NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO DO! PHAN LOAI HU’ HONG BANH RANG BANG MANG NO’ RON TREN CO’ SO’ PHAN TICH THANH PHAN CHiINH GEAR FAULT CLASSIFICATION BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS BASED ON PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS TS. Nguyén Trong Du Khoa Céng nghé Co hi, Tru’mg Dai hoc Dign luc TOM TAT idm sat tink trang hoat déng va chén dodn hue hong bank ring cd trong hép sé la. nhigm vu thiedng xuyén trong cdc nha: may, dc biét la trong cae nha may cd nhiing day chuyén thiét bj 16m hue nhix may dign, nha may sin xudt thép...K¥ thudt do dao déng tai vo hop s6 da dpe van dung nhue mét phucong phép higu qué trong viée phat hign hue hang cé trong hép 86. Khi xit If céte tin higu dao dng sé thu due ede gid tri dae trumg ctia tin hig. Céic gi tri nay thing la dé vao cho mang no ron dé hudn luyén va phan loai hue hong ctia may. Tuy nhién, trong nhiéu trudng hop khisd long gid tri dc trung lon thong dica dén higu qua phan loai thdp. Bai béo nghién citu cdc thanh phan chink (Principal Component Analysis — PCA) vai muc dich aé gidm kich thuéc cia khang gian dic trung vi dua ra khéng gian phu toi wu. Sau khi cé duge khong gian phy toi wu viée phan logi hw hong dé dang duge thyc hign thong qua mang noron truyén thing da lép. Tir khéa: Mang no’ron; Phan tich thanh phan chinh; Phan lop mang; Gidm sét tinh trang; Chan dodn hue hang. ABSTRACT Gearboxes Condition monitoring and fault diagnostic is a regular task in factories, especially in power plants, steel mills, Outside of the gearbox vibration measurement technique has been used as a common method for fault detection. Processing measured vibration signal achieved feature extraction. Feature extraction is a key issue to machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosic. This paper presents a study that application of artificial neural networks based on principal component analysis to reduce dimensionality of the feature space and get an optimal subspace for gearbox fault classification. Keywords: Fault analysis, Classification, Machinery, Condition Monitoring, Gearbox fault. ISSN 0866-7056 ‘TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, $69 nam 2017 [RY www.cokhivietnam.vnNGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI 1.M6 DAU Hép sé bénh rang thung duge st dung rng rai trong cde nginh cong nghiép dién hinh, nhu: Thép, dién, dau khi, hang khéng, 6 t. Hép sO banh ring thuéng 18 to hop cua nhiéu chi tiét quay phic tap. Tay thuge vao tim quan trong cia my va thiét bj ma c6 nhieu sy la chon cach thire bio dudng khéc nhau, nhur bio dudng dinh ky hoge bao dung theo tinh trang hoat déng. Véi bao durdng theo tinh trang hoat d@ng, mot dau do duge gin vio vé cia hop s6 é thu thap dit ligu do. Tin higu do thu durge, sau 6 duge xi ly trong mién tin sé va mién théi gian tan sé dé tim kiém dau higu hu hong [15 2; 3]. Dé theo ddi true tuyén hu héng tin higu do duge, sau dé duge dua tryc tigp vao miy tinh dé hudn luyén bing mang no ron. Da 6 mét sé nghién ctru img dung kha nding cla mang no ron vao hé théng chan doan online hur cia Rafiee [4] hay B. Samata (2003) 4a sit dung gid tri dac trang 1a céc tham RMS, hé so Kurtorsis, hé s6 Creast...lam dau vio cho mang no ron, Tuy nhién, trong nhing trudng hop niy, khi dp dung véi cde bo dit ligu In nhigu chiéu thuémg kh6ng kha thi, do khéng quan sit durge diing tinh trang thyc eta di ligu do duge, Trong pham vi bai béo nay, de gid van dung phuong php phan tich cde thanh phn chinh (PCA) [6] dé bin cde dit ligu nhiéu chiéu vé than dit figu c6 s6 chiéu nho hon ma van chita dy dit thong tin cin thiét. Dit ligu sau khi xir ly bang phyong phap PCA duge ding lam dau vio cho mang no ron dé phan loai hu hong banh ring. Két qui nghién cira cia bai béo li mét déng gép nhé trong vige xdy dung hé théng chin don online cho cede thiét bj In c6 tam quan trong cao. 2. CAC GIA TR] DAC TRUNG VA PHUONG PHAP PHAN TICH THAN PHAN CHiNH ‘Trong bang 1 1a mét sé dai lugng dic ‘rug quan trong cla tin higu dao ding. M@i dai lugng tuong tmg voi mét gid tri bang s6 va duge xe dinh trong khong thai gian do T hi han, ta ‘20% d6 18 cde gid tr tin higu dic trumg [7] Bang 1. Gid tr tin higu dc tring: Gia tr} Tin higu lign tye (analog) Gia trj trang binh (mean) x ~t)som Gia t trung binh higu dung (root ‘mean square - RMS) Gia tri dinh duong (maximum) Gia trj dinh am (minimum) tr dinh kép (peak to peak) HE sé Crest (Crest factor) ISSN 0866 - 7056 oy TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 9 nim 2017 www.cokhivietnam.vnNGHIEN CU'U - TRAO DO! Phuong sai o -Low-nar BS lech chun Hé sé lech. Hg sé Kurtosis (Kurtosis factor) Cac gid tri tin higu dic trmg thuing duge sit dung dé dénh gia tin higu dao déng do mét sé dac diém sau day [7] ~ Cée gid tri tin higu de img trong mOt khong thai gian do dit Idn sé cho phép ta 6 thé danh gid so bd vé mie tin higu (trang binh dai sé, trung binh higu dung, hé sé Crest), su thay déi bat thudng trong bién d6 (gid tr} inh). + Gia tri tin higu dae trung thay déi cham mét cdch tuong tng véi sy thay déi cha tinh trang ky thuat cia thiét bi, rét thich hop cho cdc img dung chin dodn va gidm sat tinh trang hoat dong. ~ Ce gid tr tin higu dae tung 18 gid tr} bing s6, béi vay dé ding hu trt hon nhiéu so véi vige hru tri toan bd tin higu do, ~ Cée e6ng thite tinh ton ede gid tri tin higu dae trung li twong déi don gin, cho phép tinh ton nhanh nhér chuong trinh may tinh (gan nhu déng thoi ngay sau khi phép do két thi). Y tuéng chinh cia phuong phap phan tich PCA duge dua ra lan dau tién boi Pearson ‘TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, Sé 9 nim 2017 hau thanh b@ cdc bién khdc khdng c6 tong quan Lin nhau, BO dt ligu khéng cé twong quan duge goi 1a eée thinh phin chinh, Cae ham todn hoe s@ phai tim kiém mot ma trin true giao dé bién dai b6 dit ligu géc vao trong mOt hé toa 49 khée ¢6 cde true 18 ede thinh phan ehinh, Cho ma tran sau: Hr tao My Ya May Xp = ’ a) Xu Xp Trong a: + Theo ede hang cita ma trdn ta c6 mot dim may n diém trong khéng gian R°: Sp Mgreneakp EE thé thiri, RP duge goi la khéng gian cdc c4 thé. + Theo cée c6t cla ma trén ta c6 mot dim may p diém trong khong gian R° Ay Myynoy) FED goi la cde ISSN 0866-7056 www.cokhivietnam.vnNGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI bin thir j, R° duge goi la khong gian cdc bién. Tém Iai, trong ma tran trén, cde e6t sé 1i cée bién va cdc hang li cde ca thé, trén d6 do gid tri cde bién. Mue dich cla phan tich think phén chinh 1a nit ra théng tin chit yéu chira trong ma tran bing cach xay dung mgt bi dién don gin hon sao cho dam may s6 ligu duge thé hign 19 nhdt, Cy thé hon, phan tich thinh phan chin 1a di tim nhimg truc hay mat phing phan nh t6t nha, trung thye nhét dim may bién va thé (hinh 1). ee) mia Hink 1. Mink hoa céch tiép edn cia phucong phap PCA Vige tim cdc thanh phan chinh (hay ede truc chinh) durge the hign nhur sau [9] + Thanh phan chinh thir nhat 1a true ma quan tinh la nhé nhat, tie 1a duémg thing qua tim gan dam may diém nit + Thanh phan chinh thir hai 1a trac qua tam tre giao véi thanh phan chinh thir nhdt va quan tinh cia dém may theo né 1a nhé nhat. + Thanh phan chinh thir ba Ta truc qua tim, trye giao véi hai thanh phan chinh thé. hat va thir hai va gin dim may nhit sau hai truc trén ISSN 0866 - 7056 www.cokhivietnam.vn + Tiép tue nhu vay dén bude the g (4 pin), ta durge mot hé q vecto trac giao tao thanh siéu phang q chiéu ma dém may thé hign trén dé 1a 13 nhit. Tuy nhién, trong thyc té, khi 43 tim duge mét sé thanh phan chinh cé ti 1¢ déng gop tuong déi tét, c6 thé dimg lai dé quan sit, Cu thé, trong bai bao nay chi dimg lai é mite 2 ‘thanh phan chinh. Sau khi tim duge céc thinh phan chinh, chiéu 44m may sé ligu lén cde mat phing chinh ta sé duge hinh anh 19 nhat cia da ligu. Qua hinh anh thu duge c6 thé thay cde diém nao gin nhau, nao xa nhau, giip quan sat r6 hon va dura ra nhiing nhan xét dink gi thich hop [10]. 3. MANG NO RON TRUYEN THANG Mang noron nhan tao (hay tri tué nhén tao) goi tit IA mang noron, IA mot mé hinh xit ¥ thong tin phéng theo céch thie xir ly thong tin cia cic hé no ron sinh hoc. Né duge tao lén tir mét sé Iugng 1én cdc phan tir két ndi vi nhau théng qua cde lién két (goi 1a trong 86 lién két) lim vige nhu mt thé théng nhat dé gidi quyét mét vin dé cy thé ndo dé. Mot mang no ron nhan tgo duge c4u hinh cho mot amg dung cy thé (nhan dang mau, phan logi dit ligu, ...) théng qua mot qua trinh hudn luyén tir tap ede mau. Vé ban chat hudn luyén chinh la qué trinh higu chinh trong sé lién két gira cde ng ron, Mang truyén thing don Iép (hinh 2a) 1 dang don gidn nhat, né bao gdm mot Iép tin higu dau vao va mét lép noron é dau ra. Goi la mang don lép vi né chi ¢6 mgt lép noron thye hign tinh todn, xi IY thng tin cdn I6p tin higu dau vao khéng duge tinh vao cdu trac mang. \Véi mang noron don l6p, dau vao p ¢6 R phan ‘ti, dp no ron dau ra c6 S noron tuong tng véi TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 9 nim 2017NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO DO! S tin higu dau ra, 46 léch b, him truyén 6, khi 46, ma trn trong s6 lién két W, vecto dau ra a a} gém mét hode nhiéu lép an, cdc cc Ip dé duge goi la cde noron an. Céc noron n nim gitta cdc 6p dau vao va cdc lép dau ra cho phép mang c6 thé trich xudt sé ligu théng ké & bae cao hon, Thong thydng, sé lvong noron trong méi | lép mang bing véi sé Ivong dau vao véi lép an thir nhat, hode bing véi so Iuong dau ra cia cdc l6p truée né véi cae 6p noron bén trong. Hinh 2b la m6t mang 2 lp, véi 3 dau vio, 1ép An cé 3 noron, lép noron dau ra cé 2 noron, lép sau déu lién két day da ‘V6i céc noron lép trude, iayis Upamindinn Bin Lops a Hinh 2: Mang noron truyén théng dom lop (a) va da lop (6) 4. KET QUA CHOTIN HIEU THUCNGHIEM Sit dung cdc gid tri dic trung dé phan bigt binh ring binh thuing va gay ring duge thé hign trén hinh 32, RO ring véi khong gian gid tr dc trumg nur thé nay, rit khé dé c6 thé phan logi duge banh ring hong va Khong hong trong hép giam téc. Dé gidi quyét van dé ap dung phuong php phan tich thinh phan chinh giim sé chiéu trong khéng gian dac trmg vé khéng gian phy véi 2 thanh phan chinh duge minh hoa nhur trén hinh 3b. ‘TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, Sé 9 nim 2017 4a) 4 Hinh 3. Céc gid tri dic trung trong khéng gian thuedng (a) vie trong khéng gian PCA (6) Chi don gidn bién déi khong gian dic tung vé khng gian cde thinh phan chinh, c6 6 chigu t6i wu da c6 thé thay 19 nhau gitta triimg hop bénb ra thudng (hinh 3b). Bude tiép theo dé phan loai hur hng hop s6 ta ding mang no ron truyén thing da lép véi é lop an thir 2 1a 8, diu vio 1 2 think phan chinh, dau ra 1a két qua phan logi binh ring binh thudmg va gay ring, duge minh hoa trén hinh 4, Hinh 4. Thong s6 thiét ldp mang noron truyén ing da lp Tir hinh 5, dé ding nhgn thdy ving banh ring binh thuong va gay rang duge phan Jogi than hai ving riéng biét vai ti é phan loai dat 97%, inh 5: Két qué phan loai hue hong bing mang no ron trén ca sé phn tich PCA ISSN 0866-7056 www.cokhivietnam.vnNGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI 5. KET LUAN Tir két qua nghién ctu cho thay, str dung phuong phép phén logi hu hong bénh rang bang mang noron trén cor sé phan tich thinh phan chinh, c6 thé phan Ioai try tiép hu hong ngay sau khi do duge tin higu phét ra ti v6 hop s6. Day chinh 1a loi thé eta vige chin doan online, c6 nhiéu diém Igi vé mat kinh té nhw giam chi phi thué chuyén gia chin dodn, dG ligu e6 thé duge xit ly 6 mot noi va dp dung qua chin dodn t6i mot noi Khde théng qua ‘mang internet. Vige phdn logi duge géi trong mOt vong khép kin nhi tri tué nhdn tao cia miy tinh, do dé khdng bi anh huéng bai dinh gid true quan cla con ngudi. Negay nhén bai: 05/9/2017 Negay phan bign: 18/9/2017 ‘ai ligu tham Khao: (IL Peng, FQ, Yu, D. J, & Luo, J. S. (2011), Sparse signal decomposition method based ‘on multi-scale chirplet and its application to the fault diagnosis of gearboxes. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 25, 549— 557 [2]. Lebold, M., & al, e (2000). Review of Vibration Analysis Methods for Gearbox Diagnostics and Prognostics. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 54th Meeting of the Society for Machinery Failure Prevention Technology, Virginia Beach, USA. ISSN 0866 - 7056 www.cokhivietnam.vn (3) [4] [5] (61 (7) [8] [9] [10], (uy. 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Diagnostics of gear deterioration using EEMD approach and PCA process. Measurement, 61, 75-87. Du, N. H, (2014); Phuong phap phan tich thank phan chinh va phan tich chim trong it bp ., Tap chi Khoa hoe va Phat trign, 12(5), 762-768. Nguyen Trong Du, N. P.D. (2014), Gear fault identification using artificial neural network and wavelet packet transform. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 3rd Intemational Conference on Engineering Mechanics and Automation - ICEMA 3, Ha Noi TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 9 nim 2017