NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND WATER ENGINEERING GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Tew 3210 Second Semester Examinations paper May 2020 This examination paper consists of 9 pages Time Allowed: 3 hours 100 Total Mark Special requirements: Graph paper Internal Examiner: Eng. S.T. Nhandara External Examiner: Dr A. Mhizha INSTRUCTIONS 1. Answer any four questions 2. Each question carries 25 marks 3. Clearly state any assumptions made MARK ALLOCATION QUESTION MARKS a 25, 2 25 3 25 2 25 e 25 Page |1 esa ENG HEAT 5 ‘pyright: National University of Science and Technology, 2020QUESTION 1 Using the Swedish method of slices, determine the factor of safety for the slope shown in Figure 1. The shear strength parameters are: p = 35°, C= 8kPa and y = 20kN/m3, There is no ground (25 marks) water. Figure 1 2 UESTION 2 * ‘, a. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using soil nails (4 marks) b. Outline the geologic conditions that are suitable for soil nail reinforcement (3 marks) c. A slope composed of soft dolomite is to be stabilized using rotary drilled soil nails to allow for the construction of a structure whose surcharge load is 50kPa. Design a soil nail system given that the unstable rock surface is 35m long and 7m high. The rock parameters are C= 10kPa, g= 33°, y = 19kN/m*, The factors of safety are Fos = 1.5 and Fyutiow = 2. The angle of inclination of soil nails is 15° and the angle of slope failure is 45°, (11 marks) Design a geogrid reinforcement system for a 9m high slope which is inclined at 60° and supports a surcharge load of 28kPa, The soil parameters are @= 35°, y= 19.5kN/m? while the geogrid has a tensile strength of 250kN/m, RFin= 1.5, RFcr=2 and RFp=1.8, The factor of safety is 1.5 (7 marks) QUESTION 3 ea 8.2m high wall retains soil comprised of three layers whose properties are shown in Table 1 ‘or a surcharge load of 80kPa, determine the active force and its distance from the bi : Wall. The water table is located 1.5m below the ground surface @s oy 7 marks) Page |2 Copyri i PYright: National University of Science and Technology, 2020Tablet Sontayer [tm [Casey [oC _| va kim! Yat kN] ‘Top layer 23 7 15 16 185 Middle layer aM 0 22 19 21 Bottom layer_ | _2.8 10 4 20.2 218 QUESTION 4 (5 marks) a. Outline the factors that influence liquefaction : : b. Table 2 illustrates the soil profile of a borehole (BH-1) that was drilled at a location where the earthquake magnitude is 6.1 and the peak ground accelerations are 0588 Given that the water table level is at a depth of 1.8m, conduct the liquefaction potenti analysis. Leet Table 2 f BH-L af epth im) |sern [cx | y.kw/m? 02 7 sz | 185 a wf fat 46 zm fa [3 es ia | 9 (20 marks) QUESTION 5 a. Define dynamic compaction (2 marks) b. What are the functions of dynamic compaction (4 marks) c. A site measuring 12ha. is to be compacted with a 32T dynamic compactor whose diameter is 2.5m and N = 17 drops. The soil profile consists of a top layer of dry clay 3.0m thick with Cu = 30kPa, a middle layer of dry sand 1.5m thick and a bottom layer of saturated sand 2.2m thick. Calculate: i, The required height of fall (marks) ii, The number of passes @ mats) } The induced settlement @ marks) \ 4 iv. The number of compaction points (2 marks) 4. 8m deep stone columns with a diameter of 0.6m were designed to support a building load of 150kPa. The stones have an angle of intemal friction of 35°. | Given that the col ‘were constructed in soil with a friction angle of 0°, unit weight of 18kN/m?. Serer 25kPa and yt, = 5, for a 1.2m x 1.2m cell determine: i. The basic improvement factor 4 marks) Page |3 Copyright: National University of Science and Technology, 2020ji, The reduced improvement factor (4 marks) iii, The improvement factor with overburden consta (2 marks) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION est . = = p=n\mk =D =0.4 5 Oe (HEB) PH +AC—WaDuo = NuGnCrCaCaCs — (Widener = a+ BOD G0 iv er (6048)? (60° (ha) cRR= (ork Cee) CRY-28) nec seman O,p=1 (16-722) rols =12 5% < FC < 35%: Fa), p= 0.99 +22 FC > 35%a= 5,8 =1- CSR=0.65x"Hx Zerg 7<9.1Sm:rg=1— 0.007652 2>9.15m:rg = 1.174 0.00262 LPI= ThywiFiy 2 < 20miw = 100.52 z>20m:w=0 FS < 1.0: FS FS>10:F =0 Fm Hebeeowe deere) and = CHL X Cal x CH Xj rom cart) C* a Cw =15-0.15Dan+0.0065 Dat C=-4C*+1.09>0.85 Cr = 0.52Fos + 0.3> 1 ‘Anchor force T = (P+ yH/2) HeosB (F - cotBtang) ~ (CH/sinB) i = SuPon ‘Sin (A+B) tang + F cos (A+B) Ve = ays _ Aros, fe Symax = Fymmar oy = tan (Se Sky? xsi Peas Parazky — 2eV/ Ka P.= 12k.yH? Pp=azky + 20 Ky [eee 7 hack 10s 4) U2kyyD? +2C fe D Ne Ae a-a—"/4) m4 Fy Ne TET Ae, Gea) a~ Nite = 22 aga — fyn 1-2], tang = m'tang, + (1—m" a45ing. e+ —m'tanp, gy = (HEM yi + 4c Page la re Nati ‘Pyright: National University of Science and Technology, 2020| “Depth Conect a rod length, OK 075 08 085 095 = 10-30 10 LPI Severity oO None 05 Low 5-15 Medium >Is High_ Fines (%) [Q_ R 5% silt 91 0.99 10% silt 93 0.98 2% clay 12.1 0.96 5% clay 17 0.95 10% clay 10.9 08 Approximate induced settlement as % of treatment depth Soil type % depth (Natural clays 13 Clay fills 35 Natural sands 310 Granular fills 5-15 Refuse and peat 7.20 Range of n values for various soil types Soil type Degree of Recommended saturation value Pervious soil deposits - High 0s Granular soils low 05-06 Semipervious soil deposits - High 0.35 -0.40 Primarily silts with plasticity low 04-05 index of <8 Impervious deposits - Primaril Iper nd “posits ily ligh Not recommended. clayey soils with plasticity Low ‘index of > 8 pee Soils should be at ‘Water content. less than the plastic limit Page |5 a Fam ae oPyright: National University of Science and Technology, 2020[Addition to the Area Ratio A (A/A,) ‘ Peet » 0 ‘Constrained Modulus Ratio D,/D, Influence Factory Area Rl Page l6 Copyright: National University of Science and Technology, 20201a = ral eee Ly l= t + 4 FH) 10 fou | : " JN 06 + | PW 04 K * a2 | Ny aN 00 L SEES 3» 4 5 7 M a 0 0 on Slope angle BY Slope angle p* inimum required length ¢) Miniznum requited eng! theta aby Do Seating os a = » 0 0 70 Slope angle 8° (0) Minimum required (0108 Keay wm “Threaded sol nal bar properties Grado S25MPa Bar diameter (mm) Cross sectional area (mm!) _| Maximum Axial Load (KN) 19 284 17 2 3817 206 25 510 264 29 645 334 32 819 a4 36 1006 526 45 1452 151 Page l7 Copyright: National University of Science and Technology, 2020Construction method Rotary drilled Soll /rock type ‘Sott dolomi Fisoured dolomite Weathered Ultimate bond strength, fray 300-400 ~ 100 - 300, “500-600 400 - 60% ‘600 - 1000 200-300 ido - 150, iod-180 109-150 - 30-120 Piedmont residval 40-120 ; ~~ Fine cottusium 75-150 Sand gravel : 190-240 Driven easing -lowoserbunden 280-450 thigh overburden | Dense moraine 380-480 Colluviuin 100 - 180 Augered Silt sand fill ~ 20-40 Silty fine sand —$5-90 Silty clayey sand 60-140 Jet granted) Sand 380 . Sand gravel 700 Page 18 Copyright: National University of Science and Technology, 2020UH a) | » 0 7 £ = 8 03 eg 5 b- 3 a2 = ot 1 E i 2 (b) i 0 0 ot » 02 03 04 Normalised bond strength jp. Page 19 Copyright: National University of Science and Technology, 2020