Care Daniel Klint Richter M.

AA

BS Legal Management 1A Prof: Ms. Daniella Dacena

Standalone Assignment

Research Work

The visual art terms separate into the elements and principles of art. The elements of art are
color, form, line, shape, space, and texture. The principles of art are scale, proportion, unity,
variety, rhythm, mass, shape, space, balance, volume, perspective, and depth. In addition to the
elements and principles of design, art materials include paint, clay, bronze, pastels, chalk,
charcoal, ink, lightening, as some examples. This comprehensive list is for reference and
explained in all the chapters. Understanding the art methods will help define and determine how
the culture created the art and for what use.

Over the years, art methods have changed; for example, the acrylic paint used today is different
from the cave art earth-based paint used 30,000 years ago. People have evolved, discovering
new products and procedures for extracting minerals from the earth to produce art products.
From the stone age, the bronze, iron age, to the technology age, humans have always sought
out new and better inventions. However, access to materials is the most significant advantage
for change in civilizations. Almost every civilization had access to clay and was able to
manufacture vessels. However, if specific raw materials were only available in one area, the
people might trade with others who wanted that resource. For example, on the ancient trade
routes, China produced and processed the raw silk into stunning cloth, highly sought out by the
Venetians in Italy to make clothing.

The art methods are considered the building blocks for any category of art. When an artist trains
in the elements of art, they learn to overlap the elements to create visual components in their
art. Methods can be used in isolation or combined into one piece of art (1.24), a combination of
line and color. Every piece of art has to contain at least one element of art, and most art pieces
have at least two or more.

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Elements of Art
Color: Color is the visual perception seen by the human eye. The modern color wheel is
designed to explain how color is arraigned and how colors interact with each other. In the center
of the color wheel, are the three primary colors: red, yellow, and blue. The second circle is the
secondary colors, which are the two primary colors mixed. Red and blue mixed together form
purple, red, and yellow, form orange, and blue and yellow, create green. The outer circle is the
tertiary colors, the mixture of a primary color with an adjacent secondary color.

Color contains characteristics, including hue, value, and saturation. Primary hues are also the
primary colors: red, yellow, and blue. When two primary hues are mixed, they produce
secondary hues, which are also the secondary colors: orange, violet, and green. When two
colors are combined, they create secondary hues, creating additional secondary hues such as
yellow-orange, red-violet, blue-green, blue-violet, yellow-green, and red-orange.

Value: refers to how adding black or white to color changes the shade of the original color, for
example, in (1.26). The addition of black or white to one color creates a darker or lighter color
giving artists gradations of one color for shading or highlighting in a painting.

Saturation: the intensity of color, and when the color is fully saturated, the color is the
purest form or most authentic version. The primary colors are the three fully saturated colors as
they are in the purest form. As the saturation decreases, the color begins to look washed out
when white or black is added. When a color is bright, it is considered at its highest intensity.

Form: Form gives shape to a piece of art, whether it is the constraints of a line in a painting or
the edge of the sculpture. The shape can be two-dimensional, three-dimensional restricted to
height and weight, or it can be free-flowing. The form also is the expression of all the formal
elements of art in a piece of work.

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Line: A line in art is primarily a dot or series of dots. The dots form a line, which can vary in
thickness, color, and shape. A line is a two-dimensional shape unless the artist gives it volume
or mass. If an artist uses multiple lines, it develops into a drawing more recognizable than a line
creating a form resembling the outside of its shape. Lines can also be implied as in an action of
the hand pointing up, the viewer's eyes continue upwards without even a real line.

Shape: The shape of the artwork can have many meanings. The shape is defined as having
some sort of outline or boundary, whether the shape is two or three dimensional. The shape can
be geometric (known shape) or organic (free form shape). Space and shape go together in most
artworks.

Space: Space is the area around the focal point of the art piece and might be positive or
negative, shallow or deep, open, or closed. Space is the area around the art form; in the case of
a building, it is the area behind, over, inside, or next to the structure. The space around a
structure or other artwork gives the object its shape. The children are spread across the picture,
creating space between each of them, the figures become unique.

Texture: Texture can be rough or smooth to the touch, imitating a particular feel or sensation.
The texture is also how your eye perceives a surface, whether it is flat with little texture or
displays variations on the surface, imitating rock, wood, stone, fabric. Artists added texture to
buildings, landscapes, and portraits with excellent brushwork and layers of paint, giving the
illusion of reality.

Principles of Art
Balance: The balance in a piece of art refers to the distribution of weight or the apparent
weight of the piece. Arches are built for structural design and to hold the roof in place, allowing
for passage of people below the arch and creating balance visually and structurally. It may be
the illusion of art that can create balance.

Contrast: Contrast is defined as the difference in colors to create a piece of visual art. For
instance, black and white is a known stark contrast and brings vitality to a piece of art, or it can

Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa

Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
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ruin the art with too much contrast. Contrast can also be subtle when using
monochromatic colors, giving variety and unity the final piece of art.

Emphasis: Emphasis can be color, unity, balance, or any other principle or element of art
used to create a focal point. Artists will use emphasis like placing a string of gold in a field of
dark purple. The color contrast between the gold and dark purple causes the gold lettering to
pop out, becoming the focal point.

Rhythm/Movement: Rhythm in a piece of art denotes a type of repetition used to either

demonstrate movement or expanse. For instance, in a painting of waves crashing, a viewer will
automatically see the movement as the wave finishes. The use of bold and directional
brushwork will also provide movement in a painting.

Proportion/Scale: Proportion is the relationship between items in a painting, for example,

between the sky and mountains. If the sky is more than two-thirds of the painting, it looks out of
proportion. The scale in art is similar to proportion, and if something is not to scale, it can look
odd. If there is a person in the picture and their hands are too large for their body, then it will
look out of scale. Artists can also use scale and proportion to exaggerate people or landscapes
to their advantage.

Unity and variety: In art, unity conveys a sense of completeness, pleasure when viewing
the art, and cohesiveness to the art, and how the patterns work together brings unity to the
picture or object. As the opposite of unity, variety should provoke changes and awareness in the
art piece. Colors can provide unity when they are in the same color groups, and a splash of red
can provide variety.

Pattern: Pattern is the way something is organized and repeated in its shape or form and can
flow without much structure in some random repetition. Patterns might branch out similar to
flowers on a plant or form spirals and circles as a group of soap bubbles or seem irregular in the
cracked, dry mud. All works of art have some sort of pattern even though it may be hard to
discern; the pattern will form by the colors, the illustrations, the shape, or numerous other art
methods.

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References: The Basic Elements & Principles of Art ( 2021 March ,9 )
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Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
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