Univariate ANOVA

Presented by Frederick Gella

02 February 2023

Presented by Frederick Gella Univariate ANOVA 02 February 2023 1/9

Content

One-Way ANOVA (1B)

Two-Way ANOVA (2B)
Three-Way ANOVA (3B)
One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (1W)
Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (2W)
Three-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (3W)
Two-Way Mixed ANOVA (BW)
Three-Way Mixed ANOVA (BBW)
Three-Way Mixed ANOVA (BWW)

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One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (1W)

The one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an

extension of the paired-samples t-test and is used to determine whether
there are any statistically significant differences between the means of
three or more levels of a within-subjects factor. The levels are related
because they contain the same cases (e.g., participants) in each level.

The participants are either the same individuals tested on three or more
occasions on the same dependent variable or the same individuals tested
under three or more different conditions on the same dependent variable.
This test is also referred to as a within-subjects ANOVA or ANOVA
with repeated measures.

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One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (1W)

Study Designs

Study Design 1. Determine if there are differences between three or more

time points.

If you have a study design where you are measuring how a dependent
variable changes over time in the same participants and you want to
compare three or more time points, a one-way repeated measures ANOVA
might be appropriate.

For example, you could use a one-way repeated measures ANOVA to

understand if there are any changes in blood pressure during an
exercise-training intervention (e.g., at pre-, midway and post-intervention
time points).

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One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (1W)

Study Designs

Study Design 2. Determine if there are differences between three or more

conditions/treatments.

If you have a study design where the same participants are being measured
on the same dependent variable, but under three or more different
conditions, a one-way repeated measures ANOVA might be appropriate. In
other words, participants are performing a cross-over design by receiving
all conditions.

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One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (1W)

Study Designs
Study Design 3. Determine if there are differences between three or more
change scores.
If you have a study design where the same participants have performed
three or more different interventions (e.g., control/intervention
1/intervention 2), the same dependent variable is measured at the
beginning and end of each intervention in all groups, and a change score
calculated (i.e., post-values minus pre-values), a one-way repeated
measures ANOVA might be appropriate.

For example, pre- and post- blood glucose concentration measurements

were taken and change scores calculated for an exercise intervention group,
dietary intervention and a control group. These change scores were then
compared between the three conditions using a one-way repeated measures
ANOVA.
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One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (1W)

Assumptions
1 You have a continuous dependent variable.
2 Your within-subjects factor is categorical with three or more levels.
3 There should be no significant outliers in any level of the
within-subjects factor.
4 Your dependent variable should be approximately normally distributed
for each level of the within-subjects factor.
5 Known as sphericity, the variances of the differences between all
combinations of levels of the within-subjects factor must be equal.

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One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (1W)

Example

A study tested whether cholesterol was reduced after using a certain brand
of margarine as part of a low fat, low cholesterol diet. The subjects
consumed on average 2.31g of the active ingredient, stanol easter, a day.
This data set contains information on 18 people using margarine to reduce
cholesterol over three time points.

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One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (1W)

References:

1 Howell, D. C. (2010). Statistical methods for psychology (7th ed.,

international edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
2 Jaccard, J. (1998). Interaction effects in factorial analysis of variance.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
3 Kaufman, R. L. (2013). Heteroskedasticity in regression: Detection
and correction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
4 Laerd Statistics (2017). Statistical tutorials and software guides.
Retrieved from https://statistics.laerd.com/

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