MERU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

year 4, semester 2

CCS 3451 Emerging Technologies in Computer Science

Task:Group Assignment, IoT (Internet of Things)

GROUP MEMBERS

1. ASHLEY APONDI CT201/100106/19

2. EVANS CHAUN CT201/100133/19
3. DINAH ANYANGO CT201/100139/19
4. WAMBUA NDAVI CT201/100107/19
5. JOSHUA THUO- CT201/100084/19
6. SIMON NGARUIYA CT201/100125/19
 What is an Internet of Things (IoT)

Features of IOT

History of IoT
Students invent a connected Coke machine(1982).

Students at Carnegie Mellon University connected the department vending machine to the

main computer via the local network, enabling them to check if drinks were available and

cold. Not everyone liked Coke, but they all loved this invention.

The World Wide Web is invented(1989)

British scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) while working at

CERN. The Governmental system of satellites was complemented by privately held ones,

providing future IoT systems with communications. The first website that Berners-Lee

brought online from the Swiss Alps is still available.

World’s first IoT device invented(Early 90s)

In 1990, John Romkey created the first IOT device – a toaster that could be turned on and

off over the Internet. By 1991, he had automated the entire process by adding a crane

system that inserted the bread as well.

Then in 1993, the world's first webcam prototype, the Trojan Room Coffee Pot, was

installed at the University of Cambridge to monitor the amount of coffee remaining in the

brewing machine.

Mark Weiser creates a connected water fountain(mid 90s)

Father of ubiquitous computing Mark Weiser created a fountain outside his office. The

flow and the height of the water mimicked the price trends and volume of the stock market

in real-time.

“The Internet of Thing” is coined(Late 90s)

Kevin Ashton, the founder of Auto-ID, titled a presentation he made at Procter & Gamble

“The Internet of Things”. Ashton linked the ideas of RFID (radio-frequency identification)

and the Internet, which impressed the listeners with its innovativeness. While his idea of

RFID-based device connectivity differs from today’s IP-based (Internet Protocol) IoT,
Ashton’s breakthrough played an essential role in IoT history and technological

development overall.

The first smart home device is created(2005)

Originally released in June 2005, the Nabaztag – an early version of smart home devices

like Alexa and Google Home – was an ambient electronic device shaped like a rabbit, able

to alert its owner and speak to them about the weather, stock market changes, RSS feeds,

etc.

In 2019, the iconic bunny made a comeback for a limited time with a new Raspberry Pi

brain.

IoT is born(2009)

According to Cisco IBSG, IoT was conceived between 2008 and 2009, when the number of

connected machines surpassed the number of humans on the planet. Currently, there are

about 21.5 billion connected devices in the world – almost three times the number of people

on the planet.

IoT added to the hype-cycle for emerging technologies(2011)

In 2011, Gartner, the market research company that invented the famous “hype-cycle for

emerging technologies”, included “The Internet of Things” on their list. This year, Gartner
named Vodafone as a Leader in its 2021 Magic Quadrant for Managed IoT Connectivity

Services for the seventh time in a row .

IoT devices start using sensors(2013)

Thermostats and home lighting started using sensors to accurately sense the surrounding

environment. This allowed people to control home lighting, garage doors and thermostats

all from their phone.

The first “smart city” is created(2014)

As a smart city “testbed”, Smart Docklands in Dublin provided a platform for innovators

to test cutting-edge technology solutions to local challenges, such as smart bins, sensors

monitoring flood levels and city sound monitoring sensors.

IoT enters the healthcare and health insurance industries(2018)

Healthcare devices represent one of the fastest-growing sectors of the IoT market. The

value of this sector – sometimes called the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) – is predicted

to reach $176 billion by 2026. IoT technology allows healthcare professionals to access

patient data and improve the quality of wearable medical devices. Medical IoT solutions

include blood glucose and heart rate monitoring, pacemakers, fall detection, geofencing

and location monitoring.

IoT steps up in response to the COVID-19 crisis(2020)

In 2020, heat detection cameras started popping up in all sorts of public spaces to measure

people’s temperature. Using infrared technology, thermal cameras detect radiating heat

from a body. Although these devices were originally not designed to be used for medical

purposes – they are often deployed by firefighters to track smouldering embers and police

to search for out-of-sight suspects

FIA creates IoT forum (2021)

The FIA IoT Forum provides a great opportunity for FIA members to work with other

members under the banner of the FIA as the industry-leading voice to enable the fire

industry and the customers we serve to benefit from IoT.

If you are eager to join or just want to know more, please email Adam Richardson, FIA

Business Liaison and Secretary for the FIA IoT Forum.

Advantages and Disadvantages of (IoT)

Advantages of IoT

● Efficient resource utilization: If we know the functionality and the way that each
device works we definitely increase the efficient resource utilization as well as
monitor natural resources.

● Minimize human effort: As the devices of IoT interact and communicate with
each other and do a lot of tasks for us, then they minimize the human effort.
 ● Save time: As it reduces the human effort then it definitely saves time. Time is
the primary factor which can save through the IoT platform.

● Enhance Data Collection:

● Improve security: Now, if we have a system where all these things are
interconnected then we can make the system more secure and efficient.

Disadvantages of IoT

● Security: As the IoT systems are interconnected and communicate over

networks. The system offers little control despite any security measures, and it
can lead to various kinds of network attacks.

● Privacy: Even without the active participation of the user, the IoT system
provides substantial personal data in maximum detail.

● Complexity: The designing, developing, and maintaining and enabling the large
technology to IoT system is quite complicated.

IoT Devices
IoT - Platform
As in IoT, all the IoT devices are connected to other IoT devices and applications to

transmit and receive information using protocols. There is a gap between the IoT

device and IoT application. An IoT Platform fills the gap between the devices (sensors)

and application (network). Thus we can say that an IoT platform is an integrated

service that fills the gap between the IoT device and application and offers you to

bring physical objects online.

There are several IoT Platforms available that provide facilities to deploy IoT

applications actively. Some of them are listed below:

Amazon Web Services (AWS) IoT platform: Amazon Web Service IoT platform offers a

set of services that connect to several devices and maintain the security as well. This

platform collects data from connected devices and performs real-time actions.

Microsoft Azure IoT platform: Microsoft Azure IoT platform offers strong security

mechanism, scalability and easy integration with systems. It uses standard protocols

that support bi-directional communication between connected devices and platforms.

Azure IoT platform has an Azure Stream Analytics that processes a large amount of

information in real-time generated by sensors. Some common features provided by

this platform are:

● Information monitoring

● A rules engine

● Device shadowing

● Identity registry

Google Cloud Platform IoT: Google Cloud Platform is a global cloud platform that

provides a solution for IoT devices and applications. It handles a large amount of data

using Cloud IoT Core by connecting various devices. It allows to apply BigQuery

analysis or to apply Machine learning on this data. Some of the features provided by

Google Cloud IoT Platform are:

● Cloud IoT Core

● Speed up IoT devices

● Cloud publisher-subscriber

● Cloud Machine Learning Engine

IBM Watson IoT platform: The IBM Watson IoT platform enables the developer to

deploy the application and build IoT solutions quickly. This platform provides the

following services:
 ● Real-time data exchange

● Device management

● Secure Communication

● Data sensor and weather data services

Artik Cloud IoT platform: Arthik cloud IoT platform is developed by Samsung to enable

devices to connect to cloud services. It has a set of services that continuously connect

devices to the cloud and start gathering data. It stores the incoming data from

connected devices and combines this information. This platform contains a set of

connectors that connect to third-party services.

Bosch IoT Suite:

Bosch cloud IoT Suit is based in Germany. It offers safe and reliable storing of data on

its server in Germany. This platform supports full app development from prototype to

application development.

How IoT platform help:

● IoT Platform connects sensors and devices.

● IoT platform handles different software communication protocols and

hardware.

● IoT platform provides security and authentication for sensors and users.

● It collects, visualizes, and analyzes the data gathered by the sensor and device.
 The Future of IoT: What Should We Expect?

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing field with tremendous potential for

shaping the future. Here are some of the most significant expected developments in

the IoT in the coming years:

1. Increased Interconnectivity: With more and more devices becoming

IoT-enabled, it's expected that the number of connected devices will continue to

grow rapidly. This will result in an increase in interconnectivity between devices

and systems, leading to a more seamless and integrated experience for users.

2. Smarter and More Automated Homes: Smart home technology is becoming

increasingly popular and it's expected that the trend will continue in the future.

IoT-enabled devices such as smart speakers, lights, and thermostats will

become even more sophisticated and be able to automate a wider range of

tasks, making homes more energy-efficient and convenient.

3. Improved Healthcare: IoT devices are already being used in the healthcare

industry to track patients' vital signs and medical information, and this trend is

expected to continue. The integration of wearable devices and other

 IoT-enabled devices is expected to lead to improved patient care and better

health outcomes.

4. Predictive Maintenance: Predictive maintenance is a growing trend in industries

such as manufacturing, where IoT devices are used to track the performance of

machinery and predict when maintenance is required. This helps to minimize

downtime and increase productivity.

5. The Emergence of 5G: The widespread adoption of 5G networks will bring about

a new era of IoT development, enabling faster data transfer and real-time

communication between devices. This will lead to new and innovative use cases

for IoT technology, such as remote surgery, autonomous vehicles, and smart

cities.

Overall, the future of IoT is expected to bring about a more connected, automated, and

data-driven world, with significant benefits for individuals, businesses, and society as

a whole.