Hermann von Helmholtz is most remembered for:

A) debunking phrenology.

B) opening the fost laboratory to conduct purely psychological experiments.

C) being the first to measure the speed of a nervous impulse

D) discovering the relation between emotion and the amygdala

Hermann von Helmholtz is to as Wilhelm Wundt is to

A) phrenology; functionalism

B) reaction time; structuralism

C) reaction time; functionalism

D) phrenology; structuralism

__ pioneered the Gestalt psychology movement

A) Max Wertheimer

B) Frederic Bartlett

C) Kurt Lewin

D) Hermann Ebbinghaus

Hermann Ebbinghaus is best known for research involving:

A) interpreting the flashing light illusion.

B) memorizing nonsense syllables.

C) inventing a conditioning chamber.

D) examining cognitive errors in children.

ln his classic studies on memory, Hermann Ebbinghaus demonstrated that meaningful information is
easily forgotten.
A) True

B) False

An acupuncturist asks you to respond as soon as you feel a pinprick as she stimulates your upper thigh,
hamstring, calf, and foot with a needle. Based on Helmholtz's research, you will react most quickly when
the __ is stimulated.

A) upper thigh

B) hamstring

C) calf

D) foot

Helmholtz developed introspection as a tool for understanding the structure of consciousness.

A) True

B) False

326. Helmholtz was a who studied

A) philosopher; the mind-body problem

B) behavioural neuroscientist; rats' maze learning

C) personality theorist; the shape of skulls

D) physiologist; reaction time

The French physician Paul Broca discovered a brain region that was associated with the:

A) production and understanding of speech.

B) production of speech.

C) understanding of speech.

D) ability to understand novel speech.

The physician __ described a patient who, after damage to a localized area in the __ brain hemisphere,
could not produce words,even though he could comprehend them.

A) Paul Broca; right

B) Paul Broca; left

C) Karl Lashley; right

D) Karl Lashley; left

A spiritual leader believes that the soul and the body are fundamentally different from each other, but
are linked via a special structure in the brain. His beliefs are similar to those of:

A) Gall.

B) Descartes.

C) Hobbes.

D) Broca

After suffering a stroke, Lisa was able to understand what people said to her but was

unable to speak to them. The stroke probably damaged her:

A) pineal gland.

B) Broca's area.

C) hippocampus.

D) temporal lobe.

The research ofFlourens and Broca:

A) established phrenology as a true science.

B) confirmed Descartes' belief that the mind and body were linked via the pineal gland.

C) is consistent with the view of the mind held by Thomas Hobbes.

D) demonstrated that mental processes can occur independently of brain activity.

Jamie suffered a stroke and damaged her Broca's area. Jamie will have problems:

A) reading out loud.

B) understanding the plot of her favourite television show

C) remembering the names of her family members.

D) recognizing facial emotions

After conducting repeated experiments in which he first trained rats to navigate a maze and then
removed tiny sections of their brains to see if that brain region eliminated learning, Lashley reported
that:

A) learning the maze could be erased by removing a tiny section of Broca's area.

B) the memory of the maze was localized in the right hemisphere of the brain.

C) the memory of the maze was localized in the left hemisphere of the brain.

D) no one brain region seemed to uniquely and reliably eliminate maze learning.

Broca's research was consistent with Hobbes' philosophical position that mental processes were
grounded in the brain.

A) True

B) False

Broca's research was consistent with Descartes' philosophical position that mental processes were
grounded in the brain.

A) True

B) False

Someone with damage to their Broca's area cannot understand spoken words.
A) True

B) False

Match the following:

A3 b1 c2 d4

(a) Expectancy theory (1) William Ouchi

(2) Douglas Mc
(b) Theory z
Gregor
(c) Participation
(3) Vroom
theory
(d) Hygiene theory (4) Herzberg

According to monistic theory of motivation individuals are assumed to be highly

responsive to 
A. love Need
B. Self-actualization need
C. Money reward
D. Prestigious office Location

According to McClelland's Needs Theory, which of the following is not a motivating

need?

A. Need for power

B. Need for security
C. Need for achievement
D. Need for affiliation

According to David C.McClelland, an individual's major motive to work include the

need for _______.
A. Achievement
B. Affiliation
C. Power
D. All of the above

According to McClelland’s acquired needs theory, managers should take the following approach to
worker motivation:
 A. use a person’s acquired needs as a candidate screening factor.
B. consider an individual’s balance of acquired needs as a profile that can be useful in creating a
customized motivation or incentive plan.
C. assume that human beings value power above all other needs and design incentive structures
accordingly.
D. determine an employee’s category of need and factor that into job design.

Which of the following individuals was one of the first to begin questioning trait theories through his
work on the "person-situation"controversy?

A. Albert Bandura
B. Abraham Maslow
C. Walter Cronkite
D. Walter Mischel

Mischel's cognitive-active personality system conceptualizes humans as

A) being motivated mostly by personal dispositions.

B) goal directed.

C) primarily motivated by past experiences with rewards.

D) shaped largely by an interaction of variable personality traits and the situation.

In 1973, Mischel and Moore found that children who were encouraged to imagine real rewards while
viewing pictures of rewards

A) were able to wait the entire test time for their rewards.

B) could not wait as long for the rewards as children who were exposed to pictures of rewards.

C) could not wait as long for the rewards as children who were exposed to the actual rewards.

D) could not wait as long as children who were exposed to no rewards

Which of these is NOT one of Mischel's person variables?

A) locus of control

B) competencies

C) expectancies
D) encoding strategies

Mischel assumed that behavior

A) is consistent from one situation to another.

B) is shaped by the interaction of person variables and situations variables.

C) is determined by genetic factors and personal variables.

D) is a hypothetical construct and thus is beyond scientific analysis.

Which of the following is defined as an external goal that has the capacity to motivate behaviour

A) motive

B) drive

C) need

D) incentive.

According to drive theory of motivation,if you drink water when you are thirsty,then what is the result of
drinking

A) need reduction and physiological equilibrium

B) drive reduction and physiological equilibrium.

C) drive production and an incentive

D) need production and an incentive

Damien went outside without his jacket on,and he is feeling very cold.His body temperature has started
to drop as a result of the ambient temperature.As a result of this disruption to homeostasis,what should
increase in strength
A) emotion

B) incentive

C) drive

D) motive

What are motives

A) biological factors that influence ability

B) needs, wants, interests, and desires that propel behaviour in certain directions

C) social factors that promote success

D) drives and incentives that make certain goals more interesting than others

Certain drugs suppress the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, the branch of the autonomic
nervous system associated with increases in heart rate, respiration, and adrenaline release. If a drug
could block this system altogether, William James would predict that:

A)emotions could not be experienced.

B)negative valence emotions could not be experienced.

C)high arousal emotions could not be experienced.

D)the physiological changes accompanying the experienced emotion might be missing.

The primary difference between the Schachter-Singer theory and the older theories of emotion is that
the Schachter-Singer theory emphasizes:

A)physiological changes.

B)conscious thoughts.
C)overt behaviors.

D)classical conditioning.

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, emotional experiences are triggered by:

A)conditioned stimuli.

B)expectancies.

C)physiological activity.

D)high valence events.

Which statement is NOT a reason that Walter Cannon and Philip Bard disagreed with the James-Lange
theory?

A)The reaction of bodily responses is too slow to account for the rapid onset of emotional experience.

B)We often have trouble detecting differences in our own bodily responses, so we are not likely to
experience these changes as emotion.

C)Because nonemotional stimuli can also trigger bodily responses, we should also feel emotions when
we have a fever.

D)Emotions may occur in the absence of physiological arousal, so emotions should be felt continuously.

1. Thorndike's Law of Effect states that, the more readiness the learner has to

respond to stimulus, the stronger will be the bond between them. False

2. The theory of behaviorism emphasizes that behavior is mostly learned through

conditioning and reinforcement. True

3. A punishment is any stimulus that results in the increased frequency of a

response when it is withdrawn or removed. False

4. Watson believes that you can make a dozen infants into anything you want them
to be, basically through making stimulus-response connection through

conditioning. True

5. Skinner's most renowned experiment in classical conditioning involved meat, a

dog and a ball. False

Fill in the blanks

What were the three types of responses?

Neutral operants, Reinforcers, and Punishers..

Neutral operants, Food, or Electric shock.

Nothing, Love or Hate.

Nothing, Rewards, or Punishments.

What is operant conditioning?

When you learn from rats.

When you learn by getting snacks and electric shocks.

When you learn by using reinforcements and punishers..

When you learn from compliments or lectures.

What is an example of a positive reinforcement?

When a child earns nothing for doing their chores.

When a child earns $5 for doing their chores..

When a child feels good about getting their chores done.

When a child is punished for doing their chores.

What is an example of negative reinforcement?

answer choices

A child never does his chores and gets punished for it.

A child gets $5 every time he does his chores right.

A child gets ice cream for doing his chores wrong, despite being told multiple times how to do it..

When a child is punished everyday for not doing their chores right, despite never being taught.

What is the purpose of a reinforcement?

To strengthen a behavior..

To decrease a behavior.

To keep an equal amount of strengthening and decreasing.

To stop a behavior entirely.

Elijah has learned to expect that whenever he studies diligently for tests,he will receive good grades.This
suggests that associative learning involves

A) modeling.

B) cognitive processes..

C) intrinsic motivation.
D) instinctive drift.

Skinner described human beings as

A) empty organisms..

B) having rational thought.

C) genetically bound.

D) ruled by unconscious motivation.

Skinner argued that psychology is the science of

A) normal adults.

B) conscious processes.

C) individual differences.

D) behavior..

Skinner was taught by his parents to

A) "think clearly, rationally, and objectively."

B) "fear God, the police, and what people think.".

C) "love, listen, and be creative."

D) "be judgmental, serious, and honest."

In his early adulthood, Skinner

A) began the cognitive revolution.

B) formed the basis of his approach to writing.

C) decided he would study human behavior by the methods of science rather than the methods of
fiction..

D) became an accomplished writer of non-fiction.

Skinner believed people are subjects who express

A) overt responses and nothing more..

B) sexual and aggressive conflicts.

C) future goals and aspirations.

D) lower and higher needs.

B. F. Skinner's operant conditioning approach describes how learning takes place through consequences.
True. False

B. F. Skinner is most closely associated with:

A)operant conditioning..

B)insight learning.

C)breeding experiments with pigeons.

D)imprinting experiments with ducks.

E)causing chickens return to the roost at night.