International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 1

CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

2. pH OF STRONG ACID
Measured pH
Theoret
Solution 1st 2nd Discussion
ical pH
(Group 4) (Group 2)
- In general, the measurement results
have deviations from the theoretical
10 mL of 0.1M HCl 1.0 1.9 0.9 pH because they are not measured at
standard conditions and are
influenced by many factors such as
the influence of ambient temperature,
the sensor of the machine being old
or errors in the measurement of the
Add 90 mL of distilled water 2.0 2.9 1.9
volume of the solution.
- In step 3, after giving 10mL 0.1M
NaOH, the pH of the solution
increased significantly compared to
the theory. The reason may be that
Add 10 mL of 0.1M NaOH 7.0 12.2 12.4 the measurement of the volume of
0.1M NaOH is wrong (more NaOH
than required), or the old meter
should lead to the error as above.

Add 90 mL of 0.01M NaOH 11.7 12.6 12.6

Calculation: Mi × Vi = Mf × Vf  pH = -log [H+]

- 10 mL of 0.1M HCl (Solution A):
[H+] = 0.1M => pH = -log [H+] = -log (0.1) = 1.0
- 10mL Solution A + 90 mL of distilled water = 100mL Solution B:
[H+] = (0.1×10)/100 = 0.01M => pH = -log [H+] = -log (0.01) = 2.0
- 100mL Solution B + 10 mL of 0.1M NaOH = 110mL Solution C:
nH+ = 0.01×100 = 1 (mmol)
nOH- = 0.1×10 = 1 (mmol)
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Initial: 1 1 0 0
Final: 0 0 1 1
=> pH = 7.0
- 110mL Solution C + 90 mL of 0.01M NaOH = 200mL Solution D:
[OH-] = (0.01×90)/200 = 4.5×10-3 M => pH = 14+log [OH-] = 14+log (4.5×10-3) = 11.7
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CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

3. pH OF WEAK ACID
Measured pH
Averaged
Solution 1st 2nd Discussion
Ka
(Group 4) (Group 2)
- Due to the influence of many
conditions (not standard conditions)
0.1M acetic acid 3.8 3.4 9.21×10-7 such as ambient temperature (Ka is
affected by temperature), pH meter,
and the process of dilution, the
averaged Ka results are not the same
as theory. The theoretical Ka of
0.01M acetic acid 4.1 4.9 3.26×10-7 Acetic acid at 25oC is 1.754×10-5.
- In the case of 0.001M Acetic acid,
the result is much different from the
above two cases may be due to
errors in the dilution process from
0.001M acetic acid 6.7 7.4 2.07×10-11 0.1M CH3COOH solution (add more
distilled water than calculated).

Calculation: Ka = [H+][CH3COO-] / [CH3COOH] pH = -log [H+]

CH3COOH (aq) H+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq)
Initial: a 0 0 (M)
Equilibrium: a-x x x (M)
=> Ka = x2 / (a-x)
- 0.1M acetic acid: a = 0.1M
+ x = 1.59×10-4 M => Ka = 2.52×10-7
+ x = 3.98×10-4 M => Ka = 1.59×10-6
So, averaged Ka = 9.21×10-7
- 0.01M acetic acid: a = 0.01M
+ x = 7.94×10-5 M => Ka = 6.36×10-7
+ x = 1.26×10-5 M => Ka = 1.59×10--8
So, averaged Ka = 3.26×10-7
- 0.001M acetic acid: a = 0.001M
+ x = 2.00×10-7 M => Ka = 3.98×10-11
+ x = 3.98×10-8 M => Ka = 1.58×10-12
So, averaged Ka = 2.07×10-11
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CHEMISTRY LABORATORY