3.

A liquid in a container exerts pressure because of

What is
Pressure its weight.
in For example, if you try to put your finger over the
Liquids? end of a tap when it is turned on, you can feel
the pressure of the water in the pipe.
Pressure in liquid acts in all directions.

Activity 1
1. Fill a plastic bag with water and poke several
holes in various part of it with needles. Squeeze
the plastic bag gently from the top.
Observations:

__________________________________________

Conclusion:
__________________________________________

2. Prepare a tall plastic bottle with Make a sketch to show the flow
a few holes at different heights. of water from the holes.
Seal the holes with plasticine
and fill the bottle with water.
Remove the plasticine from the
holes simultaneously and
observe the flow of water out of
the holes.

1
 (a)What is the relationship between the pressure of water and the
distance of its flow from the holes?

______________________________________________________

(b)What is the relationship between pressure of water and its

depth?

______________________________________________________

3. Lower the thistle funnel slowly

into the water to a depth, h = 50
cm and the manometer reading l
is measured. Repeat with
different liquid i.e. alcohol and
paraffin.

(a) Which of the three liquids

has the highest pressure at
the same depth? Which
liquid has the lowest
pressure?

________________________

(b) What is the relationship between the density of a liquid to its

pressure?

_____________________________________________________

2
 The pressure in a liquid is directly proportional to
Relate
the depth.
depth to
pressure The pressure in a liquid increases with depth.
in liquid

The pressure in a liquid is directly proportional to

Relate the density of the liquid.
density
to
pressure
in liquid

State the pressure in liquid formula

3
The container on the right has a base area A.
It is filled to a depth h with a liquid of density
ρ. Calculate:

(a)volume of liquid =

(b)mass of liquid =

(c)weight of liquid =

(d)force on base =

(e)pressure =

At a depth h in a liquid of density ρ :

Pressure =

Where ρ = g= h=

Derive unit for pressure in liquid:

Solve problems involving pressure in liquids

1. If the density of water is 1000
kg m-3, what is the pressure
due to the water at the bottom
of a swimming pool 2 m deep?

2. Given that the density of

mercury is 13 600 kg m-3.
Calculate the pressure of
mercury at a point 40 cm from
the mercury surface.

4
3. The figure shows a cross
section of a dam. The density
of water in the dam is 1000 kg
m-3. The pressure exerted by
the water at X is …….

4. In the diagram on the right:

(a) How does the pressure at A
compare with the pressure at
B?

(b) How does the pressure at B

compare with the pressure at
D?

(c) How does the pressure at A

compare with the pressure at
C?

(d) Calculate the pressure at B due

to the water.

(e) If the water in the system were

replaced with paraffin, how
would this affect the pressure
at B?

5. The figure shows a bottle filled with 40 cm

height of liquid A and 70 cm height of liquid B.
The densities of liquid A and liquid B are 1000
kg m-3 and 2500 kg m-3 respectively. What is
the pressure of
(a) liquid A at point P?
5
 (b) liquid A and liquid B at point Q?

6. A deep- sea diver is wearing a watch

that can withstand a maximum
pressure of 4.5 x 106 Pa due to the
sea water. [Density of the sea water
= 1030 kg m-3 , g = 10 N kg-1]
(a) Calculate the maximum depth
the diver can dive without
spoiling the watch.

(b) If the surface area of the glass of

the watch is 9.0 cm2 , calculate
the force acting on the glass of
the watch due to the sea water at
a depth of 100 m.

Describe the applications of pressure in liquids

1. Dam holds water at high altitude.

The wall of the dam has to be
thicker at the base than at the top
because it must withstand the
__________ pressure in depths of
the water.

2. Water is stored in water tank at

higher level so as to supply
water at __________ pressure.

6
3. Submarine is built with thick wall
so as to withstand enormous
pressure at _________ depth.

4. A patient receiving intravenous

drips of a certain fluid from a
bottle. In order for the fluid to
flow into the vein, the bottle
must be placed at a height above
the injection site so it has
__________ pressure to flow into
the veins of the patient.

5. (a) Figure (a) shows a

container of herbal tea.
Explain why the tea flows out
of the tap at a fast speed.

(b) Explain why when there is

very little tea left in the
container, it is easier for
the tea to flow out of the
tap when the container is
tilted as shown in figure
(b).

6. Why does the water pressure

7
 from a tap at the top floor is
lower than the water pressure
from a tap at the bottom floor
of an apartment?

TUTORIAL 3.2 (Density of water = 1000 kg m - 3 )

1. An air bubble is at a depth of 5 m A 10 cm B 20 cm

below the surface of a lake . What
is the pressure of water on the C 40 cm D 60 cm
bubble if the density of the water
is 1 000 kg m-3? E 80 cm
A 5 x 10-4 Pa
B 5 x 10-3 Pa 4 The figures show liquids in
C 2 x 10 2 Pa containers. Which column of
D 5 x 10 3 Pa liquid exerts the greatest
E 5 x 104 Pa pressure on the base of its
container?
2. The figure shows a cylinder
containing oil with a density of
800 kg m-3.

What is the pressure caused by

the oil at point X?
A 4.0 x 101 N m-2
B 1.6 x 102 N m-2
C 1.6 x 103 N m-2
D 4.0 x 103 N m-2
E 1.6 x 104 N m-2
5. Which one of the following is not
3. The figure shows a high tin with a true?
length of 100 cm is filled to the full A The pressure in a liquid
with water. increases with depth
B The pressure in a liquid
increases with density of the
water
C The pressure in a liquid
increases with area of contact
D The pressure in a liquid
If the pressure caused by the
increases with the
water at point P is 8000 Pa, What
gravitational acceleration
is the value of L?

8
6. The figure shows a polystyrene
block being pushed to a depth of
h cm from the water surface. P is
the water pressure acting on
surface Q.
Which graph shows the
relationship between P and h
when the block is pushed deeper
into the water?
7. The figure shows three containers
with different shapes filled with
water with the same level. The
pressure caused by the water at
point P , Q and R are P1 , P2 and P3
respectively.
Which comparison is correct?
A P1 > P2 > P3
B P 1 < P2 < P 3
C P1=P2 = P3
8. Equal masses of water are poured
into four jars as shown. In which
jar is the pressure exerted by the
water on the base the greatest?
9. The figure shows three wooden
blocks J,K and L are pressed into
the water until the base of its
reach at level P.
The pressure caused by the water
at base of the wooden blocks J ,
K and L are X1 , X2 and X3
respectively.
Which comparison is correct?
A X1 > X2 > X3
B X 1 < X2 < X 3
C X1=X2 = X3
10 The figure shows a siphon
system.
9
 Which of the following is true?
A Water in beaker A flows into
beaker B until the volume of
water in beaker A is the same
as the volume of water in (a) State the principle is used
beaker B causes the water shoots out
B Water in beaker A flows into from the tap.
beaker B until the level of
water in beaker A is the same _________________________
as the level of water in beaker
B
C Water in beaker A flows into (b) What is the pressure caused
beaker B until beaker B is by the water in the tank only?
full
D Water in beaker A flows into
beaker B until beaker B is
empty (c) What is the pressure of the
hot water emerging from the
11 The wall of a dam is much thicker tap?
at the bottom than at the top
because
A pressure of water at the upper
level is higher than pressure
of water at the deeper level (d) The area of water tap where
B pressure of water at the upper water emerges is 0.04 m2. A
level is lower than pressure of man places his thumb over
water at the deeper level the outlet of the tap and stops
C pressure of water at the upper the hot flowing. Calculate the
level is the same as than force exerted by the water on
pressure of water at the his thumb.
deeper level

12 Figure shows the surface of the

water in a domestic cold water
tank is 5 m above the downstairs
cold water tap.
[ Atmospheric pressure
= 100000 Pa ]
[ Density of water = 1000 kgm-3]
13 Figure(a) shows an apparatus is
used to remove water from a
beaker to a cylinder he volume of
the water in the beaker is same as
the volume of water in the
cylinder.
10

Figure (a)
(a) (i) Name the system for
removing the water.
_________________________
(ii) Explain how the water flows
from the beaker to the cylinder.
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
(b)The water in the beaker stops to
flow when the level of the water at
P as shown in Figure
Figure (b)
(i) Mark the water level in the
cylinder in Figure(b) when the
water stops to flow.
(ii) Why does the water stop to
flow?
___________________________
___________________________
(iii) By using the same apparatus,
suggest one method to remove
all the water into the cylinder.
___________________________
14 Figure (a) and Figure (b) shows
two positions of a diver in the
sea.
Figure(a) Figure(b)
Observe the positions of the diver
and the pain in his ear.
Based on the observations:
(a) State one suitable inference
that can be made.
(b) State one appropriate
hypothesis for an investigation.
(c) With the use of apparatus such
as a high tin, rubber stoppers,
and other apparatus , describe
an experimental framework to
test your hypothesis.
In your description , state clearly
the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
11
(v) The procedure of the experiment
which include the method of
controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of
measuring the responding
variable.
(vi) Way you would tabulate the data
(vii) Way you would analysis the data

12