KINDS OF

CLAIM
Learning Objectives

01 03
define claims, formulate different
claims; and

02 04
differentiate give a sound
claims of fact and judgment on
policy; different claims.
 Claims
Claims are argumentative in
nature, and writers (as well as
speakers) employ various
forms of claims in order to put
across their arguments to
hopefully convince others that
they are right.
 Claims
For a Speaker: A claim is the
main topic of an argument
where the speaker tries to
assert on his or her beliefs,
ideas or actions.
 Claims
For a Writer: A claim is the
central statement of a text
where the writer tries to prove
in the text by providing details,
explanations and other types
of evidence.
Facts on Claims
Most claims,
Claims have the however, are
chance to relative in
become facts nature; meaning,
only if they are they are
proven dependent on
scientifically. the perception
of people.
 WHICH IS WHICH

FACT CLAIM

“Coke is a soft drink” “Coke is the best

soft drink”
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GOOD
CLAIMS
Tiongson, 2016
 Tiongson, 2016

Claims state the point or position of an

author regarding a certain topic. The claim
statement is further proven by supporting
details from various resources and reliable
evidence.
 Characteristics of
Good Claims
Tiongson, 2006

1. A claim should be argumentative

and debatable.
 Characteristics of
Good Claims
Tiongson, 2006

2. A claim should be specific and

focused.
 Characteristics of
Good Claims
Tiongson, 2006

3. A claim should be interesting

and engaging.
 Characteristics of
Good Claims
Tiongson, 2006

4. A claim should be logical.

Examples Characteristics
COVID-19 is deadly. It is a single statement.

Flu and COVID-19 spread It is being compared.

similarly.

You will have COVID-19 if you It shows causality.

have low body resistance

You should wear mask and face It has action to be taken.

shield.
Tawa-tawa is the cure for It could be true or false.
COVID-19.
KINDS OF

CLAIMS
 Claim
02
of
Claims of Fact are
FACT pieces of information
which are grounded
01 on reliable authority
such as science or
A claim of fact or history. Facts that are
definition presents universally accepted
something projected are not considered
as factual or true, but claim of fact but
is actually debatable. instead a statement
of fact
 Claim
04
of
FACT Is it debatable?
03
Is it verifiable?
Claims of Fact are often
qualified by such terms as Is it specific?
generally, probably, or as a
rule. And, to verify whether Can it be solved
these statements are claim objectively?
of fact or not, ask these
questions:
 Claim
06
of
FACT A claim that reports,
05 describes, predicts
and shows cause and
effect.
A claim whether something
is true or untrue but there Claim that something
must always be potential has existed (past),
for controversy, conflict exists (present) or will
and change. exist (future)
Types of factual claims (generally "objective")

01 02 03
1. Factual / historical 2. Relational - causal 3. Predictive Proof
connections requires:
•sufficient and appropriate
Asserts that a condition Asserts that there is grounds
has, does, or will exist. relationship between two •reliable authority
events such that one is the •recent data
e.g The Earth is round. effect of the other •accurate, typical data
•clearly defined terms -no
e.g A drug has a certain loaded language
effect on preventing •a clear distinction
disease. between fact and inference
 FACT
VS
CLAIM OF FACT
 FACT CLAIM OF FACT

Diabetes is the number one

killer disease in the world.

Excessive sugar intake This is debatable because being

causes diabetes. “number one” can change
depending on where you are,
what ranking method you use,
etc. Notice, too, that since it did
not include the year in which
diabetes ranked first, is
debatable.
 FACT CLAIM OF FACT

Grades measure student

achievement accurately.

Grades on report cards are This is debatable because

sign of student students have skills and abilities
achievement. that grades cannot measure.
Also, a student’s grades may be
low for a given period, but that
does prevent him/her from
becoming better later on.
 FACT CLAIM OF FACT

Climate change is a hopeless

case.

Climate change is an issue While many claim that the

that needs to be addressed effects of climate change are
now. irreversible, there is still hope
as long as concerted and
consistent actions are
undertaken. As long as there is
a possibility, this cannot be
considered as fact.
 Claim
of
VALUE
01
A claim of value refers to an
argument of how important
something is. Essentially, this
is biased because people vary
in terms of the things they
value or cherish.
02
Claims of Value refer to
statements that appeal
to a person’s taste and
morals or the sense of
what’s good and what’s
bad. This type of claim
weighs the values
according to which is
more desirable.
 Claim
04
of
VALUE Some claims of value
are simply expressions
03 of taste, preferences,
and prejudices.
Claims of Value involve
judgments and evaluations. It
judges whether something is
good/bad, right/wrong,
just/unjust, ethical/non-
ethical, and others.
 Claim
06
of
A claim that compares
VALUE and contrasts a
05 problem with a similar
one in another time
and/or place
A claim that gives judgment
about morality, beauty, merit A claim that is based
or wisdom. on preference such as
likes or dislikes, good
or bad.
The most important in proving claim of value
is by establishing standards of evaluation.
01 02 03
Establishing standards of note the priority of the Establish the advantage
evaluation (i.e. a warrant value in this instance (practical or moral) of your
that defines what standards
constitutes instances of the
relevant value)

04 05
Use examples to clarify Use credible authorities for
abstract values support
 EXAMPLES OF

CLAIM OF VALUE
 SAMPLE
CLAIM OF VALUE
STATEMENT

This is a claim of value because

Marrying more than one there are people who believe
spouse is atrocious! that is allowable.
 SAMPLE
CLAIM OF VALUE
STATEMENT

This one good example of a

Honesty is the best policy.
claim of value. To prove the
statements validity, the author
may elaborate on the examples
that show how honesty holds
advantage over other policies
and how it has been proven to
be effective.
 SAMPLE
CLAIM OF VALUE
STATEMENT

This is a claim of value because

Keeping a dog in a cage is there are people who have
an act of utmost cruelty. valid reasons for keeping dogs
in cages, such as safety reason
for those who pose risks of
biting innocent bystanders.
 Claim
02
of
The Claim of Policy calls
POLICY for some form of action.
01 It states what the reader
should or ought to do
Policies refer to rules, about a particular
regulations, and processes. situation/topic.
When people encounter
problems, they search for
solutions or courses of action.
 Claim
of
POLICY
03
The Claim of Policy advocates
a specific course of action. It
asserts that specific policies
should be instituted as
solutions to problems.
04
Claims of policy argue
that certain
conditions should
exist. Almost always
"should" or "ought to"
or "must" are
included in this claim.
 Claim
06
of
POLICY A claim that shows
05 that a problem exists
and it’s good to solve
it in a certain way.
A claim that urges that an
action be taken or
discontinued in specific
policies
 SITUATION
A psychologist was
counseling a patient who
was undergoing depression
and suggested a course of
action to deal with it.
EXPLANATION
Since depression is
multifaceted and people are
inherently different, the
psychologists suggested course
of action is only one of the
ways to deal with depression,
but not the sole way.
 SITUATION
A chef was teaching a
culinary arts class about the
famous Filipino dish known
as Adobo. He showed to
them how adding laurel
best enhance the taste.
EXPLANATION
The chef’s use of the laurel
leaves and his contention that
this is the way to cook Adobo is
a claim of policy because adobo
has many varieties.
Check this out!
C o FACT C o VALUE C o POLICY

Generally, Facebook Facebook is better Facebook causes too

received most visits than Twitter and many cybercrimes, it
than Twitter and Instagram. should be banned.
Instagram.

debatable, verifiable, Requires a “standard” to Suggests a solution or a

specific, objective verify policy
Check this out!
C o FACT C o VALUE C o POLICY

Generally, Facebook Facebook is better Facebook causes too

received most visits than Twitter and many cybercrimes, it
than Twitter and Instagram. should be banned.
Instagram.

debatable, verifiable, Requires a “standard” to Suggests a solution or a

specific, objective verify policy
 Checkpoint:
Vaping can lead to increased blood pressure, lung disease, and insulin resistance.
Claim of fact

The basic keys to success are perseverance and discipline.

Claim of value

Studies have shown that exposure to violent media is a risk factor for violent behaviors.
Claim of fact

The Career Support Network is an excellent resource for people who are considering a
mid-life career change.
Claim of value

In order to insure that graduates are competitive for top jobs in their fields, the college
must put additional resources into its career services office and internship programs.
Claim of policy
 Checkpoint:
Although the International Astronomical Union announced that Pluto is not actually a
planet, experts disagree on what characteristics define a planet.
Claim of fact

Increased investments in solar power will benefit national security by reducing

dependence on fossil fuels.
Claim of policy

Parents should not only be aware of how their children are using social media, but also
understand the potential positive and negative impacts of social media use.
Claim of policy

Advances in computer modeling have made it possible to create completely new types
of architectural structures.
Claim of fact
 Checkpoint:

FORMULATING YOUR OWN

Directions: From the list below, choose a topic and formulate your own claims of FACT,
POLICY, and VALUE regarding it.

BACK TO FACE TO FACE LEARNING

In a Nutshell
● A claim is a piece of information that a writer believes to be true, but must be proven.
● A fact is something true and believable, based on tested, proven, and accepted
evidence.
● A claim of policy refers to a procedure, solution, or course of action that a person
believes to be best suited to a given problem or situation.
● Argumentative claims tend to represent only one perspective and needs to still be
proven in order to be a general truth.
● A claim is a statement that is not considered accepted by all. It may be unverified or
controversial to a certain degree.
● There are claims rooted in history or science (claims of fact).
● There are claims that demand action because the present conditions for certain
policies are no longer effective (claims of policy).
● There are claims that assert the morality of an idea based on certain standards or
preferences (claims of value).
 Reference:
READy to WRITE: A
Reading & Writing
Textbook for Senior
High School
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icons St. Paul University
by Flaticon, Philippines
and infographics & images by Freepik.