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HO 18 Phtosynthesis
HO 18 Phtosynthesis
Objectives
• Discuss photosynthesis at the molecular level in
terms of the structural changes, enzymes, co-
factors, cell localization and regulation.
• Discuss the energetics involved in the processes
of photosynthesis.
• Compare and contrast photosynthesis in C3, C4
and CAM plants
CHEM 160
PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1 2
Photosynthesis Photoautotrophs
• The process by which autotrophic organisms
convert CO2 into sugars with the use of energy
coming from sunlight
• Basically involves conversion of light energy
into chemical energy algae
Plants
Chloroplasts Chloroplasts
• Site of photosynthesis
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Chloroplasts Chlorophylls
• Excellent light harvesters due to the presence
of conjugated double bonds
8 9
10 11
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Photosystems (PS)
Multi-subunit protein complexes embedded in the
thylakoid membrane responsible for light-driven
photosynthesis
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PS II PS I
16 17
Cyt B
complex
Pq
Pc
Cyanobacteria photosystem II 18 19
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Photosystems Photosystems
Each photosystem has Photochemical
reaction center
reaction center
complex or
photochemical are specialized to
reaction center transduce light into
chemical energy.
Light-harvesting
complexes or
antenna molecules
20 21
Photosystems Photosystems
Photochemical Light-harvesting
reaction center complexes or
antenna molecules.
Special pair of
chlorophyll a absorb light energy and
molecules transmit it rapidly and
efficiently to the
reaction center
Primary electron
Campbell, 2009 acceptor Campbell, 2009
22 23
Excitation of e− in Chlorophyll
Campbell, 2009
24 25
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Pc Pc
Pc Pc
Excited electrons in
P700 is transferred to
ferredoxin then to
NADP+ reductase
Electron will then be
NADP+ reductase uses
What will replace an transferred to PSI via an
high energy electrons
e- hole in the P680? electron transport chain
to reduce NADP+ to
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NADPH 29
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• Plastoquinone
Cyt B
Pq complex • Cytochrome
complex
Pc
• Plastocyanin
32 33
Campbell, 2009
34 35
Dark Reactions
• Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast
• Light is still needed for the activation of some
involved enzymes.
DARK REACTIONS OF CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE or
C3 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Reduction of carbon from CO2 in a more
reduced state as hexose
• Uses NADPH and ATP produced from the light
reactions
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38 39
NADP+ + Pi
O H
C
H OH
CH 2O PO 32-
glyceraldehyde-3-P
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42 43
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48 49
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CAM Plants
• During DAYTIME
• Stomates are closed to prevent evaporation
of H2O; no CO2 can enter the plant
• During NIGHTIME
• Stomates are open; CO2 is fixed via C4
pathway
• The following DAYTIME
• Malate is decarboxylated and CO2 is fixed
via the Calvin Cycle.
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