‘She has a great notebook. She must be a = Possibility -He may invite us to the party / He may MAY Permission: Allow & * Polite request / permission | not be ready Be allowed to * Speculation about sthisb | - May | interrupt you? _ _ _ : - He may/might/could be in the library MIGHT Possibility | They might invite us to the party | Speculation about sth/sb | MUST Speculation: Certainty that 7 i something is true good student E CAN'T Speculation: Certainty that It can't be raining. The ground is not wet. _ e something is impossible ial PERFECT MODAL VERBS VERB : MEANING/USE = EXAMPLE Certainty that something was true There is not MUST HAVE... COULDN'T HAVE... Certainty that something did not happen ik left. Mum must have drunk it all this morning He couldn't have opened the door because he wasn't at home COULD HAVE... Ability to have done something but in fact didn't He could have helped ur, but he came too late MAY/MIGHT HAVE... A guess/supposition about a past action Call her again, she may/might not have heard you the first time SHOULD/OUGHT TO HAVE... Criticism or regret after an event He looks worde. He should/ought to have seen a doctor last week SHOULDN'T HAVE... Criticism after an event I'm a bit sad, I shouldn't have been so rude NEEDN'T HAVE... ‘An unnecessary action in the past You needn't have brought me that English book.