo sfo{no ;b:o tyf pkTosfsf]
ha tf/ / kf]nnfO{ ;Ldf ;'/Iff an xfd|f] 6f]nL ldgLa;df gf/fo0fL ax'dv ' L ldnfpg'kg]{ l;dfgf cem} klg p:t} 5 ef/t / aËnfb]zsf] lar lqk'/fdf /fi6«jfbL b]zeQm 5f]/f5f]/Ln] ;Ldf / ljz]if If]q OGrfh{ x'g_\

g]skf s~rgk'/n] hghfu/0f cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ @% ut];Dd ld6/ JofhL, n3'ljQ / a}s
+ sf] rsf{] Jofhb/sf lj?å hgsf/jfxL
ug]{, u'0f:t/ kl/If0f gu/L cfot ul/g] ef/tLo s[lifhGo j:t'sf lj?å
of]hgfnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ sfo{stf{nfO{ lgb]{zg lbP . n3'ljQ / a}Ín] Aofh
a9fP/ hgtfnfO{ cftlÍt / zf]if0f ul//x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ o;sf] lgoGq0f
cfjZos /x]sf] atfP . hgtfsf ;'v b'Mvdf ;xof]u ug{ / Jofks ;+u7g
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ s~rgk'/n] oxL kmfNu'g ! ut]bl] v @
dlxg] hghfu/0f tyf ;+u7g lj:tf/ cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos ePsf] / 5 dlxg] cfjlws of]hgfcg';f/ ;+u7g ;'b[9
5 . a'waf/ ;DkGg lhNnfsf] t];f| ] k"0f{ a}7sn] kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] ^ dlxg] cfjlws / lj:tf/ ug{ lgb]z
{ g lbP .
of]hgfnfO{ k"/f ug]{ p2]Zon] cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . a}7sdf dWo s}nfnL lhNnf ;ldltsf ;]qm]6/L la¿ ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg
kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] b:tfj]h tyf ;s{'n/sf] efj / g]skfsf] cfufdL sfo{ef/af/] a}7sdf g]skf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf ;]tL Jo"/f] OGrfh{ eutl;+x ;L k|dv '
cltly /x]sf lyP eg] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf s}nfnL OGrfh{ k|sfz ;L ;]tL Jo"/f]
sfof{no ;lrj ljgf]b ;L s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;ldlt ;b:o ls/0f ;L, lw/]Gb| ;L,
lhNnf sfof{no ;rLj lht' ;Lnufot cltlyx¿ /x]sf lyP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ pQ/ klZrd s}nfnL lhNnfsf] k|yd k"0f{
gfsfdf k|bz{g ug]{, ;dfhdf al9/x]sf] clgolGqt dlb/fkfg, nfu"cf}ifw
b'Jo{;gL, h'jftf; / e|i6frf/, tyf ;fdflhs ljs[ltsf lj?å ;+3if{ ug]{
lg0f{o u/]sf] g]skf Ko"7fgsf OGrfh{ hfu[tL ;Ln] atfP . To:t} kmfNu'g !
ut] hgo'4 lbj;sf] cj;/df ljleGg /rgfTds sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf h]i7
sDo'lgi6, h]i7 gful/s, hgo'åsf ;lxb kl/jf/, 3fOt] tyf ckf+u of]4f /
j]kQf kl/jf/nfO{ clegGbg ug]{, v]ns'b, xflh/L hjfkm k|ltof]lutf, sljtf
jfrg, nf]sbf]x/L, Psn g[Tonufotsf sfo{qmdx? klg ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf]
hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ Ko'7fgsf] t];f| ] a}7sdf g]skf kf]ln6Jo"/f] ;b:o
tyf klZrd n'lDagL Jo"/f] OGrfh{ ;~hLj ;Ln] kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{nfO{
k|d'v cltly ;d/n] k|lzIf0f dGtJo;lxt a}7ssf] lbzflgb]{z u/]sf lyP . hgtfdf uO{ hgtfsf] cfwf/e"t ;d:of;Fu Psfsf/ x'g / hgtfsf ;d:of
lhNnf OGrfh{ tyf ;]qm]6/L ljlk ;Lsf] cWoIftf / g]skf s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf ;dfwfg ug{ ;xof]uL e"ldsf v]Ng lgb]z { g lbFb} g]kfndf bnfn ;+;bLo a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQ/ klZrd s}nfnL lhNnf ;ldltsf ;]qm]6/L
dxfsfnL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ ;d/ ;Lsf] k|dv
' cfltYotfdf ;DkGg a}7sdf s]lGb|o Joj:yf c;kmn e};s]sf]n] cjsf] Ps dfq ljsNk eg]sf] PsLs[t cfJxfg ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg a}7sdf g]skf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf ;]tL
;b:o sdn ;L, s]lGb|o k|ltlglw ;ldlt ;b:ox? nlnt ;L / /fh]Gb| ;Lsf] hgqmflGtdfkm{t\ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{' ePsf] atfP . Jo"/f] OGrfh{ eutl;+x ;L k|d'v cltly /x]sf lyP eg] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf
;d]t ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] eg] hghfu/0f tyf ;+u7g la:tf/ cleofg Ko'7fgl:yt lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf ePsf] a}7sdf g]skf Ko"7fgsf ;]qm]6/L s}nfnL OGrfh{ k|sfz ;L ;]tL Jo"/f] sfof{no ;rLj ljgf]b ;L lhNnf
lhNnfsf] l;dfgfsf u•frf}sLaf6 pb\3f6g x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . kl/jt{g ;L / k|dv ' cltly Pjd\ kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o ;~hLj ;L, s]lGb|o ;Nnfxsf/ dx]Gb| ;L, /fd ;Lnufot cltlyx¿ /x]sf lyP . a}7snfO{
;b:o Pjd\ lhNnf OGrfh{ hfu[tL ;L ;lxt lhNnf :t/Lo g]tfx?sf] ;xeflutf ;Daf]wg ub}{ k|d'v cltly eutl;+x ;Ln] b]zdf a9\b} uO/x]sf] dxFuL
g]skf Ko"7fgn] 7u n3'ljQ / /x]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 . –/fh]Gb| /fjt If]qL sfnf]ahf/L ld6/Aofhn] hghLjg si6s/ aGb} uO/x]sf] atfpFb} dxFuL,

ld6/Aofh]nfO{ sf/afxL ug]{ Û g]skf dWo s}nfnLåf/f ;+3if{sf] pb\3f]if


ld6/Aofh lgoGq0f ug{ kf6L{n] of]hgf agfO/x]sf] / pQm of]hgfnfO{ ;kmn
kfg{ sfo{stf{nfO{ lgb]{zg lbP . n3'ljQ / a}Ín] Aofh a9fP/ hgtfnfO{
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dWo s}nfnLn] ld6/Aofh / a}Í tyf cftlÍt / zf]if0f ul//x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ o;sf] lgoGq0f cfjZos /x]sf]
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ lhNnf ;ldlt Ko'7fgn] rsf{] Jofh ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cftÍlj?4 hgtfnfO{ ;hu u/fpFb} ;+3if{ ug],{ hgtfsf d'2f atfP . hgtfsf ;'v b'Mvdf ;xof]u ug{ / Jofks ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug{
c;'Ng] a}+s tyf gful/ssf] pl7af; nufpg] n3'ljQ / ld6/ Jofh]nfO{ dfldnf / Gofo lg?k0f ug{ kxn ug],{ e|i6frf/, k|fs[lts ;|ft] ;fwgsf] bf]xg cfjZos ePsf] / 5 dlxg] cfjlws of]hgfcg';f/ ;+u7g ;'b[9 / lj:tf/
hgsf/jfxL ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg a}+s tyf laQLo ;+:yfx?sf] rsf]{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;+3if{ ug]{ lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . xfn} ;DkGg lhNnfsf] k|yd ug{ lgb]{zg lbP .
Aofhb/, ld6/ Aofh / e|i6frf/n] gul/sx? cft+lst, eoeLt / kLl8t k"0f{ a}7sn] ;f] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . a}7sn] dxFuL, ld6/Aofh / a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cftÍ lj?4
ePsf] eGb} cfh ;DkGg g]skf Ko'7fgsf] t];f| ] a}7sn] o:tf] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . pQm a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ k|d'v cltly eutl;+x ;Ln] b]zdf a9\b} hgtfnfO{ ;hu u/fpFb} ;+3if{ ug],{ hgtfsf d'2f dfldnf / Gofo lg?k0f ug{
t];|f] a}7sn] kmfu'g % ut] rsf{] a}+s Jofhb/ / ld6/ Jofhsf lj?å k|bz{g uO/x]sf] dxFuL sfnf]ahf/L ld6/Aofhn] hghLjg si6s/ aGb} uO/x]sf] kxn ug]{, e|i6frf/, k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] bf]xg lgoGq0f ug{ ;+3if{ ug]{
ug],{ kmfu'g !% ut] rsf{] d"Noj[l4sf lj?å hgk|bz{g ug],{ kmfu'g !% b]lv atfpFb} dxFuL, ld6/Aofh lgoGq0f ug{ kf6L{n] of]hgf agfO/x]sf] / pQm lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .
@)&( ;fn df3 @( ut] cfOtaf/ 7

>ddf /dfp“b} ;dfhjfbsf] ;kgf b]lv/x]sf ‘ljKnj’


sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6 cln las6 kxf8L lhNnfx?df cb'jf, ul/Psf] dxfg\ hgo'4 tyf PsLs[t cfˆgf] gfdsf] kl5 …;LÚ n]lvg] 3f]if0ff hfltn] d[To' ;+:sf/nfO{ gofF j}1flgs j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL /fHo;Qfsf]
kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj olta]nf l6d'/, sfutLnufotsf pTkfbgnfO{ hgqmflGtdf ;xfbt k|fKt ug{'x'g] u/] s f x' g . lzju9Ldf gjf} F cjwf/0ff agfP/ hfg] gLlt cg'?k jsfnt ul//x]sf] 5 . j}1flgs
g]kfnsf] k|d'v /fhgLlts s]Gb|laGb' k|fyldstf lbPsf] g]skfsf Ps g]tfn] ;Dk"0f{ ;lxbx?sf] zflns /flvg] dxflwj] z gsf] ;dfkg ;qnfO{ gofF ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; u/]sf 5g\ . ;dfhjfb cfh;Ddsf
sf7df8f}Fdf b]lvFb}gg\ . pgL ljut 8]lno'h/fKtLnfO{ atfP . otf kf6L{sf g]skfn] p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 . ;Djf]wg ub}{ dxf;lrj ljKnjn] o:tf] dxf;lrj ljKnjn] d+l;/ !& ut] /fHoJoj:yfdWo] ;a}eGbf pQd Pjd\
c9fO{ jif{ b ] l v cfˆgf] u[ x lhNnf dxf;lrj ljKnjn] slknj:t'df otf slknj:t'sf] hgsDo'gdf 3f] i f0ff u/] s f x' g . pgn] ca
g]skfn] ljljw s[lif pTkfbgsf g]qljqmd rGb gx'g] / gfdsf] kl5
sfo{ n fO cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . ;L n]lvg] jtfPsf lyP . pgn]
hgsDo'gdfkm{t\ ;f] kf6L{n] df5f sDo'lg:6x? cGt/f{li6«o hflt x'g]
kfng, a+ u ' / kfng, v;L–af] s f atfpFb} hflto lje]b / pTkL8gsf]
nufPtsf kz'k+IfL kfng ul//x]sf] cGTo ug{ Pp6f gofF hfltsf]
5 . o:t} df};dcg';f/ wfg v]tL, cEof;sf nflu ljKnjsf] kl5 …;LÚ
tf]/L v]tL, cfn' pTkfbg, ljleGg n]lvg] atfPsf 5g\ pgn] …;LÚ eg]sf]
t/sf/L afnLx?sf] v]tL ul//x]sf] sDo' l gi6 xf] , sDo' g li6 eg] s f]
a'lemPsf] 5 . o;f] t ljKnj;lxtsf] ;fDojfbL xf] / of] cGt/f{li6o hflt
sfof{nosf] l6dn] ahf/af6 vfBfGg, xf] . of] ;a} g]tf sfo{stf{nfO{ nfu"
t/sf/L vl/b u/]/ vfg'kg]{ cj:yf ug{ lgb] { z g lbPsf 5g\ .
g/x]sf] g]skfn] atfPsf] 5 . dxflwj]zgdf pkl:ylt k|ltlglw Pj+
dxf;lrj ljKnj :jod\ cfkm}n F ] sfo{stf{n] dxf;lrj ljKnjsf] pQm
kf6L{sf] (cf}F dxflwj]zgsf] pb\3f6g k|:tfjnfO{ kfl/t u/]sf lyP . pQm
slknj:t'sf] lzju9Ldf s]lGb|t hgsDo'gsf] cjwf/0ff cl3 a9fPsf ;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ kf6L{sf] lg0f{o;Fu} ljleGg l6sfl6Kk0fLx?
ePsf 5g\ . slknj:t'df al;/x]sf 5g\ . pgn] kf6L{ s f xf] n 6fOd/ sfof{ n o l6d cfTdlge{ / /x] s f] ;fj{hlgs ePsf lyP / eO/x]sf
ljKnjsf a]nfa]nfdf ;fj{hlgs x'g] 5g\ . dxf;lrj ljKnjn] sDo'lgi6
t:jL/x?n] ;fdflhs ;+hfn dfq} hflt eg]sf] gofF b[li6sf]0f ePsf]
xf]Og, g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf] ;d]t eGb} ;a} sDo'lgi6 hflt dfq x'g] /
Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg] ub{5 . s]kL jnL x/]sn] gfdsf] k5fl8sf] y/ x6fP/
g] t [ T jsf] tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] ;L n]Vg'kg]{ jtfP . dxflwj]zgn] x/]s
g]skfdfly @)&% kmfu'g @* ut] b'O{ dlxgfsf] Ps lbg sDo'lgi6
k|ltaGw nufPkl5 vf;} ;fj{hlgs >dlbg kfl/t u/]sfn] ;a} sDo'lgi6
?kdf b]vfgk/]sf pgL tTsfnLg g]tf sfo{stf{x?n] Ps lbg ;fd'lxs
cf]nL g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/;Fu tLg a'Fb] >d ug{k' g]{ 5 . dxf;lrj ljKnjn]
;xdtLkl5 klxnf]k6s slknj:t'd} ;lxb a]kQf / 3fO{t] ckf+u sf]ifsf]
b]lvPsf lyP . tTsfnLg ;/sf/ / lgdf0f{ ug]{ / Tof] sf]ifjf6 ;d:ofdf lbj+ut x'g'ePsL cfb/0fLo cfdfsf] dfgj–lxtsf/L ljz]iftfx¿ ePsf]
g]skfaLr ePsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdtLdf k/]sf kl/jf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ gLlt :d[tLdf a'waf/ cfof]lht >4f~hnL /fHoJoj:yf ePsf] g]skfsf] a'emfO
x:tfIf/ ug{ cfof]lht /fli6«o ;ef lnPsf 5g\ . pgn] Pd;L;Ln] lnPsf] ;efdf af]Nb} …;LÚ hfltn] d[To' 5 . j}1flgs ;dfhjfb k'FhLjfbL
u[x hfFbf;d]t pgL slknj:t'af6 hUufdf ca sDo' l gi6 em08f ;+:sf/nfO{ sDtLdf % lbg;Dd zf]s pTkfbg ;DaGw Pjd\ /fHoJoj:yfn]
lxF8]sf lyP . pgn] slknj:t'af6 kmx/fpg] / s'g} klg xfntdf g]kfndf dgfpg] atfPsf lyP . dxf;lrj ;dfhdf k}bf u/]sf ju{cGtlj{/f]w,
:yfgLo ;lxb kl/jf/sL cfdfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ glbg] 7f]s'jf u/] . ljKnjsf cg' ; f/ d[ T o' ePkl5 zf]if0f, pTkL8gsf ;fy} bdgnfO{
xftaf6 /ftf] 6Lsf nufP/ lgl:sPsf dxflwj]zg ;kmn, Pstfj4 / ljhoL d[tssf] bfx;+:sf/ ug]{, ;f]xL lbg ;dfwfg lbgsf nflu cg';Gwfg
lyP . ;/sf/;F u tLg a' F b ] ePsf] eGb} dxf;lrjn] b'Zdgsf] clGtd >4f~hnL;lxt zf]s ;ef ul/Psf] Joj:yf xf] . o;n]
;xdtLkZrft\ dxf;lrj ljKnj s'k' r
| f/sf lj?4 n8\g klg ;j}nfO{ ug]{, bf];|f] lbg d[tssf] :d[ltdf ;dfhjfb–;fDojfbsf /fhgLlts,
clwsf+z ;do slknj:t'd} latfpg] cfu|x u/] . dxflwj]zgn] /fli6otf, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ -kmn, k"mn / hl8a'6L_, cfly{ s , ;f+ : s[ l ts, ;fdflhs
u/]sf 5g\ . hgtGq / hghLljsf ;DjlGwsf t];f| ] lbg cIfosf]if :yfkgf ug],{ rf}yf] ;DaGwx¿sf] lgdf{0f / ljsf; ub{5 .
;+;bLo Joj:yflj?4 PsLs[t ljleGg !) j' F b ] k| : tfjx? klg lbg ;lxb kl/jf/, c;xfo, ckf+u / gofF ;dfhjfbL ;DaGwx¿åf/f
hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzf lnP/ Pp6f kfl/t u/] s f] 5 . ut c;f] h @% a[4–a[4fnfO{ Gofgf] nQfsk8f ljt/0f cfh;Dd ljBdfg ju{ , hflt,
csf]{ hgqmflGtsf] lau'n km'ls/x]sf ut] pb\3f6g ePsf] dxflwj]zg ug]{ / kfFrf}+ lbg d[ts :d[ltdf wd{aLrsf cGtlj{/f]wx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg
ljKnjsf] cfh dfq} csf]{ Pp6f c;f]h #! ut] ;lsg] elgPklg >4f~hnL ;ef ug] { ul/ d[ T o' ub{5 . ;fy} gofF ;dfh, gofF ju{,
t:jL/ ;fj{ h lgs ePsf] 5 . sfo{ s tf{ , sfof{ n osf] l6d;lxt atfPsf lyP . …ljKnjÚ cfkm}F k|ToIf ;do nlDjPsfn] sflt{ s @ ut] ;+:sf/nfO{ dgfpg] :ki6 kf/]sf x'g . gofF cy{;DaGw Pjd\ gofF dfgj
;fdflhs ;+ h fndf ;fj{ h lgs pTkfbgnfO{ tLj|tf lbPsf 5g\ . km?jf af] s ] / v] t af/Ldf >d dfq ;lsPsf] 5 . dxflwj] z gdf ;+ ; bjfb lj?4 ljKnj hfltsf] ljsf; ub{5 . j}1flgs
ul/Psf] pQm t:jL/n] km]l/ Psrf]l6 slknj:t'df g]skfn] gd'gf lgdf{0f ul//x]sf] >dk|lt y'k|}n] cf–cfˆgf] b] z e/ jf6 sl/j ^ ;o j9L g]kfndf sDo'lg:6 hgdt w]/} ;dfhjfbsf oL ljz]iftfx¿ k'h F LjfbL
;a}sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 . g]skf sfo{ ;fy;fy} sDo'g dfkm{t\ s[lif wf/0ff agfpg] u/]sf 5g\ t/ ljKnjn] k|ltlglw ko{j]Ifsx?sf] ;xeflutf 5 . sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x? klg bh{gf}+ ljz]iftfeGbf ct'ngLo ¿kn] pGgt,
lgs6sf g]tf–sfo{stf{x?n] ;fdflhs pTkfbgnfO{ k|fyldstf ;fy cufl8 >dlagf ;dfhjfbsf] sNkgf u/]sf /x] s f] lyof] . 5g\ / ;a}n] ;dfhjfb elg/x]sf ;Eo Pjd\ hglxtsf/L 5g\ . o;/L
;+hfndf kf]:6 u/]sf] pQm t:jL/df a9fO/x]sf] 5 . 5}gg\ . pgn] cfˆgf uxlsnf efif0fdf
ljKnjdf xftdf km?jf lnP/ lr;f] g] s kfn] slknj:t' d f gd' g f ;d]t lab]lzPsf o'jfx?nfO{ b]zdf
x':;'sf] k|jfx gu/L jl/kl/ kx]Fnf] lgdf{0f sfo{cGtu{t eJo cfw'lgs kf6L{ kms]{/ cfˆg} df6f]df >d ug{'kg]{
tf]/Laf/Lsf] aLrdf vfnL hldgdf sfof{no, hg;+u|fxno / hg:jf:Yo cfXjfg ul//xG5g\ . pgn] ljb]zL;Fu
>d ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf 5g\ . ;|f]tsf s] G b| -hgc:ktfn_ nufPtsf dfu]/ b]z ;d[4 gx'g] eGb} cfˆg}
cg';f/ ljKnj b}lgs laxfg a]n'sf ;+/rgfx?sf] lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ tLj|tf >d / kl;gfn] b] z ;d[ 4 x' g ]
o;}u/L >d ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . lbPsf] 5 . kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;Dks{ cleJolQm lbO/x]sf x'G5g\\ .
o' j fx?nfO cfk\ m g} >ddf afRg sfof{no gf} tnf;Dd agfpg] u/L rLgsf] pbfx/0f lbFb} ljKnjn]
l;sfO/x] s f ‘ljKnj’ tof/L ul/Psf] eP klg clxn];Dd eg]sf 5g\, …cfhsf] rLg s'g}a]nf
g] k fn sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ n ] t];|f] tnfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 xfdLeGbf ul/a lyof] . dfcf]T;]tª' sf]
pTkfbgnfO{ laz]if k|fyldstf lbPsf] al9/x]sf] 5 eg] hg:jf:Yo s]Gb|sf] g]t[Tjdf hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg
5 . g]kfnsf ;a} lhNnfx?df alnof] ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ klg em08} clGtd ePkl5 rLg ;d[ 4 ag] s f] xf] .
;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf lgdf{0f u/]sf] cj:yf k'us ] f] ;f] kf6L{n] hgfPsf] 5 . s'g}a]nf rLgsf o'jfx? o'/f]k uP/
g]skfn] ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf ;ldltnfO{ o:t} g]skfåf/f lgdf{0ffwLg eJo >d uy]{ cfh rLgsf] ;f+3fO{sf
pTkfbgdf hf]l8g laz]if clkn u/]sf] hg;+uf| xnosf] klg rrf{ r'lnPsf] /]:6'/G] 6df o'/f]ksf o'jfx? >d ug{ ‘;L’ hfltsf] d[To' ;+:sf/ ;/n 5g\ . gf/f ;dfhjfbsf] lbg] t/ pxLF x]bf{ j}1flgs ;dfhjfb pTs[i6
a'lemPsf] 5 . ef}uf]lns agfj6, 5 . slknj:t'd} lgdf{0f x'g nfu]sf] nfnflot x'g] u5{g\ .Ú / j} 1 flgs ;+;bLo Joj:yf leq} ?Ddln/xg] ljz]iftfx¿ ePsf] /fHoJoj:yf ePsf]
xfjfkfgL df6f] cg'sn ' sf] pTkfbgnfO{ ;+ u | f xnodf g] s kfn] g] k fnsf] dfgj ;dfhsf] Pp6} hflt ‘;L’ g] s kfn] kf6L{ s f] gjf} F sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?eGbf cnu /x]sf] ljKnj atfpF5g\ . ;Í6 / lgsf;,
Wofg lbP/ ;a} lhNnfx?n] cf–cfˆgf] /fhgLlts d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf ;xfbt hflt agfPsf ljKnj dxflwj]zgaf6 k'/fgf] hfltsf] cGTo g]skf xf] . g]skfn] s'g} klg xfntdf cGTolj{/f]w / ;dfwfgsf b[li6n]
;fk]Iftfdf pTkfbg sfo{nfO 3lge"t k|fKt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;lxbx?sf] zflns g] s kfn] kf6L{ s f] gjf} F ub}{ gofF sDo'lg:6 ;fDojfbL hflt ;+;bLo Joj:yf l:jsf/ gug]{ :ki6 g]kfndf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb cu|ufdL,
9+ u n] cufl8 a9fO/x] s f 5g\ . /flvg] p2]Zo lnPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . dxflwj]zgb]lv k|foM 7"nf ;ef– …;LÚ hflt lgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL kf/] s f] 5 . ;+ ; bLo Joj:yf hgjfbL, kl/jt{ g sf/L Pjd\
t/fO{s { f lhNnfx?df vfBfGg afnL / @))& ;fnb]lv @)%@ b]lv ;'? ;df/f]xx? slknj:t'df ug]{ u/]sf] cg'?k dxflwj]zg ;lsP nuQ} c;kmnl;4 eO;s] s fn] o;sf] qmflGtsf/L ePsf]df s'g} låljwf
5 . kf6L{n] c;f]h @%–#! ;Dd g]skfsf b]ze/sf g]tf–sfo{stf{x?n] ljsNkdf hgtfn] cfˆgf] efUo / gePsf] g]skfsf] 7DofO /x]sf] 5 .
kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;Dks{ sfof{no To;nfO nfu" u/] . pgLx?n] cf– eljiosf] km};nf cfkm}F ug{ kfpg] – x]dGt k|sfz jnL
slknj:t'df gjf}F /fli6«o dxflwj]zg cfˆgf] ;fdflhs ;+hfn km];a'sdf
;DkGg u/] s f] lyof] eg] dfcf] k' / fgf] k/Dk/fut hflt x6fP/
lbj;b] l v y' k | } 7' n f7' n f ;ef– clwsf+zn] …;LÚ n]v]sf 5g\ cyf{t
;Dd]ngx? slknj:t'df ug]{ u/]sf] dfgj ;dfhsf] Pp6} hflt sDo'lg:6
5 . o:t} g]skfn] kf6L{sf] gjf}F ;fDojfbL hflt . dxf;lrj ljKnjn]
dxflwj]zgaf6 dfgj ;dfhsf] Pp6} cfk"mx?n] kf6L{sf] gjf}F dxflwj]zgn]
hflt …;LÚ hfltsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . hflt, wd{ / d[ T o' ;+ : sf/af/]
o;af/] g]kfndf a'l4hLlj tKsfb]lv j}1flgsLs/0f ub}{ hfg] u/L ;L hflt,
;dfhsf x/]s tKsfn] ax; 5]l8/x]sf] d[ T o' ' ;+ : sf/af/] gofF j} 1 flgs
5 . t/, g]skfsf dxf;lrj ljKnjn] cjwf/0ff agfP/ hfg] gLlt cg'?k
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] ;kgf b]lv/x]sf gofF ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; u/]sf] atfPsf
5g\ / To; cg'?k ljrf/ ;+:n];g lyP . ;f] kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnjn]
ul//x]sf 5g\ . dxf;lrj ljKnjn] cfˆgL lbj+ut cfdf cflzsfb]aL
ca sDo'lgi6 hflt jgfpgsf nflu rGbsf] b'vb\ lgwg kZrft\ …;LÚ
8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$ @)&( ;fn df3 @( ut] cfOtaf/
cfufdL===== cfwf ;DklQ y'lk|g k'us ] f] 5 ug]{ 5 . b]zaf6 xhf/f}+ o'jfo'jtLnfO{ lg0f{o lnOPsf] 5 . x'g5 ] .Ú a}7skl5 g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
eg] csf]l{ t/ cfly{s ;+s6 / ljb]zdf nu]/ a]Rg], cnkq kfg],{ of}g !#_ kf6L{n] sDo'lgi6 ;+:s[lt lgdf{0f, k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf g]skf :yfoL dxf;lrj ljKnj ;L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6
nflu of] k|; ] jQmJo hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . zf] i f0fn] dhb' / , ls;fg, zf]if0f / lx+;f u/L hLjg g} ;dfKt :yflkt / ljsf; ug{sf nflu sld6L ;b:o tyf hj; df]rf{ k|mofS;g kf6L{sf cWoIf Clif s§]n, j}1flgs
!_ sd/]8 ljKnj ;Ln] t];|f] k"0f{ dWodju{ / /fli6«o pBf]uLx? kfl/lbg] dfgj t:s/LnfO{ oyfzL3| /f]Sg' dxflwj]zgn] kf; u/]sf] ;L hfltsf] OGrfh{ lzn' n ] – ;Qfsf] ;dfhjfbL sDo'lg:6 kf6L{, g]kfnsf
a}7ssf] cWoIftf u/]nuQ} ;j} ;8sdf k'Ug], larNnL aGg] k5{ . ;+:s[ltcg';f/ lgDg sfo{x? nfu" au{rl/qcg';f/sf] lzIff k|0ffnL g} dxf;lrj cfx'tL / g]skf dfcf]jfbL
s] G b| L o ;ldltsf sd/] 8 x? cj:yf alg/x]sf] 5 . t/fO{d{ f # a'bF ] ;xdlt cg';f/ PsLs[t ug]{ lg0f{o lnOPsf] 5 . cfhsf] Ps ;d:of ePsf]n] dflg;x¿ ;dfhjfbsf cWoIf s0f{lht a'9fyf]sL
cfGt/f{li6«o uLt ufogdf ;xefuL ld6/ Jofh]x?sf] cTofrf/, hgqmflGtsf ;Dk"0f{ aGbL sd/]8x? d'Qm s_ sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf / g]kfnL hlt lzlIft x'bF } uof], Tolt g} z}lIfs …;'zLnÚ n] ;+oQ' m k|; ] lj1lKt hf/L ul/
aGg' eof] . kxf8df n3'ljQsf] zf]if0f, x'g' kg]d{ f xfn;Dd klg $) hgf qmflGtsf lbj;, ;lxb tyf a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of b]lvof] . of] eg]sf] b]zsf] jt{dfg /fhg}lts cj:yfsf]
@_ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sdf PsLs[t ;x/df a}s + sf] rsf]{ Jofh, sd/]8x? ljleGg h]nx?df aGb x'gx'G5, j]kQf lbj;x? eJo?kn] xfd|f] ;dfh, /fHo / Joj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ l:ylt r/d ;+s6 /
hgqmflGt, hgo'4, g]kfnL d'lQm ljrf}lnofsf] rnv]n, z}lIfs ;of}+ d'2fx? vf/]h ePsf 5}gg\ . dgfpg] cfjZostf Psflt/ / lzIff k|0ffnL uDeL/ cj:yfdf /x]sf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf
;+3if{ / ljZjqmflGtsf dxfg\ j]/fhuf/L, dfgj t:s/, ljb]zL /fHo;Fu k6s–k6s 5nkmn ;xdlt v_ aRrf hlGdF b f v' ; LofnL csf]{lt/ x'g'sf] sf/0f k}bf ePsf] 5g\ . o; ljifodf g]kfn sDo'lg:6
;lxbx?k|lt ! ldg]6 df}0fwf/0f Psflwsf/jfbL k' F h Lsf] eP/ klg sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5}g . dgfpg], 5 dlxgfdf z'esfdgf cGt/la/f]w xf] . o;sf] oyf]lrt ;dfwfg kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj ;L, g]kfn
ul/of] . a]kQf of]4fsf] :d/0f ub}{ babafn] gful/sx? pN6} hgo'4 sfnsf d'2fdf Tof] klg sfo{ q md ug] { , ljjfxnfO{ bnfn /fHo Joj:yfsf] cGTo / j}1flgs sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf cWoIf Clif s§]n,
;Ddfg JoQm ul/of] . ;fy} 3fOt] 56k6fO/x] s f 5g\ . ;lxb e;fOs]sf sd/]8x?sf] gfddf hgjfbL agfP/ v'l;ofnL ;dfhjfbsf] :yfkgfaf6 x'g;Sg] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL sDo'lg:6 kf6L{,
of]4f Pj+ aGbL sd/]8x?k|lt ;Ddfg lbgk| l tlbg a9\ b } uPsf] ;d]t kqmfp k'h F L{ 6f:g] k|ltufdL Pj+ dgfpg] , d[ T odf % lbg] atfOg\ . g]kfnsf dxf;lrj cfx'tL / g]skf
JoQm ul/of] . e"d08nLs[t ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] cg}lts sfo{ eO/x]sf 5g\ . /fHon] sfo{qmdx? ug]{ . klxnf] lbg clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf cWoIf k|sfz dfcf]jfbL ;dfhjfbsf cWoIf s0f{lht
#_ dxf;lrj sd/]8 ljKnj ;Ln] gjf}F x:tIf] k sf sf/0f b] z sf] ;xdltcg';f/ cljnDa aGbL sd/]8x? zf]s ;ef, bf];f| ] lbg j[Iff/f]k0f, ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] k|lzIf0fdf a'9fyf]sL …;'zLnÚ n] hf/L u/]sf] ;+oQ' m
s] G b| L o ;ldltsf] 5 dlxg] :jfwLgtf gjpklgj]zsf] d'Qm ug{' k5{ ;fy} d'2fx? vf/]h ul/g' t];f| ] lbg ;xof]u ljt/0f, rf}yf] g]skf kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o tyf clvn k|;
] lj1lKt o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5– …cfh
of]hgf;lxtsf] …kf6L{ of]hgfnfO{ cj:yfdf k'Ub}5 . t/, bnfn k5{ . oL d'2fdf kf6L{n] ;+3if{ ug]5 { . lbg cIfosf]if v8f ug]{ / kfrf}F qmflGtsf/Lsf k"jˆ{ o|fS;g OGrfh{ ldnfg df3 @& ut] rf/ qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
s8fOk"js { nfu" u/f},+ PsLs[t k'h F Lkltju{ / ;+;b\j\ fbL bnx? g]kfnL ls;fgx?nfO{ ;j{;n' e?kn] lbg >4f~hnL sfo{qmd ug],{ ;LnfO{ ;Ddfg kq;lxt labfO{ ul/Psf] kf6L{sf] a}7s g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf]
hgqmflGtnfO{ cufl8 a9fcf}Ú+ eGg] b]znfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf; dn, aLp, cf}hf/x? pknAw u/fpg' ;L hfltsf cfkmGtx?sf] lyof] eg] gofF k|mofS;g OGrfh{ lzn' s]Gb|Lo sfof{no a'4gu/ sf7df8f}dF f
/fhg}lts k|:tfj k]; ug{' eof] . lbg]lt/ guO{ cfˆg} kb, s';L{ k5{ . ;fy} ef/taf6 kl/If0flagf lgwgsf] :d[ltdf x/]s jif{ ;LnfO{ :jfut ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] a:of] . a}7sn] lnPsf lg0f{ox?
k|:tfjdf k"0f{ hgjfbL jftfj/0fdf / kmfObfsf nflu u7aGwg, clgolGqt k|sf/n] cfoft ul/g] t/sf/L c;f]h @% ut] :d[lt lbj; 5. ;fj{hlgs ug{ of] ;+oQ' m k|; ] lj1lKt
5nkmn u/L cfjZos ljifox? hTy] a GbL, efuaG8f / /f]s/] g]kfnL t/sf/L, kmnk"mn cflbsf] dgfpg] . sfo{ q mddf cf;Gg :jljo' hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
;dfj]z u/]/ Psdtn] tfnL ahfP/ tfgftfgdf d:t 5g\ . ;+/If0f ug{' k5{ . To;}u/L ! nfv $& u_ k|ultzLn hgjfbL—;dfhjfbL lgjf{rgsf nflu ;+u7gsf ;d:of, !_ b]zsf] jt{dfg /fhg}lts cj:yfsf]
kfl/t ul/of] . k|:tfjsf d'Vo ljifo xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;':ki6 lgisif{ xhf/ lsnf]ld6/ leq af; gkfP/ ;f+:s[ltssdL{x?sf] ;Ddfg / ;Defjgf / Wofg lbg'kg]{ ljifodf ljZn]if0f ub}{ l:ylt r/d\ ;+s6 /
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\— 5 ls cfhsf] /fhg}lts, ;'s'Daf;L ag]sf gful/sx?nfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ ;fy} ;fdgfnufot ;+u7gsf k|bz ] OGrfh{x?– n'lDagL uDeL/ cj:yfdf /x]sf] lgisif{
s_ P]ltxfl;s gjf}F dxflwj]zgsf] cfly{s ;+s6 eg]sf] hgrfxgf cljnDa af;sf] Joj:yf ug{' k5{ / ;f+ : s[ l ts kl/jf/x?af6 OGrfh{ lj1fg, ;]tL–dxfsfnL OGrfh{ lgsflnof] .
eJo ;kmntf tyf To;sf ljkl/t nflbPsf] bnfn pgLx? al;/x]sf] 7fpFaf6 8f]h/ nufP/ ;f+:s[lts cleofgx? ;+rfng aa/hË, s0ff{nL OGrfh{ wghLt, dw]z @_ g]kfnsf] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
o'ufGtsf/L ;+Zn]if0fx?sf] k'h F Lkltju{sf] ;Qf / k'h F LjfbL p7fpg aGb u/]/ pgLx?s} gfddf ug]{ lg0f{o lnOPsf] 5 . k|bz] OGrfh{ xl/ k'g, k|bz ] g+= ! OGrfh{ cfGbf]ng / b]zsf] ;+s6k"0f{
cfnf]sdf bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] c;kmntfn] nfnk'hf{ lbg' k5{ . ;'sD' af;L hldg !$_kf6L{n] hg;]jf, >dsfo{ / gd'gf ljsf; /fO{, sf7df8f}F SofDk; lhNnf cj:yfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L rf/
;Qfsf] ;+3 / k|bz ] sf] r'gfj k}bf ePsf] ;+s6 xf] . o;sf] btf{sf gfddf clt rsf]{ btf{ z'Ns sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/ ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{o OGrfh{ k|sfz ;L, afUdtL k"ja{ f6 gtzf, kf6L{sf] aLrdf kf6L{ Pstf Pj+
vf/]h cleofg ;~rfng cu|ufdL ;dfwfg j}1flgs c;'Ng] sfo{ aGb u/]/ lgMz'Ns of lnOPsf] 5 .Æ u08sL OGrfh{ k| s fz, lqe' j g qmflGtsf/L w|j' Ls/0fsf] lglDt ;do
ul/of] . pQm cleofg bnfn
k'h F LjfbL ;Qf / Joj:yfsf]
;dfhjfbL ;Qf / Joj:yf dfq
xf] . To;sf nflu kf6L{n] …bnfn
Go"gtd z'Nsdf btf{ ul/g' k5{ .
dhb'/x?sf ;'ljwf s6f}tL ug]{ /
clvn===== ljZjljBfno OGrfh{ clgn, afUdtL
klZrd OGrfh{ ljj]s, pkTosf ljz]if
lgwf{/0f u/L ax; 5nkmn cf/De
ug],{ ;+oQ' m df]rf{nfO{ yk Jojl:yt
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf c;kmntf /
ljsNk j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL k' F h LjfbL ;Qfsf] ljsNk s/f/df sfd u/fpg] cj:yf cGTo ug{' k|ltqmflGtsf] ljifb cg';Gwfg ub}{ If]q OGrfh{ c6nn] sfo{If]qsf] l/kf]6{ ug]{ lg0f{o lnOPsf] 5 .
;Qf / Joj:yf xf] eGg] ;Gb]z j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL ;QfÚ eGg] k5{ . dWod vfnsf / /fli6«o pBf]u l;4fGt / bz{gdf clgZro, /Iff / k]z u/]sf lyP eg] dª\l;/ $ ut]sf] #_ kf6L{ Pstf, ;+oQ' m df]rf{ / sfo{ut
lbg / qmflGtsf/L wf/ :yflkt /fhg}lts gf/fnfO{ d'Vo Joj;fo ubf{ sf]le8, ljleGg /f]u, ?kfGt/0fsf] lgod ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf 5f}ÚF ;+;lbo r'gfjsf] qmddf 3fOt] x'g' ePsf Pstfsf] 7f]; sfo{qmd ljsf; u/L
ug{ ;kmn eof] . agfpg] oBlk kf6L{n] ;+;b\df cfly{s ;+s6sf sf/0f 6f6 klN6Psf pgn] yk] . ljBfyL{ g]tf l8NnL ;LnfO{ k|df0fkq / ;fj{hlgs ug{ cfufdL kmfNu'0f !%
v_ o; k6s ;+3 / k|b]zsf] /x] s f / g/x] s f ljleGg Joj;foLx?nfO{ /fxt lbg' k5{ / …o;f] ug{s ' f] d'Vo sf/0f ljutdf bf];Nnf;lxt ;Ddfg / clegGbg ut] rf/ kf6L{sf] a}7s a:g] lg0f{o
r'gfjnfO{ k|efjsf/L b]vfpg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;fy} cGo pgLx?nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{' k5{ . z}lIfs zf]leot ;+3 / rLgdf lsg k|ltqmflGt ul/Psf] lyof] . lnOPsf] 5 .Ú
b]zsf] ;Qf, ;+;b\jfbL bn /
ljb]zL k'h F LjfbL tTjx?n] 7"nf]
/fhg}lts bnx?;Fu /fHo
?kfGt/0fsf d'2fdf ax; ub}{
a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf
ug{' k5{ . hgtfn] y]Ug} g;Sg] u/L j[l4
x'g k'Uof] eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/ vf]Hg] qmddf clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf dxf;lrj
nlnt ;Ln] ;~rfng u/]sf] s]lGb|o
dlxnfx?sf]=====
o:tf] ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf xf}F . lxhf]sf dlxnf ;+3 qmflGtsf/LsL cWoIf aGw'
nufgL u/]/ v'a k|rf/ u/] . hfg] lg0f{o lnPsf] 5 . eO/x]sf] dxËL /f]lsg' k5{ . oL ljifodf ;dfhjfbdf lsg v|Z' r]e hlGdof], b]ª k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf pkfWoIf g/]Gb| ;Ln] ;Ln] dlxnfx?sf] ;+3if{zLn lj/f;tnfO{
dxfo'4 g} lhtG5 h;/L 3_ ljZjdf xfjL /x]sf] e"d08Ls[t ;+3if{ ul/g] 5 . hlGdP, uf]jf{rf]ex? hlGdP < g]kfndf dGtJoåf/f cltly / ;xefuLx?nfO{ /Iff ug{ dlxnfx? cfkm}F hfu[t x'gk' g]{
tfdemfd / bf}8fbf}8 u/] t/ k'hF Ljfbsf sf/0f dfgj hfltn] ^_ g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ ;lxbx? d'VotM klg s~rg– ;'bz{gx? PsfPs ufnL :jfut u/]sf lyP eg] sfo{qmddf eGb} dlxnfx? j}rfl/s ?kdf :k:6
d+l;/ $ df hgtfn] @ j6f bf];f| ] ljZjo'4 kl5 ;a}eGbf hgo'4 / PsLs[t hgqmflGtdf ug]{ 7fpFdf s;/L kl/0ft eP . of] eg]sf] clvn qmflGtsf/L sf7df8f}F lhNnf x'bF } ;d:ofeGbf klg ;dfwfgnfO{ s]Gb|df
pQ/ / kl/0ffd ;a}n] a'‰g]u/L v/fa cj:yf ef]Ug' kl//x]sf] alnbfg ug]{ dxfg\ ;lxbx?nfO{ ef}ltsjfbL åGåjfbdf clgZrotfsf] ;ldltsf] d'vkq …lju'nÚsf] dxf;lrj /fv]/ cufl8 a9\g] dlxnf g]t[Tj
lbP . klxnf] Oltxf;d} sd 5 . w'j| Ls/0f, åGå, o'4, ljWj+z oyfzL3| /fli6«o ;lxb 3f]if0ff ug{' lgodn] sfd u¥of] eGg] xf] .Ú ljKnjåf/f ljdf]rg ul/Psf] 5 . clxn]sf] cfaZostf /x]sf] atfOg\ .
dtbfg u/]/ of] Joj:yfk|lt
cljZjf; JoQm u/], bf];f| ] s'g}
rln/x]sf] 5 . b}lgs ;of}+ k5{ ;fy} j]kQf of]4x?af/] /fHo …of];uF } gjf}F dxflwj]zgaf6 xfdLn] rf/===== ;+u7gsL cWoIf aGw' ;Lsf]
gful/sx?n] cgfxsdf Hofg af]Ng' k5{ . 3fOt]x?sf] pkrf/sf] PsLs[t cfly{s k|0ffnL, ;L hfltx?sf] df]rf{nfO{ yk Jojl:yt ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf cWoIftfdf a;]sf] rf}yf] a}7sdf kf6L{
Ps bnsf] s'/} 5f]8f}+ b'O{ u'dfpg' k/]sf] 5 . o'qm]g, Joj:yf ug{' k5{ . kl/jf/x?sf] lgdf{0f, gofF lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / ;+u7gsf] 5g\ . rf/ qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o lzn' ;L,
u7aGwgnfO{ ;d]t ;fdfGo dWok"j,{ k"jL{ Pl;ofsf o'4 / ;+/If0f ug{k' 5{ . o;sf nflu kf6L{n] If]qdf tYoåf/f ;Tosf] cGj]if0f ug]{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:ox? cf:yf ;L,
ax'dt lbPgg\ . hgtfn] dt tgfj x] b f{ ljZj t] ; | f ] ;+3if{ ug]{ 5 . k4ltnufotsf sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf a'4gu/ sf7df8f}dF f a;]sf] a}7sn] kf6L{ ljZjqmflGt ;Lnufot ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo
g} lbFbf klg k'/fgf ;+;b\jfbL ljZjo' 4 lt/ ws] n L/x] s f] &_ z}lIfs If]qdf JofKt lghLs/0f, uxg / cfwf/e"t ljifodf gofF lgisif{ Pstf, ;+oQ' m df]rf{ / sfo{ut Pstfsf] ;ldlt ;b:ox¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
bnx?sf] ljsNkdf gofF b]lvG5 . of] e"d08nLs[t Jofkf/Ls/0f / To;n] ;dfhdf lgsfn]sf 5f}F . lgZro g} oL ;jfndf 7f]; sfo{qmd ljsf; u/L ;fj{hlgs lyof] eg] a}7sn] ;+u7gsf sfdx¿sf]
bnx?lt/ 9lNsP . hgtfsf] k'h
F Ljfbs} c;kmntf / ;+s6sf] kfl//x]sf] gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ /f]Sg g]kfnsf ljZjljBfnob]lv cGt/f{li6«o ug{ cfufdL kmfNu'0f !% ut] rf/ kf6L{sf] d"Nof+sg ub}{ cfufdL of]hgf to ug]{
pQ/n] atfpF5 g]kfnL hgtf sf/0fn] eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] /fHon] lzIffnfO{ cfˆgf] bfloTj leq sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf gofF ax; l;h{gf a}7s a:g] lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . atfOPsf] 5 .
bnfn k'h F LjfbL ;Qf, ;+;bLo ;dfwfg klg j} 1 flgs lng' k5{ . ljleGg ljifodf d'VotM
Joj:yf / ;+;b\jfbL bnx?k|lt

lj1fkg Joj;fodf kf/blz{tf sfod u/f}+


;dfhjfbL qmflGt, k'h F Ljfbsf] d]l8sn sn]hsf ljBfyL{x?df
ljZjf; ub}{gg\ . hgtfsf] cGTo / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL eO/x]sf cTofrf/ /f]s/] ljBfyL{;uF
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xNnf ul/P h:tf] /fhg}lts /fhg}lts Pj+ cfly{s clwsf/ / / /fli6«o pBf]uL Joj;foLx?;Fusf]
;Qf / zlQmsf] ljsNk lyPg hghLljsfsf If]qdf . g]kfnsf] ;xsfo{nfO{ nfu" ug]{ 5 . Ph]G;L;Fu dfq lj1fkgsf] sf/f]af/ u/f}+ .
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ltgsf g]tfx?sf] c;kmntf / If]qLo ;fd|fHojfbaf6 /fhg}lts, lgdf{0fsf nflu sDo'lgi6 sn]h
ltgLk|lt a9]sf] cljZjf;sf]
c:yfoL k|ltlqmof dfq lyof] /
cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts If]qdf eO/x]sf]
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;+rfng ug]{ 5 .
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v'ns] f] aLnaf6 dfq eQmfgL u/f},+ u/fcf}+ .
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g]tfx?n] cfk"mn] …Joj:yf xf]Og
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ug],{ vf;u/L Pd;L;L, Pg;]n,
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL ;Qfsf nflu
ljrf/ ldNg];uF Pstf ug],{ d'2f
Ø lj1fkgbftf, lj1fkg Ph]G;L / ;~rf/dfWodaLr lqkIfLo
cj:yf kmg]{Ú eg]/ lbPsf] P;kLkL, clUgky, dflyNnf] s0ff{nL, ldNg];uF ;o'Qm df]rf{ / sfo{ut
k|ltlqmofn] :ki6 ub{5g\ . c?0f tLg, dxfsfnL cltqmd0fsf Pstf ug]{ gLltnfO{ kf6L{n] sfo{Gjog ;Demf}tfsf] cfwf/df sf/f]af/ u/f}+ .
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bnfn k'h F LjfbL ;Qf / ;+;bLo
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u_ olta]nf klg b]z cu|udg / t/fO{df ld6/ Aofh, kxf8df n3'ljQ, ;xsfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{ hfg] lg0f{o
oyfl:yltsf] ;+3if{df 5 . ;x/df rsf]{ a}s + Aofh, s}of}+ ;xsf/L / lnOPsf] 5 .
bnfn k' F h LjfbL ;Qf / dfgj t:s/sf] cft+s 5 . dlxnfdflysf] !@_ kf6L{ s f cflwsfl/s wf/0ff
Joj:yfsf sf/0f b] z df zf]if0f / lx+;f c;Xo k|sf/n] al9/x]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;fy} ;Dk|i] f0f ug{sf nflu
/fhg} l ts cl:y/tf, 5 . /fHon] ld6/ JofhnfO{ ck/fw hgklqsf cgnfOg, b[li6sf]0f
c/fhstf / e"d08nLs[t 3f]if0ff ug{' k5{, n3'ljQ, a}s + x? / klqsf / cGo k|sfzgx? ;+rfng g] k fn ;/sf/

lj1fkg af]8{
k'h F Ljfbsf] x:tIf]k al9/x]sf] ;xsf/Lsf] Aofhb/ Ps c+sleq emfg{' ug]{ ;fy} If]Kof:q ;fKtflxs nufot
5 . cfly{s ;+s6 r'lnFb} hfFbf k5{ . o;sf nflu kmfu'g % ut] ld6/ kf6L{ ;dy{s / ;xof]uL ;+rf/
gful/sx?sf] hLjg si6s/ Jofh, a}s + sf] rsf]{ Aofh / n3'ljQsf dfWodx?;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{ . kmfu'g
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If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
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