Set-2

33. Two capacitors of capacitances 3 𝜇𝐹 and 5 𝜇𝐹 are charged to potentials of 300V

and 500V respectively. They are connected by a wire. Calculate the common
potential, charge on each capacitor and the loss of energy.
Solution: Let 𝐶1 =3 𝜇𝐹, 𝐶2 =5 𝜇𝐹 and 𝑉1 =300 V, 𝑉2 =500 V
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑕𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
Common potential =
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

Total charge 𝑞 = 𝑞1 + 𝑞2
𝑞 = 𝐶1 𝑉1 + 𝐶2 𝑉2 = 3x10−6 x300 + 5x10−6 x500 = 3.4x10−3 𝐶
Effective capacitance= 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 =8𝜇𝐹(because they are connected in parallel)
3.4x10 −3
∴ Common potential 𝑉 = = 425 V
8x10 −6

Charge on each capacitor:

𝑄1 = 𝐶1 𝑉= 3x10−6 x 425 = 1.275x10−3 𝐶
𝑄2 = 𝐶2 𝑉= 5x10−6 x 425 = 2.125 x10−3 𝐶
Loss of energy = total final energy~ total initial energy
Total initial energy
1 1 1 1
= 𝐶1 𝑉1 2 + 𝐶2 𝑉2 2 = x3x10−6 (300)2 + x5x10−6 (500)2 = 0.76 J
2 2 2 2
1 1
Total final energy = (𝐶1 + 𝐶2 )𝑉 = x8x10−6 x(425)2 = 0.7225 J
2
2 2
∴ Loss of energy = 0.76−0.7225 = 0.0375 J
34. A uniform copper wire of length 2m and cross-sectional area 5x 10−7 𝑚2 carries
a current of 2A. Assuming that there are 8x1028 free electrons per 𝑚3 of copper,
calculate the drift velocity of electrons. How much time will an electron take to
drift from one end of the wire to the other?
Solution: 𝑙 = 2m, A = 5x10−7 m2 , 𝐼 = 2A, n = 8x1028
We know that 𝐼 = neAvd
I 2
Drift velocity vd = = = 3.125x10−4 m/s
neA 8x10 28 x1.6x10 −19 x5x 10 −7

If `t’ is the time taken by electron to travel the length ` 𝑙′ of the wire,
𝑙 2
t= = = 6.4x103 s
vd 3.125x10 −4

35. A resistance of 600 Ω, an inductor of 0.4 H and a capacitor of 0.01 𝜇𝐹 are

connected in series to an AC source of variable frequency. Find the frequency of
AC source for which current in the circuit is maximum. Also calculate the band
width and quality factor for the circuit.
Solution: Given R = 600Ω, L = 0.4 H, C = 0.01𝜇𝐹
1 1
Resonant frequency 𝜈0 = = = 2516.5 Hz
2𝜋 𝐿𝐶 2𝜋 0.4x0.01x10 −6
𝜔0𝐿 2𝜋𝜈 0 𝐿 2𝜋x2516.5x0.4
Quality factor Q = = = =10.54
𝑅 𝑅 600
 resonance frequency
Quality factor =
band width
resonance frequency 2516.5
Band width = = = 238.8 Hz
quality factor 10.54

36. A convex lens of focal length 0.24 m and of refractive index 1.5 is completely
immersed in water of refractive index 1.33. Find the change in focal length of the
lens.
Solution: Given n𝑔 = 1.5 , n𝑤 = 1.33 and f =0.24m (in air)
1 1 1
When the lens is in air, = (n𝑔 − 1) −
f R1 R2
1 1 1
= (1.5 − 1) − ------------------ (1)
0.24 R1 R2
When the lens is immersed in water,
1 n𝑔 1 1
= −1 −
f n𝑤 R1 R2

1 1.5 1 1
= −1 −
f 1.33 R1 R2

1 1 1
= 1.1278 − 1 − ------------------ (2)
f R1 R2
f 0.5
Dividing equation (1) by (2) =
0.24 0.1278

f = 0.94 m
Change in focal length = 0.94−0.24 = 0.70 m
37. Ultraviolet light of wavelength 2271 Å from a 100 W mercury source irradiates a
photocell made of molybdenum metal. If the stopping potential is 1.3 V, estimate
the work function of the metal. How would the photocell respond to a high
intensity red light of wavelength 6328 Å produced by a He-Ne laser?
Solution: Given 𝜆=2271 Å, V0 =1.3 V and Φ0 =?
Using the formula Φ0 = hν − eV0
hc
Φ0 = − eV0
λ
6.63x10 −34 x3x10 8
Φ0 = − 1.6x10−19 x1.3 = 6.7x10−19 J
2271x10 −10
= 4.2 eV
If `𝜈0 ’ is the threshold frequency, then h𝜈0 = Φ0
Φ 6.7x10 −19
𝜈0 = 0 = ≈ 1.0x ≈ 1015 Hz
h 6.63x10 −34
For red light, 𝜆r = 6328 Å
c 3x10 8
Then frequency, 𝜈r = = = 4.741014 Hz
𝜆r 6328x10 −10
Since 𝜈r < 𝜈0 , the photocell will not respond to this red light.