Republic of the Philippines

Palawan State University

NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

M
MANAGEMENT

AWARENESS
 OVERVIEW

Philippines, an archipelago with over 7,100 islands, is known to be one of the

countries in Southeast Asia that is prone to earthquakes, typhoons, and other disastrous
events. Having these all sorts of natural disasters experienced every year, the National
Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) is working with various
government, non- government, civil and private sectors to prepare and ensure the
welfare of the people.

In this module, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Awareness, you

will understand the systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations,
and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies, and improve
coping capacities to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of
disaster. This module will introduce you to the effective utilization of resources and
trainings, the effects and impacts in the Philippines, climate change in general.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. define and differentiate natural disaster from man-made disaster;

2. explain the phases of Disaster Management Cycle;
3. describe the role of the Philippine Coast Guard in promoting awareness on
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management; and
4. create an action plan using the basic procedures in Disaster Preparedness and
Management.

LET US EXPLORE

Did you know that..

One of the most memorable and strongest earthquakes ever recorded in

the Philippine history happened on July 6, 1990. A massive 7.7 magnitude
earthquake struck the island of Luzon with Baguio City suffering the most
devastating effects.

In recent years, DOST- PHIVOCS urges the public to prepare for the “Big
One”. A worst-case scenario of the 100 km fault line of the West Valley that runs
through six cities in Manila will be a 7.2 magnitude earthquake. In connection with
this, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
 conducts the quarterly Nationwide Simultaneous Earthquake Drill (NSED) in
preparation to the said disaster.

What is a disaster?

A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a

society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses
and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community to cope using its
own resources.

It is an undesirable occurrence resulting from forces that are largely outside

human control. It strikes quickly with little or no warning and requires major efforts
in providing statutory emergency service.

Types of Disaster

Disasters can be classified into two: per origin, either natural and man-
made disaster; and per severity, as a minor or major in impact.

1. Natural disaster

A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects humans

and/or built environment. Human vulnerability and lack of appropriate emergency
management leads to financial, environmental, or human impact. It can be broadly
classified into 5 categories:

1.1 Geophysical Disasters- are disasters that are brought about by

tectonic and seismic activity below the Earth's surface. Any kind of geological
disturbance can cause a geophysical event to occur. Many of these kinds of
disasters have similar signs that they are about to occur, such as shaking and
unstable ground.

Examples:

Vulcanic Eruption Earthquake

(Image credit: Gregorio B. Dantes Jr./Pacific Press/LightRocket/Getty)

https://coastguard.gov.ph/images/2019_Files/Article/OCTOBER/K9_Davao.png

Mayon volcano experiencing a Two earthquakes striking

second explosion on the Mindanao with a magnitude 6.6
morning of Jan. 24, 2018 and 6.1 9km deep in 2019
 1.2 Hydrological- is a violent, sudden, and destructive change either in the
quality of Earth's water or in the distribution or movement of water on land below the
surface or in the atmosphere.
Example: Flood

[Philippines Coast Guard/Handout via Reuters

The Philippines is stepping up rescue

efforts in the Cagayan Valley in the wake of
Typhoon Vamco
1.3 Meteorological - violent, sudden, and destructive change to the
environment related to, produced by, or affecting the earth's
atmosphere, especially the weather-forming processes. (Source: ISEP)

Example: Typhoon

Destroyed houses lie in Tacloban city,

Leyte province, central Philippines on
Sunday, Nov. 10, 2013.

https://www.dailynews.com/wpcontent/uploads/migration/
2013/20111/NEWS_131119997_AR_0_0.jpg?w=1200

1.4 Climatological- Most experts describe climatological disasters

as events that are brought about by drastic fluctuations of climate states
and variabilities. These are phenomena that are a result of climate
functions that shift outside of their normal state.

Example: Forest Fire due to

heat waves

Forest fires in Benguet province last

February 11-18, 2020 which have razed
an area bigger than San Juan City .

https://cnnphilippines.com/.imaging/mte/demo-cnn-new/750x450/
dam/cnn/2020/8/6/COVID-19-command/2/27/Benguet-forests-
h
fires_3_CNNPH.jpg/jcr:content/Benguet-forests-fires_3_CNNPH.jpg
 1.5 Biological - are natural scenarios involving disease, disability or death
on a large scale among humans, animals and plants due to micro-
organisms like bacteria, or virus or toxins.

Example: Pandemic

2. Man-made disasters

Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or human

hazards. Examples include stampedes, fires, transport accidents, industrial
accidents, oil spills and nuclear explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks
may also be put in this category. As with natural hazards, man-made disasters are
examples of specific cases where man-made hazards have become reality in
event.

2.1 Technological
Oil Spill in Guimaras, 2020

https://www.sunstar.com.ph/uploads/
images/2020/07/06/234933.jpg

2.2 Human
War

https://i1.wp.com/
asiapacific.gchumanrights.org/wp-
content/uploads/2020/06/
BLDUN4ALDEI6VACUFCNO63RYUM.jpg
?resize=1080%2C675&ssl=1

Processing Questions:

1. Can a natural disaster be caused by human activities? Explain.

_________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
.
 2. Can we prevent man- made disasters? How do you say so?

_________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
.

TIME TO READ

A. Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Management Act of 2010

(Republic Act No. 10121)
“An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefore and For Other Purposes.
This act identifies the agencies and offices in the government with their individual
responsibilities in the country effort to reduce risk and to mitigate the harm that the
effects have on people and their property.

B. ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency

Response
During the conduct of the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Disaster Management
(AMMDM) in Jakarta, Indonesia last November 30, 2020, the ASEAN Ministers in-
charge of disaster management agreed on the strategic direction of regional
cooperation in mitigating disaster losses and responding to disaster emergencies for the
next 5 years. This led to the adaptation of ASEAN Agreement on Disaster
Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) Work Programme 2021-2025.

The AADMER program, also known as AWP, developed more detailed series of
structured activities concerning disaster management in ASEAN countries with a span
of 5 years. Its mission is to enhance and support ASEAN’s disaster risk reduction and
management capabilities through inter-sectoral cooperation, capacity building, scalable
innovation, resource mobilization, new partnerships, and stronger coordination among
ASEAN countries (Ibrahim, 2021).
 C. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

Disaster is characterized by several elements such as Hazards, Risk and

Vulnerability. Hazards (H) is the physical impact of the disturbance, either man-made or
natural. It is heightened by the amount of danger or Risk (R) to the community.
Moreover, the level or degree of Vulnerability (V) of all the involve further ignite the
magnitude of a disaster. This is presented in the equation as shown below.

H + R + V = DISASTER
The concept of disaster risk management accepts that some hazardous events
may occur but tries to lessen the impact by improving the community’s ability to absorb
with a minimum damage or destruction. It aims to reduce the vulnerabilities in the
community. In addition, when sustained over long term, it reduces unacceptable risk to
acceptable numbers and makes the people become disaster resilient or resistant.

The comprehensive risk management process has the potential to break the cycle
of damages and reconstructions when a community is subjected to repeated natural
hazards. It refers to a range of legislative mandates and policies, professional practices,
social, structural, and non-structural adjustments, and risk transfer mechanism to
prevent, reduce or lessen the effects of hazards on a community. To be reliable and
effective, a strategy must be in place and ready for immediate implementation when
necessary. This can only be done through advance preparation and planning.

Phases of Disaster Risk Reduction Management

A. Prevention -The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related

disasters. It expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential
adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as construction of dams or
embankments that eliminate flood risk, land-use regulations that do not permit any
settlement in high-risk zone and seismic engineering designs that ensure the
survival and function of a critical building in any likely earthquake.

B. Mitigation-the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and

related disasters. Mitigation measures encompass engineering techniques and
hazard-resilient construction as well as improved environmental policies and
public awareness.

C. Preparedness – the knowledge and capacities developed by governments,

professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to
effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent
or current hazard events or conditions. Preparedness action is carried out with the
context of DRRM and aims to build the capacities needed to efficiently manage all
 types of emergencies achieve orderly transitions from response to sustained
recovery.

D. Response – the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or

immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce negative health impacts,
ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.
Disaster response of predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs
and is sometimes call “Disaster Relief”.

E. Rehabilitation -measures that ensure the ability of affected communities and/or

areas to restore their normal level of functioning by rebuilding livelihood and
damaged infrastructure and increasing the communities’ organizational capacity.

F. Recovery– The restoration and improvement where appropriate, of facilities,

livelihood and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts
to reduce disaster factors, in accordance with the principle of “build back better”.

See the illustration below for better understanding:

DISASTER
RESPONSE PO
ST-
PRE PREPAREDNESS DISASTER
-DISASTER RIS
REHABILITATION
RIS K
K MITIGATION RE
RE DUCTION
RECOVERY
DUCTION PHA
PHA SE
SE DEVELOPMENT
(Prevention)

The Role of Philippine Coast Guard in Promoting DRRM

Awareness
The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) is one of the agencies in the
government that ensures the safety of the people especially in times of disaster.

Main functions of the Philippine Coast Guard:

1. Maintenance of safety of
domestic maritime transport.
 2. Report incidents at sea which is
being handled by the Coast Guard
Action Center.

3. Perform pre-departure inspections,

issue warnings and advisories
(whether vessels are safe to sail or
not) through Local Coast Guard
Units

4. Investigate as to the cause of

maritime incident when they happen as a
tool in developing more safe practices for
the industry.

Other functions of PCG:

 Processing Questions:

1. In your own understanding, how important is the Philippine Coast Guard in the
implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management? Explain.
_________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.

You made it to the last part! Job well done!

LET US ASSESS

I. Cross Word Puzzle.

Directions: Find the words on the box of jumbled letters that matches the clues
below. Encircle the word then write it on the space provided before each
corresponding clues.

E A R N T Y E H U M X
D I S A S T E R N V L
N S E T Y E H U M X O
M D N U D I S E M M V
A E A R T H Q U A K E
D N E A F L O N N E H
R M N L A R M T M I T
A A M D M A F E A R R
E D A I D O H R D K A
R E D S T A M P E D E
L N E A S Y T O N H R
L M R S J K E F D U L
O A K T C I R M L R L
I D S E T I Y I E R I
L E A R T H Q U E Y C

__________1. It is an undesirable occurrence resulting from forces that are

largely outside human control.
__________2. A consequence when a natural hazard affects humans and/ or
built environment.
 __________3. A sudden mass panic of the crowd due to an explosion, tire, or
other trigger event.
__________4. A type of disasters that are the consequence of technological or
human hazards.
__________5. A sudden and violent movement of the ground because of
movements within the earth’s crust or volcanic action.

II. Identification
Directions: Write ND if the given incident is caused by a Natural Disaster and MMD if
it is Man Made Disaster.

_____1. _____6.

______2. _____7.

______3. ______8.

______4. ______9.

______5. ______10.
III. Action Plan
Directions: Create a simple emergency action plan for your barangay in accordance
with the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan.

Activity Objective Persons/ Actions to be

Agencies taken
Involved

Example: To identify the -provide updated

Community areas at risk in MDRRMO action plan on the
Hazard & times of disaster said activity
Vulnerability -create a visible
Mapping mapping on the
high-risk areas

Activity Objective Persons/ Actions to be taken

Agencies
Involved
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
 ANSWER KEY

I. Cross Word Puzzle.

1. Disaster
2. Natural Disaster
3. Stampede
4. Man-made
5. Earthquake

II. Identification
1. ND
2. MMD
3. MMD
4. ND
5. ND
6. MMD
7. ND
8. MMD
9. MMD
10. ND
III. Action Plan
Answers may vary

Rubrics for Processing Questions

Criteria Very Good Good Fair Poor

(25) (20) (15) (10)
Engagement The entry The entry The entry No evidence of
reflects in- reflects posts a student
dept moderate passing engagement
engagement engagement engagement with the topic
with the topic with the topic with the topic
Perspective Considers New insights No new No
multiple are offered but insights are consideration
perspectives they are not presented of alternative
when fully within a perspectives
appropriate; developed/ not larger
demonstrates significantly put context
awareness of into context of
limitations of other
authors own perspective
perspective
Use of Coherently Explanation Few No additional
Examples integrates and analysis additional examples;
examples are mostly examples; rehashes
with based on mostly a previous
explanation or examples or description comments
analysis other evidence or a
summary
REFERENCES

PCG-NSTP Instructors training Manual, T01. Doctrines Development and Research Institute,
Coast Guard Education and Training Command, Manila City 23 April 2014. Published by: RCG
printing press, 1910 C.M. Recto avenue, Quiapo, Manila City, April 2014,
Bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph
MAPUA-NSTP Program Module (Recognizing National Issues and Concern), Chapter 9, Page
61-67 - https://www.mapua.edu.ph/Campus%20life/SOCIP/Assets/CWTS/NSTP
%202019%20Module.pdf

“ ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response.”

https://Reliefweb.int/Report/World/Asean-Adopts-New-Disaster-Management-Framework-2021-
2025, 30 Nov. 2020. Accessed 1 Dec. 2021.

“Category of Geophysical Disasters in Disaster Risk Reduction.”

https://www.universalclass.com/articles/business/the-category-of-geophysical-disasters-in-
disaster-risk-reduction.htm. Accessed 2 Dec. 2021.

“Natural Disaster” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_disaster. Accessed 2 Dec. 2021.