DR.

BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY, LONERE 402103

SEMINAR REPORT
on

“ Machine Learning ”

PRESENTED BY

MR.Atharv Shridhar Bakre

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof.Jagtap K.P

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE and ENGINEERING

YASHODA TECHNICAL CAMPUS, WADHE, SATARA

 DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY, LONERE 402103

YSPM’S
YASHODA TECHNICAL CAMPUS, SATARA- 415013

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, Mr. Atharv Shridhar Bakare completed the seminar
report entitled on “ Machine Learning ” under my supervision, in the partial
fulfilment of bachelor of Engineering – Computer Science and Engineering of
University of Dr. BATU. I wish her/ him success in all future endeavors.

PRN:- 2 1 6 7 5 7 1 2 4 2 0 5 4

Date:

Place: Satara

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD

Prof.Jagtap K.P Dr. S V Balshetwar

Examiner Principal

Dr. D S Badkar
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank respected Prof.Jagtap K.P for giving me such a wonderful

opportunity to expand my knowledge for my own branch and giving me guidelines

to present a report. It helped me a lot to realize of what we study for.

We are very thankful to our H.O.D Dr. S V Bashetwar and Principal Dr.D S Badkar

for providing all necessary facility towards completion of my report. I would like to

thank everyone associated with this work for giving their valuable time and support.

PRN:- 2 1 6 7 5 7 1 2 4 2 0 5 4
 INDEX

Abstract
List of Figures
List of Tables
Abbreviations

Chapter No. Title Page No.

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic Concept related to
Seminar
Chapter 2 Literature Survey

Chapter 3 Case Study

Chapter 4 Current trends

Chapter 5 Conclusion

Chapter 6 Future Scope

Chapter 7 References
 ABSTRACT

Present day computer

applications require the
representation of huge amount of
complex
knowledge and data in programs
and thus require tremendous
amount of work. Our ability to
code the computers falls short of
the demand for applications. If
the computers are endowed with
the learning ability, then our
burden of coding the machine is
eased (or at least reduced). This
is
particularly true for developing
expert systems where the
"bottle-neck" is to extract the
expert’s
knowledge and feed the
knowledge to computers. The
present day computer programs
in general
(with the exception of some
Machine Learning programs)
cannot correct their own errors
or
improve from past mistakes, or
learn to perform a new task by
analogy to a previously seen
task.
In contrast, human beings are
capable of all the above.
Machine Learning will produce
smarter
computers capable of all the
above intelligent behavior.
The area of Machine Learning
deals with the design of
programs that can learn rules
from
data, adapt to changes, and
improve performance with
experience. In addition to being
one of the
initial dreams of Computer
Science, Machine Learning has
become crucial as computers are
expected to solve increasingly
complex problems and become
more integrated into our daily
lives. This is a hard problem,
since making a machine learn
from its computational tasks
requires
work at several levels, and
complexities and ambiguities
arise at each of those levels.
So, here we study how the
Machine learning take place,
what are the methods, remedies
associated, applications, present
and future status of machine
learning.
Present day computer
applications require the
representation of huge amount of
complex
knowledge and data in programs
and thus require tremendous
amount of work. Our ability to
code the computers falls short of
the demand for applications. If
the computers are endowed with
the learning ability, then our
burden of coding the machine is
eased (or at least reduced). This
is
particularly true for developing
expert systems where the
"bottle-neck" is to extract the
expert’s
knowledge and feed the
knowledge to computers. The
present day computer programs
in general
(with the exception of some
Machine Learning programs)
cannot correct their own errors
or
improve from past mistakes, or
learn to perform a new task by
analogy to a previously seen
task.
In contrast, human beings are
capable of all the above.
Machine Learning will produce
smarter
computers capable of all the
above intelligent behavior.
The area of Machine Learning
deals with the design of
programs that can learn rules
from
data, adapt to changes, and
improve performance with
experience. In addition to being
one of the
initial dreams of Computer
Science, Machine Learning has
become crucial as computers are
expected to solve increasingly
complex problems and become
more integrated into our daily
lives. This is a hard problem,
since making a machine learn
from its computational tasks
requires
work at several levels, and
complexities and ambiguities
arise at each of those levels.
So, here we study how the
Machine learning take place,
what are the methods, remedies
associated, applications, present
and future status of machine
learning.
Present day computer
applications require the
representation of huge amount of
complex
knowledge and data in programs
and thus require tremendous
amount of work. Our ability to
code the computers falls short of
the demand for applications. If
the computers are endowed with
the learning ability, then our
burden of coding the machine is
eased (or at least reduced). This
is
particularly true for developing
expert systems where the
"bottle-neck" is to extract the
expert’s
knowledge and feed the
knowledge to computers. The
present day computer programs
in general
(with the exception of some
Machine Learning programs)
cannot correct their own errors
or
improve from past mistakes, or
learn to perform a new task by
analogy to a previously seen
task.
In contrast, human beings are
capable of all the above.
Machine Learning will produce
smarter
computers capable of all the
above intelligent behavior.
The area of Machine Learning
deals with the design of
programs that can learn rules
from
data, adapt to changes, and
improve performance with
experience. In addition to being
one of the
initial dreams of Computer
Science, Machine Learning has
become crucial as computers are
expected to solve increasingly
complex problems and become
more integrated into our daily
lives. This is a hard problem,
since making a machine learn
from its computational tasks
requires
work at several levels, and
complexities and ambiguities
arise at each of those levels.
So, here we study how the
Machine learning take place,
what are the methods, remedies
associated, applications, present
and future status of machine
learning.
It is a matter of great pleasure
for me to submit this report on
MACHINE LEARNING, as a
part
of curriculum for award of
BACHELOR’S IN
TECHNOLOGY (CSE) degree
of Rajasthan
Technical University, Kota
(Rajasthan).
At this moment of
accomplishment, I am presenting
my work with great pride and
pleasure, I
would like to express my
sincere gratitude to all those
who helped me in the
successful
completion of my venture. I
would like to thank our
PROF.KAMNA AGARWAL for
helping
me in the successful
accomplishment of my study and
for her timely and valuable
suggestions.
His constructive criticism has
contributed immensely to the
evolution of my ideas on the
subject.
I am exceedingly grateful to
my Head of Department
PROF. MAMTA GARG and
other
faculty members for their
inspiration and encouragement. I
would also like to thank my
parents
and friends for their over
whelming and whole hearted
encouragement and support
without
which this would not have been
successful
It is a matter of great pleasure
for me to submit this report on
MACHINE LEARNING, as a
part
of curriculum for award of
BACHELOR’S IN
TECHNOLOGY (CSE) degree
of Rajasthan
Technical University, Kota
(Rajasthan).
At this moment of
accomplishment, I am presenting
my work with great pride and
pleasure, I
would like to express my
sincere gratitude to all those
who helped me in the
successful
completion of my venture. I
would like to thank our
PROF.KAMNA AGARWAL for
helping
me in the successful
accomplishment of my study and
for her timely and valuable
suggestions.
His constructive criticism has
contributed immensely to the
evolution of my ideas on the
subject.
I am exceedingly grateful to
my Head of Department
PROF. MAMTA GARG and
other
faculty members for their
inspiration and encouragement. I
would also like to thank my
parents
and friends for their over
whelming and whole hearted
encouragement and support
without
which this would not have been
successful
It is a matter of great pleasure
for me to submit this report on
MACHINE LEARNING, as a
part
of curriculum for award of
BACHELOR’S IN
TECHNOLOGY (CSE) degree
of Rajasthan
Technical University, Kota
(Rajasthan).
At this moment of
accomplishment, I am presenting
my work with great pride and
pleasure, I
would like to express my
sincere gratitude to all those
who helped me in the
successful
completion of my venture. I
would like to thank our
PROF.KAMNA AGARWAL for
helping
me in the successful
accomplishment of my study and
for her timely and valuable
suggestions.
His constructive criticism has
contributed immensely to the
evolution of my ideas on the
subject.
I am exceedingly grateful to
my Head of Department
PROF. MAMTA GARG and
other
faculty members for their
inspiration and encouragement. I
would also like to thank my
parents
and friends for their over
whelming and whole hearted
encouragement and support
without
which this would not have been
successful
Present day computer applications require the
representation of huge amount of complex knowledge and data in
programs and thus require tremendous of work. Our ability to
code the computers falls short of the demand for applications. If
the computers are endowed with the learning ability, then our
burden of coding the machine is eased. This is particularly true
for developing expert systems where the “bottle-neck” is to extract
the expert’s knowledge and feed the knowledge to computers. The
present day computer program in general cannot correct their own
errors or improve from past mistakes, or learn to perform a new task
by analogy to a previously seen task. In contract, human being are
capable are of all the above. Machine Learning will produce smarter
computers capable of all the above intelligent behavior.

The area of Machine Learning deals with the design of

programs that can learn rules from data, adapt to changes, and
improve performance with experience. In addition to being one of
the initial dreams of Computer Science, Machine Learning has
become crucial as computers are expected to solve increasingly
complex problem and become more integrated into our daily lives.
This is a hard problem, since making a machine learn from its
computational tasks requires work at several levels, and
complexities and ambiguities arise at each of those levels.

So, here we study how the Machine learning take place, what are
the methods, remedies associated, applications, present and future
status of machine learning.

Chapter 1

Introduction

Machine Learning (ML) is the computerized approach to

analyzing computational work that is based on both a set of theories
and a set of technologies. And, being a very active area of research and
development, there is not a single agreed-upon definition that would
satisfy everyone, but there are some aspects, which would be part of
any knowledgeable person’s definition.

The definition mostly offers is:

Ability of a machine to improve its own performance through
the use of a software that employs artificial intelligence techniques to
mimic the ways by which humans seem to learn, such as repetition
and experience.

Machine Learning (ML) is a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence

(AI) which concerns with developing computational theories of
learning and building learning machines. The goal of machine
learning, closely coupled with the goal of AI, is to achieve a thorough
understanding about the nature of learning process (both human
learning and other forms of learning), about the computational
aspects of learning behaviors, and to implant the learning capability in
computer systems. Machine learning has been recognized as central
to the success of Artificial Intelligence, and it has applications in
various areas of science, engineering and society.

Basic Concept related to Seminar

(1) The Goals of Machine Learning.

(2) Why these goals are important and desirable.

1.1 The Goals of Machine Learning.

The goal of ML, in simples words, is to understand the nature of
(human and other forms of) learning, and to build learning capability
in computers. To be more specific, there are three aspects of the goals
of ML.

(1) To make the computers smarter, more intelligent. The more direct
objective in this aspect is to develop systems (programs) for specific
practical learning tasks in application domains.

(2) To develop computational models of human learning process and

perform computer simulations. The study in this aspect is also called
cognitive modeling.

(3) To explore new learning methods and develop general learning

algorithms independent of applications.

1.2 Why these goals are important and desirable.

It is self-evident that the goals of ML are important and desirable.

However, we still give some more supporting argument to this issue.
First of all, implanting learning ability in computers is practically
necessary. Present day computer applications require the
representation of huge amount of complex knowledge and data in
programs and thus require tremendous amount of work. Our ability
to code the computers falls short of the demand for applications. If the
computers are endowed with the learning ability, then our burden of
coding the machine is eased (or at least reduced). This is particularly
true for developing expert systems where the "bottle-neck" is to
extract the expert’s knowledge and feed the knowledge to computers.
The present day computer programs in general (with the exception of
some ML programs) cannot correct their own errors or improve from
past mistakes, or learn to perform a new task by analogy to a
previously seen task. In contrast, human beings are capable of all the
above. ML will produce smarter computers capable of all the above
intelligent behavior.
Second, the understanding of human learning and its computational
aspect is a worthy scientific goal. We human beings have long been
fascinated by our capabilities of intelligent behaviors and have been
trying to understand the nature of intelligence. It is clear that central
to our intelligence is our ability to learn. Thus a thorough
understanding of human learning process is crucial to understand
human intelligence. ML will gain us the insight into the underlying
principles of human learning and that may lead to the discovery of
more effective education techniques. It will also contribute to the
design of machine learning systems. Finally, it is desirable to explore
alternative learning mechanisms in the space of all possible learning
methods. There is no reason to believe that the way human being
learns is the only possible mechanism of learning. It is worth
exploring other methods of learning which may be more efficient,
effective than human learning. We remark that Machine Learning has
become feasible in many important applications (and hence the
popularity of the field) partly because the recent progress in learning
algorithms and theory, the rapidly increase of computational power,
the great availability of huge amount of data, and interests in
commercial ML application development. Moreover we note that ML
is inherently a multi-disciplinary subject area. We compare the human
learning with machine learning along the dimensions of speed, ability
to transfer, and others. which shows that machine learning is both an
opportunity and challenge, in the sense that we can hope to discover
ways for machine to learn which are better than ways human learn
(the opportunity), and that there are amply amount of difficulties to
be overcome in order to make machines learn (the challenge).

Literature Survey

Tom M. Mitchell [3] in their book “Machine Learning " In the field of
machine learning, he described the study of algorithms that allow
computer programs to improve automatically through experience and
to automatically assume general laws from particular data. Ibtehal
Talal Nafea [4] in their research paper “Machine learning in education
technology” explains the basic perspectives of machine learning in
education and concludes that future learning environments are
likely to be highly personalized so that learners can realize their full
potential in the most satisfying techniques. Ilkka Tuomi [5] in their
report describes "The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Learning,
Teaching, and Education: Policies for the Future". He has defined the
advantages and limitations of machine learning in education. Havan
Agrawal, Harshil Mavani [6] they designed a model that used a
machine learning algorithm called a neural network to predict the
performance of students in an academic institution. This review also
describes the application of machine learning in education.

Case Study

APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING IN EDUCATION

Machine Learning can significantly impact the future of our education.

It is an effective teaching tool because of its ability to adapt and offer
customized curricula. Machine Learning enabled tools help
assesses an individual’s current level of understanding, identify
gaps in the learning of the student and provide real-time solutions.
The technology can also identify areas where teachers are
outnumbered by students and create optimized learning programs
that impact the largest number of students.
4.1 Adaptive Learning: Machine learning allows us to analyze the
performance of each student in real time, and then change the
teaching methods and curriculum based on the analyzed data. The
software helps to suggest ways of learning that a student should go
through. Students receive suggestions on materials and other
teaching methodologies in software.
4.2 Improving the Efficiency: Machine learning makes it much easier
for schools and colleges to better organize and manage their content
and curriculum. It also helps to understand the potential of
everyone in the system and then distributes the work accordingly.
It easily determines which work is best for individual teachers and
which is best for students. Because machine learning greatly
facilitates learning for both teachers and students, it improves
engagement and interest in learning and participation. Needless to
say, this helps to increase the efficiency of the education system.
4.3 Learning Analytics: Teaching materials can often confuse
teachers. When they get stuck in teaching, students cannot properly
master the ideas and essence of the lesson. ML-based learning
analytics can help teachers gain insight into data and enable them to
better understand data. As teachers review countless materials,
analyze, interpret, make connections, and draw conclusions, it
improves the overall teaching and learning process. Learning
analytics also tells you which path of learning an individual student
should take. In fact, it also offers many benefits to students by
providing suggestions on materials and other teaching methodologies
for software.
4.4 Predictive Analytics: Predictive analytics in education is about
knowing the thoughts and needs of students. This helps to draw
conclusions about what may happen in the future. With class tests and
results in six months it was possible to understand which students
will do well in the exam, and who will have a hard time. This helps
teachers and parents to be alert and take action. Thanks to this, the
student can be better helped and work on his weak subjects.

Current trends

Gartner has defined the technological segments that are expected to

have obtained the most machine learning presence in the next 7-8 years.
Among the leading areas that they have mentioned are:

Creative artificial intelligence: AI used for generative texts, code, and

even images and video has gained wide popularity in 2022, especially
with the release of state-of-the-art image generation network by
MidJourney, DALLE-2, Stable Diffusion, and the new text-davinci-003 by
Open AI. Products and services that use generational AI for fashion,
creativity, and marketing will be in high demand in 2023.

Distributed enterprise management: With remote work becoming a

norm, companies were bound to look for new ways to manage the
workforce and maintain efficiency. According to Gartner, ML will help
distributed companies to grow and increase their income.

Automation: Autonomous software systems that can take on increasingly

complicated tasks and adapt to quickly changing conditions are in high
demand in many industries from security to banking. New innovations
that provide for smarter automation will appear in 2023.
Cybersecurity: The importance of cybersecurity is growing every year
with increasing digitalization of various fields of life and the necessity to
protect sensitive information. ML and AI are believed to be crucial in the
role of protecting private data and securing organizations

Conclusion

Second, the understanding of

human learning and its
computational aspect is a worthy
scientific goal. We human
beings have long been fascinated
by our capabilities of intellige
Machine Learning Theory is both a fundamental theory with many
basic and compelling foundational questions, and a topic of practical
importance that helps to advance the state of the art in software by
providing mathematical frameworks for designing new machine
learning algorithms. It is an exciting time for the field, as connections
to many other areas are being discovered and explored, and as new
machine learning applications bring new questions to be modeled and
studied. It is safe to say that the potential of Machine Learning and its
theory lie beyond the frontiers of our imagination.

Future Scope

Research in Machine Learning Theory is a combination of attacking

established fundamental questions, and developing new frameworks
for modeling the needs of new machine learning applications. While it
is impossible to know where the next breakthroughs will come, a few
topics one can expect the future to hold include:
• Better understanding how auxiliary information, such as unlabeled
data, hints from a user, or previously-learned tasks, can best be used
by a machine learning algorithm to improve its ability to learn new
things. Traditionally, Machine Learning Theory has focused on
problems of learning a task (say, identifying spam) from labeled
examples (email labeled as spam or not). However, often there is
additional information available. One might have access to large
quantities of unlabeled data (email messages not labeled by their
type, or discussion-group transcripts on the web) that could
potentially provide useful information. One might have other hints
from the user besides just labels, e.g. highlighting relevant portions of
the email message. Or, one might have previously learned similar
tasks and want to transfer some of that experience to the job at hand.
These are all issues for which a solid theory is only beginning to be
developed.
• Further developing connections to economic theory. As software
agents based on machine learning are used in competitive settings,
“strategic” issues become increasingly important. Most algorithms
and models to date have focused on the case of a single learning
algorithm operating in an environment that, while it may be changing,
does not have its own motivations and strategies. However, if learning
algorithms are to operate in settings dominated by other adaptive
algorithms acting in their own users’ interests, such as bidding on
items or performing various kinds of negotiations, then we have a
true merging of computer science and economic models. In this
combination, many of the fundamental issues are still wide open.

References

 Anjali Jagwani, A REVIEW OF MACHINE LEARNING IN EDUCATION

Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), ©
2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-
5162).
 Kucak, D[anijel]; Juricic, V[edran] & Dambic, G[oran] (2018). Machine
Learning in Education - a Survey of Current Research Trends,
Proceedings of the 29th DAAAM International Symposium, pp.0406-
0410, B. Katalinic (Ed.), Published by DAAAM International, ISBN 978-3-
902734-20-4, ISSN 1726-9679, Vienna, Austria DOI:
10.2507/29th.daaam.proceedings.059
 Tom M. Mitchell. Machine Learning. McGraw-Hill
Science/Engineering/Math; (March 1, 1997)
 Ibtehal Talal Nafea(2018),"Machine Learning in Educational Technology"
In Machine Learning(), In tech Open, Rijeka. Retrieved from
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72906
 The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Learning, Teaching, and
Education: Policies for the Future. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329544152.
 https://data-flair.training/blogs/machine-learning-tutorial/

 https://data-flair.training/blogs/machine-learning-in-education/

 https://www.thetechedvocate.org/8-ways-machine-learning-will-
improve-education/

 https://www.mathworks.com/discovery/
machinelearning.html#:~:text=How%20Machine%20Learning
%20Works,intrinsic%20structures%20in%20input%20data.

 Architecture of Machine Learning. Retrieved from

https://towardsdatascience.com/machine-learning-65dbd95f1603 [18]
The Benefits and Limitation of Machine Learning in Education. Retrieved
from https://www.thetechedvocate.org/thebenefits-and-limitations-of-
machine-learning-in-education/