10

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 25:
Union and intersection of Events
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Module 25: Union and Intersection of Events

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Marife S. Osorio

Editors:
Reviewers: Joy G. Cabrera, Amy B. Dumail
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
 Mathematics 10

Solving problem Involving Combination

To the Learner
The concepts of sets is the basic analogy to our life. There are
objects that are similar and objects that are inter- related. In everything we
do, we always have a bases or criteria in putting things together.. In a
classroom for instance students having the same hobbies join together,
students with the same sets of values go together. In our home, things
that are alike are put together and objects of the same value are together,
best examples are the utensils, school supplies and a lot more. This
module will you help you understand events, union and intersection of
events.
.

In this module you are expected to demonstrate understanding on

the concepts about Permutations and Combinations. Specifically you
should be able to :

1. Illustrates events, and union and intersection of

events.
2. List down sample space of an experiment.
3. Find the union and intersections of events.

Vocabulary List

Complement of an Event - a set of all outcomes that are NOT in the

event. If A is the event, the complement of an event A is denoted by A’ (
read as A prime)

Compound Events – a composition of two or more simple events

.
Events - is a subset of sample space of an experiment.

Experiment – is a process that an be done repeatedly.

Intersection of Events – is a set that contains all of the elements that are
in both events. The intersection of an event is written as A ∩ B.

Union of Events – a set that contains all of the elements that are in at
least one of the two events, The union is written as A ∪ B.

Universal Set – the set containing all objects or elements and of which all
other sets are subsets.

Venn Diagram - a diagram that uses circles to represent sets, in which

the relations between the sets are indicated by the arrangement of the
circles.

Let’s Try This

Choose the letter of the correct answer

1. The set of all possible outcomes is _______;
A. Event C. sample point
B. Sample space D. experiment

2. The sample space for tossing three coins consists of how many
outcomes?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
3. The combined events A and B are shown in a Venn Diagram by the
area,
A. inside both region A and B C. included in region A or region B
B. outside the two region D none of these

U
A
B
1 52 5
10 11
2 4
7
6 9
3 8
4. Which set best describes the event set of A ∪ B?

A. { 7, 10, 11} C, { 1,2,3,4,5,7,9, 10}

B. { 1,2,3,4,5 ,7,8,9, 10,11} D. { 7, 10 }

5. Which of the following describes the event A ∪ B?

A.{ 7, 10, 11} C, { 1,2,3,4,5,7,9, 10}
B.{ 1,2,3,4,5 ,7,8,9, 10,11} D. { 7, 10 }

Study and Learn!

Learning Activities

In this module you will learn simple probability, experiments,

outcomes, sample space and probability of an event.

Let me start with the tree diagram below the experiment involved is
two coins are tossed , H stands for head and T stands for Tail. Let us
determined the possible outcomes or sample point of an experiment.
Typically, any subset of the sample space is an event. Since all events
are sets, they are usually written as sets ( e.g. { 1,2,3,4,5,6 }.

H HH

H T HT

T H TH

T TT
 The sample space denoted by S are HH, HT, TH and TT, in symbols
it can be written as:

S = { HH, HT, TH , TT )
So there are 4 possible outcomes. Suppose we want to find out the
event ( E) of getting both heads and an event of getting at least one head,
thus ,
E = both are heads = { HH}
E = at least one head = { HT, TH, HH}

From the above events, event having only one outcome is called
Simple Event, so getting both head, S = { HH} , is a simple event.
Whereas, event having more than one outcome is called Compound
Event so getting at least on head, S = ( HT, HT,HH}, is a compound
event.

Example for Simple events

• rolling a 3 on a die, S = { 3 )
• drawing an ace of hearts from a deck of cards S = { A }
• tossing a head with a coin S = { H }
Examples of compound events
• rolling an even number less than 5 on a die S = { 1,2,3,4 }
• drawing a red ace from a deck of cards S = { A , A }
• rolling an even number on a die then tossing a head on a coin.
S = { h2, h4,h6 }

The operation on sets like union and intersection an be applied

to events. Its concepts is the same as the set of real numbers.

The union of event A and event B is represented by A ∪ B. It

contains the outcomes of A and/ or B .Intersection of A and event B is
represented by A ∩ B. It contains the outcomes of event A and Event B.
The union and intersection of two events can be illustrated by Venn
Diagram

Example

Below is the Venn Diagram showing the outcomes of two events, A

and B. U is refers to universal set.
U

A Aa B
5
3A 1
4 6
2

The outcome of events A are 3,4,5,6, and event B are 1,2,5,6. Thus

A = { 3, 4, 5, 6 }
B = { 1 ,2 , 5, 6 }
A U B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }

The shaded portion represents the union of two sets.

Using the same events, the shaded is the overlap portion of the
event diagram, represents the intersection of two sets,

U
A
B
3 5
1
4 6 2

A = { 3, 4, 5, 6 }
B = { 1 ,2 , 5, 6 }
 A ∩ B = { 5, 6 }

These concepts are applied in getting the probability of the

compound events.

Have you understand union of sets? How about intersection of sets

Well, its time for you answer the exercises below.

Let’s Do This

Practice Task 1
Give the sample space of the following experiment.
1. Drawing chips numbered from 1 to 15 in a bowl
2. Rolling 2 dice
3. Selectin a day in a week
4. Spinning a spinner from 1 to 20.
5. Tossing a coin and rolling a die simultaneously
6. Number in Bingo game
7. Rolling a dice twice
8. Gender of 2 children in a family
9. Gender of 3 children in a family
10. Selection of biscuits ( Fita, Skyflakes, Oreo ) and drinks (
coke, apple juice, tea)

Let’s Do More

Practice Task 2
Explore the following experiments
1. Toss three fair coins What is the event that:
a. Two heads and a tail come up?
 b. At least two tails come up
c. Head comes up

2. The digits 1, 2, 3, … 9, 10 are written on the slips of paper, placed

in a box and mixed thoroughly. One slip of paper is chosen at
random. List the sample space. Find the event that the number
drawn is :
a. odd
b. even
c. even and greater than 5
d. greater than 3 but less than 9
e. odd and less than 4

Let’s Try Harder

Answer each of following problems.

1. Consider the b,owl which contains balls numbered 1 to 20. If a
ball is drawn randomly from the bowl, give the following event:
a. Event C are odd numbers
b. Event D are multiples of 5
c. Event E are multiples of 3
Make a Venn diagram showing the relationship of the three events.
2. The number of students and their favorite food are shown in the
Venn Diagram below.

MCDO Jollibee

12

25 45

a. Give the event.

 b. How many like MCDO?
c. How many like Jollibee?
d. How many like both Jollibee and MCDO?

Let’s Test Ourselves

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. A man tosses a fair coin eight times, and observes whether the
toss yields a head (H) or a tail (T). Which of the following
sequences of outcomes yields a head (H) on his next toss?
(I) T T T T T T T T (II) H H T H T T H H
A. I B. Neither I nor II C . II D. Either I or II

2.In tossing a coin twice, how many outcomes does it have?

A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

3. Given A = { 1 ,2 3} and B = { 3 ,4, 5 }. What is A U B ?

A.{ 1,2,3,4,5 } C. { 3 ,4 5}
B . { 1,2,3) D. { 3}

4. Given X = { 2,4,6,8,10 } and Y = { 1 ,2,3,4,5,6,}, Find X ∩ Y

A. { 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10} C. { 2,4,6,8,10 }
B. { 1,2,3,4,5,6,} D. ( 2,4,6 }

5. What is the X U Y?
A. { 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10} C. { 2,4,6,8,10 }
B. { 1,2,3,4,5,6,} D. ( 2,4,6 }
 Let’s Enrich Ourselves

`
Our new normal in school is different from you use it to be, Home
Weekly Task was given each week by your adviser, with the schedules
and time you have at home, how related are your task in every subject?
You prepare a your activity using Venn Diagram be specific with your
task.Them write 5 sentences that will describe your diagram.
 ANSWER KEY

Let’s Try This

1. B
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. D

Let’s Do This

1. S= { 1,2,3,4,5,… 14,15 }
2. S = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), …(6,5),(6,6)}
3. S = { S, M, T, W, T, F S}
4. S = ( 1,2,3,4,…18,19,20 }
5. S = (1H,1T,2H,2T, 3H,3T,4H,4T,5H,5T,6H,6T}
6. S = { 1,2,3,4,5,…, 70,71,72,73,74, 75}
7. S = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), …(6,5),(6,6)}
8. S = { BB,BG,Gb,GG}
9. S = { BBB,BBG,BGB,BGG,BGG,GBG,GGB,GGG}
10. S= { f,sc,oc,fa,sa,oa,ft,st,ot}

Let’s Do More
1. a. E = { HHT,HTH, THH}
b. E = { HTT, THT, TTH, TTT }
c. E = { HHH }
2. a. E = { 1,3,5,7,9 }
b. E = { 2,4,6,8,10 }
c. E = { 6,8, 10 }
d. E = { 4,5,6,7,8 }
e. E = { 1 , 3 }
 Let’s Try Harder

1. a. E= { 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19}
b. E = { 5,10,15,20 }
c. E = { 3,6,9,12,15,18 }

a b
1 5 7 5 10 20

11 13 19
17 15
3 9

6 12 18
c

2. a. 25
b. 45
c. 12

Let’s Test Ourselves

1. D
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. A

Let’s Enrich Ourselves

This will give an opportunity to the student to think criticially by
working with the relatedness of school and home activity. Check
for the studnets responses against the weekly home plan.