Jadjurie, Kyla Michelle B.

BSED 3-C

1. SOCIAL BELIEFS AND COSTUMES

Social Beliefs
1. Mano Po is first on the list. When children or young people greet
or say goodbye to their elders, they typically do so by taking the elder's
right hand in their own and lightly touching the back of the elder's hand
on their forehead. It is a form of respect for the elders, and I believe it is
also a form of blessing for the elders.

2. Then there's the fact that Filipinos are among the friendliest people
you'll meet. Foreign visitors are treated with the utmost respect in the
country. This characteristic is commonly observed during fiestas and
holidays, when many Filipinos do their best to entertain their visitors.

3. Bayanihan - It is the spirit of communal unity or the effort to achieve

a specific goal. Nowadays, it is used to describe an outpouring of
community spirit, in which people give their all to the common good
without expecting recognition or personal gain.

4. Courtship - Serenading, or Harana in Tagalog, is a popular form of

courtship used to demonstrate to a woman that a man is serious about
his intentions. To perform a serenade, the young man would have to sing
a love song in front of the young lady's house.

5. Religion - Their habit of going to church and frequently praying

demonstrates that Filipinos have a strong faith and belief in religion.
They are so devoted to religion that many will risk their lives just to touch
the Black Nazarine (in Quiapo Manila).

6. Superstition - These beliefs are derived from various sayings and

beliefs of our forefathers that aim to prevent danger or to make a person
refrain from doing something specific. These beliefs are part of our culture
because they are influenced by what their customs, traditions, and culture
have dictated to explain certain phenomena or to scare people.

Costumes
The baro't saya, the Philippines' national costume, is an elegant hybrid of
Filipino and Spanish clothing styles of women. The term is derived from
the Tagalog words"baro at saya," which means "blouse and skirt," which
are still the basic components of the ensemble. The silhouette of the
garment, made of pineapple cloth, the indigenous textile of the Philippine
Islands, relates to traditional Spanish costume, particularly in the cut of the
sleeves, the shawl collar, and trailing skirt. While, the official national costume
of Filipino men is the barong Tagalog. It is worn over a camisa de Chino, a
Chinese collarless shirt. Its loose and long lines can be traced back to its
Chinese origins, the airy tropical look of Indo-Malay costume, the elongated
effect of Hindu dressing, and the ornamental restraint of European men's clothing.
 2. RELIGION, FESTIVALS, AND HOLIDAYS

Religion
● Christian
Christianity is the majority religion in the Philippines, accounting for
roughly 90% of the population. The Catholic Church is the overwhelming
majority, followed by Protestant Christians, including the popular Iglesia
ni Cristo, independent Christian churches, and indigenous Catholic
churches like the Aglipayan Church.

● Muslim
The main Muslim tribes in Southern and Southeastern Mindanao are
the Maranao and Maguindanao (both of which have a population of
over 700,000), the Tausug (325,000), Samal, Yakan, Sangil, and some
smaller groups such as the Palawani on the western island of Palawan
(10,500).

Festivals
● Ati-Atihan
This week-long Mardi Gras-style celebration began in the 13th century
with a group of fair-skinned Malay immigrants honoring the darker
Ati locals who welcomed them. During Spanish rule, the event was
expanded to include paying homage to Santo Niño (Jesus the child).
The festival is held in Kalibo, Aklan during the third week of January
and culminates in a massive Sunday Parade in which brightly
costumed revelers with black skin transport a revered icon of Santo
Nino from Kalibo Cathedral to the nearby Pastrana Park.

● Sinulog Festival
This is one of the Philippines' largest festivals to honor Santo Nio
and recognize the acceptance of Christianity, taking place on the
third Sunday of January in Cebu City. The main event is a shuffling
dance prayer performed by brightly costumed participants in a
grand parade.

● Dinagyang Festival
This Filipino festival is very similar to the Ati-Atihan celebration
held on the fourth Sunday of January in Iloilo City. Long into the
night, parades of people painted black and dressed in tribal warrior
garb dance, chant, stomp, and beat drums in honor of Santo Niño
and the Christianization of the local people.

● Panagbenga Flower Festival

The three-day Panagbenga festival is held in Baguio City every
February. Participants dress up in colorful costumes reminiscent
of highland flowers and tribes, and parades and native dancing
mark the beginning of the growing season.

Holidays
● Christmas
The predominantly Catholic Philippines has the world's longest
Christmas season, which lasts from mid-December to the first
week of January. The celebrations begin with a series of Midnight
Masses known as Simbang Gabi, followed by a Christmas Eve feast
at midnight and Christmas Day. It is a time for eating, drinking, and
gift giving at all large family gatherings.

● Eid-ul-Adha
Commemorates Prophet Ibrahim's devotion to Allah SWT and
willingness to sacrifice his son, Ismail. At the point of sacrifice,
Allah SWT substituted a ram for Ismail, which was to be slaughtered
in place of his son. This command from Allah SWT put Prophet Ibrahim
to the test of his willingness and commitment to obey his Lord's
command without question. As a result, Eid-ul-Adha is known as
the festival of sacrifice.

3. MUSIC AND DANCE

Music
Bahay Kubo (Folk Song)
"Bahay Kubo" is a popular Filipino folk song. It describes a small hut (kubo in Tagalog) surrounded by a
variety of vegetables.

Paruparong bukid(Folk Song)

Paru-Parong bukid is a traditional "Kutang-Kutang" Filipino folk song that originated in the 1890s from
"Mariposa Bella," a Filipino song in Spanish .

Dance
Tinikling
The traditional dance, which usually involves two bamboo poles,
is considered the oldest in the country, and its popularity has
spread throughout the world, particularly in the United States.

Cariñosa
Carinosa dance is a style of South East Asian dance from the
Philippines. Carinosa literally means "loving or affectionate one"
in English. This 'romantic' Philippines dance originated in the
colonial-era Panay island from the Maria Clara suite of Philippine
folk dances and is said to have been heavily influenced by Hispanic
culture. This dance form makes extensive use of a fan
or handkerchief.

4. LITERATURE AND ARTS

Literature
● Noli me Tangere
Is the first novel written and published in Germany in 1887 by
Filipino patriot and national hero Dr. José P. Rizal. The story is set
in Philippine society during the Spanish colonial period, and it depicts
the aristocracy as the driving force behind the poverty and abuse of
colonialists.
● El Filibusterismo
Is the sequel to Noli Me Tangere by Jose Rizal. Thirteen years after
the apparent death of Crisostomo Ibarra, a mysterious man
named Simoun appears, quickly gaining favor with the Spanish
rulers and high society of nineteenth-century Manila.

Arts
● Spoliarium
The largest painting in the Philippines, is one of Filipino painter
Juan Luna's most notable works. It depicts the bloody gladiator
matches of the Romans, but it is also an allegory for the despair
and abuses that Filipinos endured during the Spanish rule in
the country.

● Planting Rice
Fernando Amorsolo, a Filipino painter known for his distinct art
style and realistic paintings, is best known for his depictions of the
country's culture,picturesque landscapes, portraits of women, and
scenes from World War II. "Planting Rice," one of his most popular
paintings, depicts a group of farmers both men and women toiling
in the sun.

5. CUISINE

● Lechon
Lechon, also known as "roasted suckling pig," is a popular Filipino
dish served at celebrations and special occasions such as birthdays
and weddings.

● Bulalo
Bulalo, a popular Filipino beef dish, is typically a light-colored soup
made by simmering beef shanks and bone marrows until the collagen
and fat into the broth. This popular Filipino soup also includes
leafy vegetables, cob, scallions, garlic, onion, ginger, scallions,
and fish sauce, in addition to the beef.

6. MASS MEDIA

● Manila Bulletin
By circulation, it is the Philippines' largest English-language
broadsheet newspaper. It was founded in 1900 and is the
Philippines' second oldest extant newspaper, as well as the
Far East's second oldest English newspaper. It calls itself
"The Nation's Leading Newspaper," according to its
official slogan.

● GMA Network
Is a free-to-air television and radio network in the
Philippines. It is the flagship property of GMA Network,
Inc. a publicly traded company. It was first shown on
television on October 29, 1961.

7. CLOTHING

● Barong Tagalog
(a formal garment, typically made of thin fabric and richly
embroidered) is worn by both men and women. It is worn over
a regular shirt and resembles a tunic or shirt with long sleeves.
Barong tagalog is commonly worn by Filipino men with a Chinese
collarless shirt (called "camisa de Chino"). Barong tagalog can easily
transform European-style clothing into Filipino clothing. Traditional
patterns are ornamented or embroidered on it. It can also be made
from a variety of fabrics, the majority of which are natural, such as
piña fabric (hand-woven from pineapple leaf fibers), jusi fabric
(machine-woven from banana silk), and banana fabric (hand-woven
from banana fiber).

● Mestiza Dress
It is a formal gown made of lace and richly embroidered. It has sleeves
with butterflies. And it appears to be quite charming. Actually, mestiza
dress is a more refined version of baro at saya. Saya baro means blouse
and skirt and has many variations. People in the Philippines are very
accustomed to wearing baro at saya. Previously, it was simply a short
blouse with long sleeves and a long wrap around skirt. However, in
modern times, this national costume can be very ornate and beautiful.

8. SPORTS

● Arnis
Arnis is a martial arts sport that originated in the
Philippines. Arnis was created as a self-defense system
for both injury-free training and effective self-defense.

● Sipa
Sipa (also known as Takyan) is a native Filipino game
that predates the country's 15th-century Spanish rule.
It is a difficult sport because it requires speed, agility,
stamina, and a high level of ball control.

● Dumog
Is a standing upright style of wrestling practiced in
the Philippines that employs grappling techniques
from Filipino martial arts. The goal of the sport is the
same as any other wrestling match: wrestlers must force
their opponents to the ground. This wrestling style is only
practiced in the Philippines.