Signals and Systems

(EL-223)

LABORATORY MANUAL

Dr. Shahzad Saleem

Engr. Fakhar Abbas

(LAB # 11)
FINDING LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF SINGLE-SIDED AND TWO-SIDED
SIGNALS USING MATLAB

Prepared by: Engr. Fakhar Abbas Version: 2.00

Verified by: Dr. Waqas bin Abbas, Dr. Shahzad Updated: Spring 2020
Saleem
Finding Single Sided And Two Sided Signals Laplace Transform Using MATLAB Lab 11

Lab # 11: FINDING SINGLE SIDED AND TWO SIDED SIGNALS

LAPLACE TRANSFORM USING MATLAB
Objective: In this lab, you will learn:
 How to find laplace transform of single sided and two sided signals
 laplace command
 Finding Inverse Laplace Transform
 ilaplace command
 residue command
 To compute frequency response using freqs()
 To analyze RC Circuit response using Laplace Transform

Tool Used: MATLAB

Description:

MATLAB provides command for working with transforms, such as the Laplace and Fourier transforms.
Transforms are used in science and engineering as a tool for simplifying analysis and look at data from
another angle.
For example, laplace transform allows us to convert a differential equation to an algebraic equation.
MATLAB provides the laplace command to work with Laplace transform.

The Laplace Transform

The Laplace transform of a function of time 𝑓(𝑡) is given by the following integral:
∞

𝐹(𝑠) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡,

−∞
whereas, the inverse Laplace transform is computed using following integral
1 𝜎+𝑗∞
𝑓(𝑡) = ∫ 𝐹(𝑠)𝑒 𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑠.
2𝜋𝑗 𝜎−𝑗∞

MATLAB allows us to compute the Laplace transform using the command laplace.
Example:
Code Command Window Output
syms t ans = 1/s^2
laplace(t)

Similarly, we can compute the inverse Laplace transform using the command ilaplace.
Example:
Code Command Window Output
syms s ans = t
ilaplace(1/s^2)

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LAB NUCES, ISLAMABAD Page 2 of 7

Finding Single Sided And Two Sided Signals Laplace Transform Using MATLAB Lab 11

PRACTICE TASK:
Compute the Laplace transform of following commonly used functions.

Continuous-time Functions Code Output

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡 2
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑏𝑡
𝑥(𝑡) = cos(𝜔0 𝑡))

PRACTICE TASK:
Compute the inverse Laplace transform of given signals:

Laplace-domain Functions Code Output

1
𝑋(𝑠) =
𝑠2
1
𝑋(𝑠) =
𝑠3
2
𝑋(𝑠) =
𝑠+𝜔
𝑠
𝑋(𝑠) = 2
𝑠 +4
𝑠
𝑋(𝑠) = 2
𝑠 +𝜔

Finding Frequency Response of a System using freqs command:

Num = [0.2 0.3 1]; % Numerator Coefficients

Den = [1 0.4 1]; % Denominator Coefficients
freqs(Num,Den) % computing Frequency Response of given system
%% 2nd Method you can also plot frequency response as given below:
[H,w] = freqs(Num,Den);
mag = abs(H);
phase = angle(H)*180/pi;
subplot(211),loglog(w,mag),set(gca,'xgrid','on','ygrid','on')
set(gca,'xlim',[w(1) w(length(w))])
xlabel('Frequency (rad/s)')
ylabel('Magnitude')
subplot(212), semilogx(w,phase),set(gca,'xgrid','on','ygrid','on')
set(gca,'xlim',[w(1) w(length(w))])
xlabel('Frequency (rad/s)')
ylabel('Phase (degrees)')

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LAB NUCES, ISLAMABAD Page 3 of 7

Finding Single Sided And Two Sided Signals Laplace Transform Using MATLAB Lab 11

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LAB NUCES, ISLAMABAD Page 4 of 7

Finding Single Sided And Two Sided Signals Laplace Transform Using MATLAB Lab 11

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LAB NUCES, ISLAMABAD Page 5 of 7

Finding Single Sided And Two Sided Signals Laplace Transform Using MATLAB Lab 11

By applying inverse Laplace transform, we will get

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑟(1)𝑒 𝑝(1)𝑡 + 𝑟(2)𝑒 𝑝(2)𝑡 + ⋯ + 𝑟(𝑛)𝑒 𝑝(𝑛)𝑡
Examples related to Transfer Functions

% Generating a Transfer Function

clc; clear all; close all;
num = [2 1]; % Numerator Co-efficients
den = [10 3 2]; % Denominator Co-efficients
H = tf(num, den)% Making H(s)
% [num,den] = eqtflength(num,den); % For matching length of num
and den
[z,p,k] = tf2zp(num,den)% finding zero, poles and gain
H1 = zpk(z,p,k)% getting back transfer function from z, p and k
% 2nd Method for Generating Transfer Function (T/F)
s = tf('s'); % making an object for transfer function
H2 = (2*s + 1)/((10*(s)^2) + (3*s) + 2) % Defining H(s)
[H_num,H_den]= tfdata(H2,'v')% getting Num and Den coefficients
from Continuous T/F
% v shows that we want Answer in Numeric Vector
[z,p,k] = zpkdata(H2,'v') % Finding z, p, k from Continuous T/F
directly
H3 = zpk(z,p,k)% getting back tranfer function from z, p and k

Code related to Pole Zero Plot

clc;close all
% Let H = s-6/s^2-5*s+6;
b = [1 -6]; % Numerator coefficients
a = [1 5 6];% Denominator coefficients
[b,a] = eqtflength(b,a); % making a and b length equal
pzmap(b,a)% Plotting Pole Zero plot using info in b and a
[z,p,k] = tf2zp(b,a) )% Finding zeros and poles from T/F
fvtool(b,a,'polezero') % Frequency Visualization Tool: used to
plot frequency response, impulse and unit step response, pole-zero
plot and many more info related to given system
text(real(z)+.1,imag(z),'Zero')
text(real(p)+.1,imag(p),'Pole')
% Confirmation of zeros and poles with roots command
Z = roots(b) % Finding roots or zeros of numerator
P = roots(a) % Finding roots or poles of denominator
K = b(1)/a(1)
[r,p,k] = residue(b,a) % For Partial Fraction
[b,a] = residue(r,p,k) % Getting num and den coefficient from
r,p,k
H = tf(b,a) % Retrieving transfer function back from r,p,k

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LAB NUCES, ISLAMABAD Page 6 of 7

Finding Single Sided And Two Sided Signals Laplace Transform Using MATLAB Lab 11

Very Useful symbolic commands for basic manipulations: Try this in Matlab
clc;clear;close all
% Expand a polynomial, make it look nice, solve it, and check the
solution.
syms x a % tell Matlab that x and a are symbols
f = (x-1)*(x+a)*(x+pi)*(x+2)*(x+3); % define function f
pretty(f) % print f in more readable form
g = expand(f) % re-write f, multiply everything out
fact = factor(g) % factorize given polynomial in nice way
h = collect(g) % re-write again by collecting terms
soln = solve(h,x) % find all solutions by letting h = 0
check = subs(f,x,soln(5)) % check say the 5th solution satisfy the
function or not

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LAB NUCES, ISLAMABAD Page 7 of 7