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Microbiotaperspectivasensindromemetabolico 140404115506 Phpapp02
Microbiotaperspectivasensindromemetabolico 140404115506 Phpapp02
intestinal y el metabolismo:
Perspectivas para la prevención
del síndrome metabólico
en el cuerpo An alt
genes
cluster
enterot
in the
Nostril Oesophagus severa
and ch
from f
of refe
As
H. pylori (–) ics con
Skin stomach state-o
includ
a speci
betwee
the lat
H. pylori (+)
unders
Vagina stomach to phe
disease
based
level m
and ex
Actinobacteria in rela
Firmicutes
Proteobacteria Colon specifi
Bacteroidetes skewed
Cyanobacteria interac
Cho and Blaser (2012) Fusobacteria topolo
Nature in othe
Figure 1 | Compositional differences in the microbiome by anatomical site.
High-throughput sequencing has revealed substantial intra-individual microbiome
Nature Reviews | Genetics
Taxon
La microbiota: el super organismo
Trillones de
bacterias
Actinobacteria
Firmicutes
Evolución de la microbiota
Bacteroidetes
Proteobacteria
Fever Rice cereal Formula and
start table foods start
Amoxicillin Cefdinir
Cow’s milk start, and full adult diet
Breast milk and formula en d
Infancy Early childhood Childhood Adolescence Emerging adulthood Adulthood Retirement Late senior
Host genetics Developing immune Greater socialization Puberty Frequent moving Stable co-habitation Aging Advanced age
Delivery mode system Growing body size Sexual activity Changing partners Weight gain Menopause Loss of motilit y
Breast milk Childhood illnesses Antibiotics in toys and Drug use Changing households Pregnancy Medication Smaller range of
Formula Fever in the environment Smoking Travel Predictable routines Illness activities
Quality of nutrition Diet experimentation Travel Changing dietary
Antibiotics in toys and Level of fitness Relocation habits
in the environment
© 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved
Vía de
DIETA nacimiento
MICROBIOTA
INTESTINAL
Probióticos
Edad
Estrés Genotipo
M UCO SA L M I CRO BI
REVO LO GY
I EW S
Enfermedades asociadas a disbiosis
omi- Healthy control Patient
ue or
ating
ences a Inflammatory OBESIDAD
abun- bowel disease
edler SINDROME METABOLICO
d that
ether ESTEATOSIS HEPATICA NO ALCOHOLICA
on in ENFERMEDADES INFLAMATORIAS
ota of
b Type 2 diabetes INTESTINALES
erged
gence SINDROME DEL COLON IRRITABLE
ough
m the ATEROSCLEROSIS
ocess AUTISMO
iron- c Necrotizing
mine enterocolitis ALERGIAS
ASMA
of the
Firmicutes Bacteroidetes Fusobacteria
ty in
Actinobacteria Verrucomicrobia Proteobacteria
uman
Here, Figure 2 | Gut microbial dysbiosis associated with
rela- Nature
disease. The relative abundances ofReviews | Microbiology
the predominant
Papel de la microbiota
en la obesidad
Firmicutes
Bacteroidetes
Roseburia Inflamación
Derivados cronica
fenolicos
Enterobacter Autismo
Poliaminas
Moras:
Antocianinas
Citricos
(flavanonas)
Vino tinto
(flavonoles y
flavanoles)
Té (flavanoles)
Funciones: Metabolismo de
fitoquímicos
EL CASO DE LA SOYA
¿Cómo modular la
microbiota
intestinal?
• Antibióticos
• Probióticos
• Trasplante
• Dieta
– Prebióticos
P. Kovatcheva-Datchary, T. Arora / Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 27 (2013) 59–72
Probióticos y esteatósis hepática
Modelos animales
Humanos
Barrera Estimulación de
física producción de
moco
Producción de
Mejoran antibacterianos
uniones
intercelulares
Estimulación de Modulación
inmunidad de respuesta
inata inmune
Gareau, M. G. et al. (2010) Probiotics and the gut microbiota in intestinal health and disease
Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.117
Prebióticos
• DEFINICION:
• “Los prebióticos son
ingredientes selectivamente
fermentados que permiten
cambios específicos en la
composición y/o actividad
de la microbiota
gastrointestinal que
confiere un beneficio al
bienestar y la salud del
huésped."
• Robertfroid 2007
Prebióticos y obesidad
P. Kovatcheva-Datchary, T. Arora / Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 27 (2013) 59–72
Prebióticos y síndrome metabólico
REVIEWS
Transplante fecal Healthy colon
Healthy individual
a
Resolution of symptoms
‘Healthy’
microbiota
Antibiotics
f
Restoration b Reduced gut microbial
FMT of stable, species and diver sity
Filtration healthy gut
microbiota
Administration by:
■ Enema
Donor ■ Transcolonic infusion
fecal ■ Nasoduodenal or
sample nasogastric infusion
c
■ C. difficile spores
germinate
■ Bloom of C. difficile
Antibiotics
Pseudomembranous colitis
Dysbiosis of the
gut microbiota
d
Development of CDI
■ Severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea and fever
■ C. difficile toxins induce in ammation and cell death
■ CDI can cause pseudomembranous colitis
Figure 1 | FMT for patients with recalcitrant CDI. CDI causes severe diarrhea, intestinal inflammation and cell death as a
result of toxin-mediated infection with the pathogenic bacteria. Patients with CDI are typically treated with antibiotics, which
not only kill the pathogenic C. difficile but also exhibit activity against the dominant colonic microbiota phyla. Incomplete
antibiotic eradication of C. difficile can result in recurrent CDIs. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from a healthy donor into
an individual with CDI can restore the healthy gut microbiota in the patient’s diseased colon, leading to resolution of
Holmes et al, (2012) Science and Translational medicine
GRACIAS