Physical Science

Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Intermolecular Forces
Physical Science– Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Intermolecular Forces
First Edition, 2020

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Physical Science
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Intermolecular Forces
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This learning module was designed to help the students to learn the key concepts of
intermolecular forces and it’s four general types. This learning module deals with
describing and identifying the intermolecular forces occur between molecules and
how these forces affect the properties of substances. To further enhance the students’
learning, different learning activities are provided in this module. The lesson is
presented in an easy way in order to address the learning difficulties of the students
by using language level at par with their comprehension. Based on the recent study,
students learn more if they are actively engaged in the textbook they are using. This
learning module can help to improve the student’s academic achievement in this
subject. With this material, students can work in less supervision of the teacher.

The module is contained one lesson.

• Lesson 1 – Intermolecular Forces

The most essential learning competencies for this module.

Describe the general types of intermolecular forces (S11/12PS-IIId-17)
Explain the effect of intermolecular forces on the properties of substances
(S11/12PS-IIId-e-19)

After going through this module, you are specifically expected to:
1. Define the intermolecular forces and each type of intermolecular forces;
2. Identify the intermolecular forces exist between molecules; and
3. Explain the effect of intermolecular forces on the properties of substances.

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 What I Know

Read and analyze each question. Choose the letter that corresponds to your
answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following bonds show a dipole-dipole attraction?

a. FBr c. N2
b. Cl2 d. I2

2. When KCl interacts with H2O, what force of attractions involved between K+ and
H2O?
a. Hydrogen bond c. Ion-Dipole force
b. Dipole-Dipole force d. Dispersion force

3. What is the intermolecular force exists between molecules of Br 2?

a. Dipole-Dipole force c. Hydrogen bond
b. Dispersion force d. Ion-Dipole force

4. A force of attraction between polar molecules that holds hydrogen atom?

a. Ion-Dipole force c. Covalent bond
b. Dipole-Dipole force d. Hydrogen bond

5. Which of the following among the intermolecular forces is weakest?

a. Dispersion force c. Ion-Dipole force
b. Dipole-Dipole force d. Covalent bond

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 Lesson

1 Intermolecular Forces

The intermolecular forces are the attractive force or interaction between molecules.
There are four kinds of intermolecular forces namely: hydrogen bond, dipole-dipole
force, ion-dipole force and dispersion or London force. Each kind of intermolecular
forces causes different physical properties on substances.

What’s In

What is the name of this reptile as shown in the picture below? How does lizard walk
upside down on the wall?

The Lizard’s feet are covered with thousands of extremely tiny fibers that will attract
to the surface that uses a variety of intermolecular forces. In addition, why do some
materials tend to break easily and fragile? Possibly, the bonds that holds the
molecules to these materials are weak, so this can be associated to London force or
dispersion force. On the other hand, there are also materials that hard to break, the
molecules of the materials are tightly bonded. These materials possessed ion-dipole
force.

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 Notes to the Teacher
This learning module will help the learners to understand the kinds
of intermolecular forces exist between molecules. Furthermore,
several learning activities are provided to deepen the learners’
understanding in identifying intermolecular forces linked between
molecules.

What’s New

Intermolecular Forces and Its type

In chemistry, there are always interactions between and among atoms and
molecules. These attractive forces that holds particle such molecules together are
called intermolecular forces. There are four general types of intermolecular forces:
hydrogen bond, dipole-dipole, ion-dipole and dispersion or London forces. The
dispersion force is the weakest while ion-dipole is the strongest among the
intermolecular forces.
1. Hydrogen Bond

The hydrogen bond is an attractive force in polar molecules containing hydrogen (H)
atom bonded to a strongly electronegative atom such as Fluorine (F), Oxygen (O) and
Nitrogen (N). The molecules which are linked by hydrogen bonds have high boiling
points since, hydrogen bonds are hard to break. Examples of polar molecules with
hydrogen bond are water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3).

H2O NH3

2. Dipole- Dipole Force

The dipole-dipole force is an interaction between polar molecules. A dipole is two

charges separated by a distance. Therefore, dipole-dipole force is a result of
molecules with positive end in one side and negative end on the other side. The
dipole-dipole force can have along range of interaction and can be strong, if the dipole
moment is high. If this is the case, the dipole moment between molecules is also
high. Example, F-Se: F(4.)--Se (2.4) has electronegativity difference of 1.6 therefore it
is polar.

F—Se-------F—Se

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3. Ion-Dipole Force

An ion-dipole force is an attractive force between ionic molecules and polar

molecules. The cation or the positive ion attracts the negative end of a neutral polar
molecule. For instance, the potassium chloride (KCl) dissolves in water (H2O), a polar
molecule. The positive charge (cation) of KCl (K+ , Cl-) will be separated then it will
attract the opposite charged, in this case the water molecule.

K+-----------

4. Dispersion Force or London Force

The London force was named after to Fritz Wolfgang London, a German Physicist and
Professor at Duke University. He provided a significant interpretation for the
existence of temporary dipoles. The dispersion force or London force is a result of
interaction between non-polar molecules. This force of attraction is considered as the
weakest kind of intermolecular forces. For example, London force between the
molecules of Br2.

Br—Br-------Br—Br

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 What is It

After reading the text in What’s new. Let us see how far you have learned this topic.

Match the term in Column A to Column B. Use a separate sheet of paper for
your answer.
A B

_____1. Intermolecular force a. A force present between

_____2. Ion-Dipole force
_____3. Dipole- Dipole force
_____4. Hydrogen bond
cation and polar molecules.
b. A force that is resulted from
the interaction of non-polar
molecules.

_____5. Dispersion force c. An attractive force that holds

molecules together.
d. A force that links polar
molecules.

e. A force that links polar

molecules which contains
hydrogen atom.

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 What’s More

Fill in what is missing in each box. Choose your answer from the list below. Use
a separate paper for your solution and answer.

Polar molecule with H atom attached on F, O and N.

N2 and N2 Dipole-Dipole force

Ion-Dipole force Two polar molecules
Hydrogen bond Two non-polar molecules
Positive charge and non-polar HF and NH3
molecule Dispersion force
Na+ and O2 H2O and NH3

Intermolecular Forces Attraction between…. Example

What I Have Learned

1. The intermolecular force is an attraction between molecules.

2. The hydrogen bond is a result of attractive force of polar molecules with a
present of hydrogen atom.
3. The dipole-dipole force is an interaction between polar molecules, which one
end is positive pole and the other end is negative pole.
4. The ion-dipole force is an interaction between ions and polar molecules.
5. The dispersion and London force is responsible in the interaction between
non-polar molecules.
6. The ion-dipole force is the strongest and the London force is the weakest
among the intermolecular forces.

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 What I Can Do

Determine whether the following molecules whether polar and non-polar and
Identify the intermolecular forces that linked between them. Use another sheet
of paper for your answer.
1. SO2
2. F2
3. PCl3
4. ICl
5. O2

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read and analyze each question. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. This type of force exists between polar molecules.

a. Dipole- Dipole force c. Hydrogen bond
b. Dispersion Force d. Ion-Dipole force
2. Which of the following forces is the strongest?
a. London force c. Dipole-Dipole force
b. Hydrogen bond d. Ion-Dipole force
3. Which of the following forces is the weakest?
a. Hydrogen bond c. Dipole-Dipole force
b. Ion-Dipole force d. London force
4. Which of the following forces is not an intermolecular force?
a. Dipole-Dipole force c. Hydrogen bond
b. Covalent bond d. Ion-Dipole force
5. What is the intermolecular force present in I2?
a. Ion-Dipole force c. Dispersion force
b. Dipole-Dipole force d. Covalent bond

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Identify the force that holds the given particles together. Use a separate sheet
of paper for your answer.

1. N—N-------N—N

2. Mg+ ------
3. N—Cl-------N—Cl

4. H—Br-------H—Br

5. -------

6. Cl—Cl-------Cl—Cl

7. F—Br-------F—Br

8. Na+-------

9. S—O-------S—O

10. O—O-------O—O

Additional Activities

Identify the type of force that holds the given particles below. Use another
sheet of paper for your answer.

1. HF
2. CO
3. PS
4. NaCl----H2O
5. N2

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2
References
Chang, R. Chemistry 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the
Americas, New York, NY 10029, 2005.

David, B. Study Guide to Accompany Atkits and Beran: General Chemistry

2nd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 41 Madison Avenue, New York, New
York 10010, 1995 .

Dorin, H., Demmin, P.E., & Gabel D.L. Prentice Hall Chemistry: The Study of
Matter 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc. Needham, Massachusetts Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990.

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