WORKSHEET

I. You will hear part of a radio programme about the writer Germaine Greer. For questions 7 - 15,
complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.

Greer was able to go to a convent school because she had been awarded a (7) _____________.
7. scholarship
Even when she was a student, Greer didn’t hesitate to question (8) ________________
8. traditional which she disagreed with.
The articles that Greer wrote about rock music have been described as (9)concepts
_________________.
9. radical
Greer travelled widely in order to (10) _________________ her first book.
10. promote
While in Africa and Asia, Greer searched for (11) ________________ for 11.
a book about art.
material
12. feminists
Some (12) _________________ said that Greer was guilty of being condescending.
13. controversial
Greer’s follow-up to The Female Eunuch, her first major work, 14. has been described as more (13)
experiences
_____________________ than any of her other books. 15. quality
Fans of Greer think that the fact that her work is based on her own (14) ________________ is a positive thing.
The speaker says that Greer made many of her readers evaluate the (15) _______________of them own lives. 

II. You will hear part of an interview with Marla Driscoll and Tom Eastman, who recently spent some
time in Thailand doing research for a guidebook. Choose the answer which fits best according to what
you hear.
1. What does Maria say about going back to Thailand?
A. She only went because she was offered a lot of money to do so.
B. It reminded her of good times she had had in Thailand in the past.
C. She expected her time there to be more like a holiday.
D. It was boring because she had seen it all before.
2. The main part of Tom and Maria’s assignment was to ____
A. verify practical information.
B. provide detailed descriptions of the places they visited. 1. B
C. compile a list of the sights that are most popular with tourists. 2. A
D. see how quickly they could complete a tour of the country. 3. D
3. Tom and Maria suggest that some people might choose not to visit Thailand because4. D they _____
A. are scared of the animals there. B. think the climate is too hot5.for
B them.
C. can’t get adequate information about the country. D. are worried about becoming ill there.
4. Maria advises visiting Thailand _____
A. during the monsoon season. B. in July or August.
C. at Thai New Year. D. early in the year.
5. What does Marla appreciate most about Thailand?
A. the cuisine B. the good manners of the people
C. the beauty of the language D. the fact that Bangkok isn’t like other cities

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Vocabulary:
1. This novel is dreadfully boring; it really is as dull as ____.
a. nails b. a rock c. ditchwater d. old boots
2. 'Scott’s moods are completely unpredictable, aren’t they?’
‘Yes, he’s always had a rather artistic ____
a. condition b. temperament c. characteristic d. attitude
3. The _____ lake is perfect for canoeing.
a. vivacious b. considerate c. placid d. cheerful
4. Tina has a rather___ - back attitude to work; she spends most of her time emailing friends or chatting
to her colleagues.
a. laid b. set c. cut d. put
5. Reliability, patience and positivity are Isabel’s defining ____. No wonder she’s such a good nurse.
a. traits b. characters c. properties d. elements
6. Some of my colleagues have been spreading _____ gossip about Julia; she’s quite upset.
a. discourteous b. vain c. malicious d. poisonous
7.Victor’s ___eye for detail is a valuable asset when it comes to web design.
a. objective b. reverent c. ardent d. meticulous
8. Despite receiving little support, the women are ____ with their crusade to fight crime.
a. provoking b. dedicating c. persisting d. persevering
 Perservere: to continue trying to do or achieve something despite difficulties
9. It’s been at the back of my ____ to call Jose for several days now, but I haven’t got round to it yet.
a. mind b. heart c. brain d. thought
10. Her performance was almost ____ bad.
a. reliably b. thoroughly c. responsibly d. comically
11. I’m a ____ person; I love socializing and prefer the company of friends to being alone.
a. gregarious b. courageous c. neighborly d. retiring
12. Fitzgerald is eager to ____ Martin’s record of three successive world titles.
a. indicate b. associate c. emulate d.co-operate
13. This position requires a ____ person with experience in managing risk.
a. level-headed b. far-fetched c. state-of-the-art d. thunder-struck
14. She looked remarkably ____ throughout the funeral.
a. agreeable b. composed c. compassionate d. affectionate
15. Freddie tries to emulate his father’s personality traits, but so what? He’s a good____ model.
a. behavior b. image c. role d. hero
Grammar:
1. Selfish or opinionated, ____ his failings , Julian is one of my most treasured friends.
a. whatever b. although c. however d. if
2. - It really wasn’t a very good movie, was it? - No, and____
a. was worst the ending b. worst of all was the ending
c. of all was the worst ending d. worst was ending of all
3. ____ to postpone the meeting, I’ll give you a call.
a. If we should b. Only if we should c. Should we have d. We should have
4. ____ , we managed to get tickets for the last show of the film.
a. Late we were but b. Late as we were c. Although late we were d. However we were late
5.They’ll help you solve the problem. Maria’s clever, ____ her sister.
a. also is b. nor is c. as is d.so is
6. Neither Ian nor Bella wants to try skydiving: they feel it’s ____ risky.
a. too much b. far too c. only too d. all too
7. So ____ that he’d got the job that I sent him a message of congratulations.
a. pleased to hear was I b. pleased was I to hear
c. was I pleased to hear d. pleased to hear I was
8.That Professor Bolt ____ the conference is an honor.
a. being attended b. is attending c. to attend d. attending
9. ____ no reports of adverse reactions, the drug ____ more widely available.
a. There has been/will be made b. There being/is to be made
c. Having/is to be made d. There having/is to be made
10. I rarely need to go into the city centre except ____ some shopping.
a. do b. doing c. to do d. having done
11. ____ getting up early and travelling all day, we were exhausted by the evening.
a. Given that b. In view of c. What with d. What if
12. ____ take your seats, ladies and gentlemen, we can begin the meeting.
a. If you can b. Were you to c. Should you d. If you will
13. It was so unusual ____ a joke.
a. so as to be seem almost b.as to seem almost
c.as to it seems almost d.to seem as almost
14. Beyond the houses………………..open fields.
a. lay b. lied c. laid d. lying
15. I haven’t got ………………………………….. for the job. I need some bigger ones.
a. big enough nails b. enough big nails
c. nails enough big d. enough nails big

WORD FORMATION
THE RISE OF BIRDS
Endowed with colourful plumages and beautiful song, birds in flight symbolize spirits released from the (1. BOND)
bondage of gravity. From the day that humans first looked up at the skies, birds have summoned a sense of
wonder and mystery, enchanting our (2. EARTH) earthbound ancestors with their freedom and song. They fly
where they please and when they please. The power of flight has opened up to birds a multilayered network of (3.
AIR) aeral highways and byways, enabling them to reach any place on our planet. Their awesome power of flight
takes them to every continent, from pole to pole, and they fill every (4. CONCEIVE) conceivable niche. Birds have
(5. RICH) enriched our life with their free spirit, beauty, and songs. They inform us about the rest of the natural
world, control insect population, disperse seeds and (6. BODY) underbody key values in human cultures. They
have played a key role in many important developments of (7. EVOLUTION) evolutionary theories. Given their
spark beauty, graceful flight and (8. MELODY) melodiuous songs, it is hardly surprising that birds feature strongly
in every culture in painting, poetry and music.

OPEN CLOZE
The temple in the lake
Lake Titicaca, often known as the “holy lake”, is situated in South America on the border between Bolivia and Peru.
The lives of the people (1) whose tools and pottery have been found on its shores (2) have long remained a
mystery. (3) However, scientists taking part in an explanation project at the lake have found (4) something they
believe to be a 1000-year-old temple under the water. Divers from the expedition have discovered a 200-metre-
long, 50-metre-wide building surrounded by a terrace for crops, a road and a wall. It is thought that the remains (5)
are those of a temple built by the Tihuanacu people who lived besides Lake Titicaca (6) before it became a part of
the much later Incan empire. “The scientists have not yet had time to analyse the material sufficiently,” says project
director, Soraya Aubi. “But some have (7) put forward the idea that the remains date from this period (8) due to
the fact that there are very similar ones elsewhere.” The expedition has so far this year (9) did more than 200 dives
into water 30 metres deep in order to record the ancient remains on film. The film, which will later be studied in
detail, (10) may well provide important information about the region.

CLIMATE AND FORESTS

Forests play (1) important roles in helping to maintain life on Earth. (2) Apart from supplying vital ecosystem
services nationally and globally, forests also support the livelihoods of millions throughout the developing world. At
the same time, forest-dwellers are themselves (3) _______________in protecting and nurturing the habitats in (4)
which they live. The importance of forests has for decades been emphasised by specialists, from biologists and
foresters to the proponents of community development and sustainable forest management. Yet their importance
has been (5) further underlined by the recognition of their contribution to climate regulation in the wider debate
(6) on global warming. In this context Latin America, and the Amazon Basin in particular, the world's largest
remaining area of tropical rainforest, (7) based on a critical function. (8) It is now widely accepted in scientific
circles that human activity contributes significantly to global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change noted that, due to an increase in the production of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide over the past
two centuries.
GUIDED CLOZE
Passage 1:
I am very much a country person at (1) ____ and not a city dweller at all. I was raised in a village and even though
I’ve now worked in the city for many years, I always find it a great relief to get out of the (2) ____ and bustle of the
city crowds every evening. (3) ____ to work everyday certainly isn’t very pleasant but for me it’s definitely (4) ____
to actually staying in the city. I value my peace and quiet. And when I get out of the train every evening into the
fresh air and stillness, there’s no (5) ____ in my mind that the inconvenience is well worth it. I just feel so much
better. The journey distances work and stress and this means that I can (6) ____ my batteries ready for the
onslaught of the next day.
1. a. heart b. mind c. brain d. chest
2. a. hustle b. hurly c. rustle d. rush
3. a. migrating b. shuttling c. commuting d. tripping
4.a. desirable b. preferable c. favourable d. advisable
5.a. uncertainty b. hesitation c. doubt d. query
6.a. rekindle b. recharge c. restore d. redo

Passage 2:
Going for zero
For many years, it appeared impossible to halt the rising crime rate in New York City. Then it was decided to adopt a
zero-tolerance policy, (1)……………………no infringement whatsoever of law and order would be passed over by the
authorities. So the police started (2)……………………down on people committing even the most trivial offences such
as jumping over the subway turnstile instead of buying a (3)……………….., or selling goods in the street without a
license. To many people’s amazement, once this policy had been in force for a few months, the crime rate (4)
…………….and very noticeably. This was not just for trivial offences, but even for more serious crimes. Why? The first
reason was that people noticed that the law was being enforced even in small things, which acted as a deterrent
overall. And the second reason for the fall was that almost every (5)…………….turnstile-jumper, every unlicensed
street vendor turned out to be wanted for a whole (6) ………… of other crimes. Simple when you think about it.
1. a. wherein b. whereupon c. whereby d. wherefores
2. a. hitting b. thrashing c. pushing d. cracking
3. a. token b. receipt c. tag d. check
4. a. reduced b. fell c. diminished d. shrank
5. a. trapped b. caught c. retained d. detained
6. a. multitude b. slew c. host d. command

ERROR RECOGNITION
Read the text, find 8 mistakes and correct them. You should indicate in which line the mistake is.
Thirty years ago, the TV series UFO envisioned 1999 like=> as an era when space fighters were launched from
submarines, the world was under threat from alien invaders -and everyone carried a slide rule in a holster on their
belts.
Even as the programme was being made, pocket calculators were coming onto the market. There=> this was a
lesson about the future: it will overtake your wildest imaginings. If you focus on what=> how existing technologies
will develop, you miss the real changes - and threats. This autumn sees the changeover from keyboards and mice to
use the human voice to dictate directly onto=> into the screen, and to command the computer. Wonderful, you
may think. A cure for repetitive strain injury (RSI), caused by repeated physical actions. Except that it will not be. It
will transfer RSI from the wrist to the throat. The voice box is a very delicate instrument and we are not used to
speaking all the time. Even 200 words (taking a little over a minute to say) has us clearing our throats and sipping a
drink. There will be catastrophes until=> unless we learn how to use our voices safely. Students who get up on=>in
the morning of an essay deadline to compose 4,000 words on a voice -operated computer could permanently
damage their voices.
Each new technological development tends to bring problems with them=> it. Nobody had heard of RSI until word
processors exploded onto the market. Long hours spending stare into a computer monitor led to complaints of
eyestrain, backache and even worries about radiation leaks from the screen. Repetitive computer related to=> bỏ
tasks are such a common feature of modern work that many companies are calling in ergonomic consultants to
recommend ways to avoid RSI conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, a wrist condition commonly found in
people who use keyboards. Companies found that by following their advice, claims for injury or illnesses suffered by
employees were greatly diminished.

IDIOMS / PHRASAL VERBS

Rewrite the sentences using idioms so that the original meanings of the sentences are retained.
1. Read the manual if you want to learn to operate the welding machine.
=> Read the manual if you want to get the hang of operating the welding machine
2. Is she still hesitating whether to marry Alexander or not ?
=> Is she still in two minds about marrying Alexandra ?
3. This building will be dedicated to the families who are in desperate need of help.
=> This building will be dedicated to the families who are living on the breadline.
4. Nobody likes him. He will do just anything to win the teachers' favour.
=> Nobody likes him because he will just curry favour with the teacher
5. It took us four years to settle successfully in the new surroundings.
=> It took us four years to put down roots successfully in the new surroundings
6. We only trade with the retailers who pay us without any delay.
=> We only trade with the retailers who pay us on the nail.
7. Nothing of what you speak has ever happened.
=> Nothing of what you speak has ever come to pass.
8. It's about time the government started to deal with the problem of unemployment.
It's about time the government started to come/get to grips with the problem of unemployment
9. I felt creeps all over my back when the tutor looked so angrily at me.
=> I felt creeps all over my back when the tutor looked daggers at me
10. As usual, Sam makes the job look more complicated than it really is.
=> As usual, Sam makes heavy weather of the job
11. Seeing how poor the people looked, I could not charge them for the meals.
=> Seeing how poor the people looked, I don’t have the heart to charge them for the meal
12. Last time I went to visit Evelyn, she looked depressed and miserable.
=> Last time I went to visit Evelyn, she looked down in the dumps.
13. Stop complaining about your life and see how really lucky you are.
=> Stop complaining about your life and count your blessings.
14. Just because I am his wife he expects me to do everything for him.
=> Just because I am his wife he expects me to be bound hand and foot.
15. Nancy is the kind of person who likes to be involved in all kinds of matters.
=> Nancy is the kind of person who has a finger in every pie

Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle.

1. There was tremendous excitement in the streets and the shouting didn’t die down till after midnight.
2. A new organization is being set up for those concerned about the welfare of dolphins.
3. My father’s going to go up the wall when he finds out that I’ve lost the car keys.
4. She feels it is beneath her to socialise with uneducated people.
5. My teacher and I got off on the wrong foot, but now we are good friends. off
6. The book centres around a woman who becomes an astronaut.
7. I love watching TV, but it does bite into my free time.
8. She left the potatoes cooking for so long that the water boiled down and the potatoes were burnt.
9. He thinks I broke his window and threatens to pay me back for it.
10. He was wearing very shabby, dirty clothes and looked very down at heel.
11. The fitful moonlight was bright enough to see by, so he didn't bother to use his torch as he threaded his way
out through the trees.
12. The company has decided to bring out a new magazine aimed at the teenage market.
13. I’m passing the chemist on my way home so I’ll pop in and see if the photos are ready.
14. You let him slipped through your fingers again! We had him surrounded.
15. The politician was drowned out by people shouting and yelling.
16. He’s not feeling well at the moment, but he should be up and about again in a few days.
17. The second leg was in extra time when the Austrians took a 2-1 lead to aggregate.
18. It was my first day on patrol and they threw me in at the deep end.
19. You’re going to have to knuckle down if you don’t want to fail the exam next month.
20. Even old Henry Spalding, who had returned to Wellington in the spring, added his signature for good measure.

READING COMPREHENSION
Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions.
Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction
There is increasing evidence that the impacts of meteorites have had important effects on Earth, particularly in the
field of biological evolution. Such impacts continue to pose a natural hazard to life on Earth. Twice in the twentieth
century, large meteorite objects are known to have collided with Earth.

If an impact is large enough, it can disturb the environment of the entire Earth and cause an ecological
catastrophe. The best-documented such impact took place 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period
of geological history. This break in Earth’s history is marked by a mass extinction, when as many as half the species
on the planet became extinct. While there are a dozen or more mass extinctions in the geological record, the
Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists because it marks the end of the age of the
dinosaurs. For tens of millions of years, those great creatures had flourished. Then, suddenly, they disappeared.

The body that impacted Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period was a meteorite with amass of more than
a trillion tons and a diameter of at least 10 kilometers. Scientists first identified this impact in 1980 from the
worldwide layer of sediment deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after the impact. This
sediment layer is enriched in the rare metal iridium and other elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite
but very rare in the crust of Earth. Even diluted by the terrestrial material excavated from the crater, this component
of meteorites is easily identified. By 1990 geologists had located the impact site itself in the Yucatán region of
Mexico. The crater, now deeply buried in sediment, was originally about 200 kilometers in diameter.

This impact released an enormous amount of energy, excavating a crater about twice as large as the lunar
crater Tycho. The explosion lifted about 100 trillion tons of dust into the atmosphere, as can be determined by
measuring the thickness of the sediment layer formed when this dust settled to the surface. Such a quantity of
material would have blocked the sunlight completely from reaching the surface, plunging Earth into a period of cold
and darkness that lasted at least several months. The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities
of nitric acid and melted rock that sprayed out overmuch of Earth, starting widespread fires that must have
consumed most terrestrialforest sand grassland. Presumably, those environmental disasters could have been
responsible for the mass extinction, including the death of the dinosaurs.

Several other mass extinctions in the geological record have been tentatively identified with large impacts,
but none is so dramatic as the Cretaceous event. But even without such specific documentation, it is clear that
impacts of this size do occur and that their results can be catastrophic. What is a catastrophe for one group of living
things, however, may create opportunities for another group. Following each mass extinction, there is a sudden
evolutionary burst as new species develop to fill the ecological niches opened by the event.

Impacts by meteorites represent one mechanism that could cause global catastrophes and seriously
influence the evolution of life all over the planet. According to some estimates, the majority of all extinctions of
species may be due to such impacts. Such a perspective fundamentally changes our view of biological evolution. The
standard criterion for the survival of a species is its success in competing with other species and adapting to slowly
changing environments. Yet an equally important criterion is the ability of a species to survive random global
ecological
catastrophes due to impacts.

Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unsuspected a few
decades ago. In 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate the hazard posed today by large
impacts on Earth. The group conducting the study concluded from a detailed analysis that impacts from meteorites
can indeed be hazardous. Although there is always some risk that a large impact could occur, careful study shows
that this risk is quite small.
1. The word “pose” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. claim B. model C. assume D. present
2. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that dinosaurs had flourished for tens of millions of
years and then suddenly disappeared?
A. To support the claim that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous is the best-documented of the dozen
or so mass extinctions in the geological record
B. To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at the time are believed to have become extinct at the
end of the Cretaceous
C. To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued by the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous
D. To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to disturb the environment of the entire planet and
cause an ecological disaster
3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the location of the meteorite impact in Mexico?
A. The location of the impact site in Mexico was kept secret by geologists from 1980 to 1990.
B. It was a well-known fact that the impact had occurred in the Yucatán region.
C. Geologists knew that there had been an impact before they knew where it had occurred.
D. The Yucatán region was chosen by geologists as the most probable impact site because of its climate.
4. According to paragraph 3, how did scientists determine that a large meteorite had impacted Earth?
A. They discovered a large crater in the Yucatán region of Mexico.
B. They found a unique layer of sediment worldwide.
C. They were alerted by archaeologists who had been excavating in the Yucatán region.
D. They located a meteorite with a mass of over a trillion tons.
5. The word “excavating” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. digging out B. extending C. destroying D. covering up
6. According to paragraph 4, all of the following statements are true of the impact at the end of the Cretaceous
period EXCEPT:
A. A large amount of dust blocked sunlight from Earth. B. Earth became cold and dark for several months.
C. New elements were formed in Earth’s crust. D. Large quantities of nitric acid were produced.
7. The phrase “tentatively identified” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. identified after careful study B. identified without certainty
C. occasionally identified D. easily identified
8. Paragraph 6 supports which of the following statements about the factors that are essential for the survival of a
species?
A. The most important factor for the survival of a species is its ability to compete and adapt to gradual changes in
its environment.
B. The ability of a species to compete and adapt to a gradually changing environment is not the only ability that is
essential for survival.
C. Since most extinctions of species are due to major meteorite impacts, the ability to survive such impacts is the
most important factor for the survival of a species.
D. The factors that are most important for the survival of a species vary significantly from one species to another.
9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the following sentence?
"Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unsuspected a few
decades ago."
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Until recently, nobody realized that Earth is exposed to unpredictable violent impacts from space.
B. In the last few decades, the risk of a random violent impact from space has increased.
C. Since most violent events on Earth occur randomly, nobody can predict when or where they will happen.
D. A few decades ago, Earth became the target of random violent events originating in outer space.
10. According to the passage, who conducted investigations about the current dangers posed by large meteorite
impacts on Earth?
A. Paleontologists B. Geologists C. The United States Congress D. NASA

The reading passage on Deer Farming In Australia has 5 paragraphs (A – E).

From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs
A – E. Write the appropriate number (i – viii) next to questions 1 – 4 on your answer sheet.
NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.
i. Industry Structures
ii. Disease Affects Production
iii Trends in Production
iv Government Assistance
v How Deer Came to Australia
vi. Research and Development
vii. Asian Competition
viii. Industry Development
Ex: Paragraph A – v
1. Paragraph B – viii
2. Paragraph C - i
3. Paragraph D– iii
4. Paragraph E-vii
DEER FARMING IN AUSTRALIA
Paragraph A
Deer are not indigenous to Australia. They were introduced into the country during the nineteenth century under the
acclimatization programs governing the introduction of exotic species of animals and birds into Australia. Six species
of deer were released at various locations. The animals dispersed and established wild populations at various
locations across Australia, mostly depending upon their points of release into the wild. These animals formed the
basis for the deer industry in Australia today. Commercial deer farming in Australia commenced in Victoria in 1971
with the authorized capture of rusa deer from the Royal National Park, NSW. Until 1985, only four species of deer,
two from temperate climates (red, fallow) and two tropical species (rusa, chital) were confined for commercial
farming. Late in 1985, pressure from industry to increase herd numbers saw the development of import protocols.
This resulted in the introduction of large numbers of red deer hybrids from New Zealand and North American elk
directly from Canada. The national farmed deer herd is now distributed throughout all states although most are in
New South Wales and Victoria.
Paragraph B
The number of animals processed annually has continued to increase, despite the downward trend in venison prices
since 1997. Of concern is the apparent increase in the number of female animals processed and the number of
whole herds committed for processing. With more than 40,000 animals processed in 1998/99 and 60,000 in
1999/2000, there is justified concern that future years may see a dramatic drop in production. At least 85% of all
venison produced in Australia is exported, principally to Europe. At least 90% of all velvet antler produced is
exported in an unprocessed state to Asia. Schemes to promote Australian deer products continue to have a positive
effect on sales
that in turn have a positive effect on prices paid to growers. The industry appears to be showing limited signs that it
is emerging from a state of depression caused by both internal and external factors that include: (i) the Asian
currency downturn; (ii) the industry’s lack of competitive advantage in influential markets (particularly in respect to
New Zealand competition), and; (iii) within industry processing and marketing competition for limited product
volumes of venison.
Paragraph C
From the formation of the Australian Deer Breeders Federation in 1979, the industry representative body has
evolved through the Deer Farmers Federation of Australia to the Deer Industry Association of Australia Ltd (DIAA),
which was registered in 1995. The industry has established two product development and marketing companies, the
Australian Deer Horn and Co-Products Pty Ltd (ADH) and the Deer Industry Projects and Development Pty Ltd,
which trades as the Deer Industry Company (DIC). ADH collects and markets Australian deer horn and co-products
on behalf of Australian deer farmers. It promotes the harvest of velvet antler according to the strict quality
assurance program promoted by the industry. The company also plans and co-ordinates regular velvet accreditation
courses for Australian deer farmers.

Paragraph D
Estimates suggest that until the early 1990s the rate of the annual increase in the number of farmed deer was up to
25%, but after 1993 this rate of increase fell to probably less than 10%. The main reasons for the decline in the
deer herd growth rate at such a critical time for the market were: (i) severe drought conditions up to 1998 affecting
eastern Australia during 1993-96 and (ii) the consequent slaughter of large numbers of breeding females, at very
low
prices. These factors combined to decrease confidence within the industry. Lack of confidence saw a drop in new
investment within the industry and a lack of willingness of established farmers to expand their herds. With the
development of strong overseas markets for venison and velvet and the prospect of better seasons ahead in 1996,
the trends described were seen to have been significantly reversed. However, the relatively small size of the
Australian herd was seen to impose undesirable restraints on the rate at which herd numbers could be expanded to
meet the demands for products. Supply difficulties were exacerbated when the supply of products, particularly
venison, was maintained by the slaughter of young breeding females. The net result was depletion of the industry’s
female breeding herds.
Paragraph E
Industry programs are funded by statutory levies on sales of animals for venison, velvet antler sales and the sale of
live animals into export markets. The industry has a 1996 – 2000 five year plan including animal nutrition, pasture
quality, carcass quality, antler harvesting, promotional material and technical bulletins. All projects have generated a
significant volume of information, which compliments similar work undertaken in New Zealand and other deer
farming countries. Major projects funded by levy funds include the Venison Market Project from 1992 to 1996. This
initiative resulted in a dramatic increase in international demand for Australian venison and an increase in the
domestic consumption of venison. In an effort to maintain existing venison markets in the short term and to
increase them in the long term, in 1997 the industry’s top priority became the increase in size and production
capacity of the national herd.
Questions 5 – 7
Read the passage about Deer Farming in Australia again and look at the statements below. For questions 5 – 7 on
your answer sheet write:
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in Reading Passageass
5. Since 1985 many imported deer have been interbred with the established herds. NG
6. The drop in deer numbers since 1997 led to an increase in the price of venison. F
7. Current economic conditions in Asian countries have had positive effect on the Australian deer industry. NG
Questions 8 – 10
Complete each of the following statements (Questions 8 –10) with words taken from Reading
Passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
8. A stringent quality assurance program allows the Australian deer industry to maintain their excellence of
product.
9. Herd stock expansion was made difficult by the killing of young breeding females to continue product supply.
10. Foreign and home markets for Australian venison increased due to the Venison Market Project