REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
 TOPICS:

❑ Definition of Review of Related Literature and

studies
❑ Characteristics of review of related literature and
studies
❑ Local and foreign literature
❑ Primary and Secondary sources
❑ Importance, Purposes, and Functions of the
Review of Related Literature and studies
❑ Guides in Doing the Review
❑ Referencing and Preparing t
Bibliography
2
DEFINITION OF RELATED
LITERATURE
AND STUDIES

3
 DEFINITION OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

• Literature
▪ refers to the knowledge of a particular area of investigation, practical and its research studies.
• Review
▪ to organize the knowledge of the specific area of research.

4
 DEFINITION OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
• Literature review
▪ It is composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the present study is related.
▪ It identifies, evaluates, and synthesizes the relevant literature within a particular field of research.
▪ The materials are usually found in scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to a particular area of
research.
• Related studies
▪ are from researchers or from official public offices, and thesis from different universities and libraries.

5
CHARACTERISTICS OF REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
AND STUDIES
1. The related materials should be as recent as possible.
2. Reviewed materials should be objective and unbiased.
3. Surveyed materials should be related to the study.
4. The reviewed materials should be based upon genuinely original and true facts or data must be valid
and reliable.
5. The reviewed materials should be based upon genuinely original and true facts or data must be valid
and reliable.

6
 FOREIGN AND LOCAL LITERATURE
• Local Literature
▪ These are local materials usually printed and found in books, professional
journals and magazines, newspapers and University publications published
by the different colleges and universities in the Philippines.
• Foreign Literature
▪ These are materials printed in other countries with information related to the current
study and are found in books, professional journals, magazines and other
publications.
▪ Formula for citing a foreign language source in APA:
• Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year Published). Title in the original language
[Translated title]. Place of Publication: Publisher.
• APA citation sample:
de Saint-Exupéry, A. (1943). Le petit prince [The little prince]. Paris, France: Gallimard.
7
 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES

• Primary source
▪ is used broadly to embody all sources that are original. Primary sources provide first-hand information that is
closest to the object of study. Primary sources vary by discipline.
• Secondary source
▪ It is a source that provides non-original or secondhand data or information.

8
EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
SOURCES
Primary Source Secondary Source
Art Original artwork Article critiquing the piece of art

History Diary of an immigrant Book on various writings of Vietnamese

from Vietnam immigrants from the 1970s
Literature Poem Article on a particular genre of poetry

Political Science Treaty Essay on Native American land rights

Science or Social Report of an original Review of several studies on the same topic
Sciences experiment

Theater Video of a Biography of a playwright

performance

9
 IMPORTANCE,
PURPOSES, AND
FUNCTIONS OF
REVIEW OF
LITERATURE AND
STUDIES 10
 IMPORTANCE, PURPOSES, AND FUNCTIONS
OF REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

• It provides a theoretical background to your study.

• It helps you establish the links between what you are
proposing to examine and what has already been studied.
• It enables you to show how your findings have contributed
to the existing body of knowledge in your profession. It
helps you to integrate your research findings into the
existing body of knowledge. (Kumar, 1996)
11
IMPORTANCE, PURPOSES, AND FUNCTIONS
OF REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

• It helps determine possible gaps, conflicts, and open

questions left from the other researches which might help
in formulating and justifying your research
• It helps you acquire knowledge on the accuracy and
significance of your research questions.
• It helps you to be acquainted with the technical
terminologies relevant to your study.
(Baraceros, 2016)
12
 IMPORTANCE, PURPOSES, AND FUNCTIONS
OF REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The literature review can help in four ways. It can:

1. bring clarity and focus to your research problem;

2. improve your research methodology;
3. broaden your knowledge base in your research area; and
4. contextualize your findings.
(Kumar, 1996)
13
 WRITING
LITERATURE
REVIEWS
14
 WHAT IS A LITERATURE
REVIEW?
• A literature review is an objective, concise, critical summary of published research literature
relevant to a topic being researched in an article.

15
 4 MAIN OBJECTIVES OF A LITERATURE REVIEW

• It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.

• It synthesizes the information in that literature into a summary.
• It critically analyses the information gathered by identifying gaps in current knowledge; by showing
limitations of theories and points of view; and by formulating areas for further research and reviewing areas
of controversy.
• It presents the literature in an organized way.

16
 A GOOD LITERATURE REVIEW
WILL:

• Focus on unresolved debates, inconsistencies, tensions, and

new questions in the research field;
• Summarize the most relevant and important aspects of the
scientific literature related to your area of research;
• Synthesize past and current research on the topic and show
your research fits in.
• Give the reader an understanding of the background of the
field.

17
BUILDING A BOOK SHELF

Article B

Study C
Book A
18
 WHAT IS INCLUDED?
• Historical background for research
• Current research context –
Questions, issues, debates, etc.

19
 WHAT IS INCLUDED?
• Relevant theories and concepts

• Definition of relevant terminology

• Describe related research

• Supporting evidence for a

practical problem/issue

20
TYPES OF LITERATURE REVIEW
• Literature reviews can take different forms and serve slightly different purposes.

21
 Part of Broader Work

Journal Studies/ Dissertation/

Articles Thesis

Selective Comprehensive

Course Assignment Literature Analysis

(Review)

Stand Alone Work 22

 LITERATURE REVIEWS FOUND IN
JOURNALS
• Introduce research related to this specific study (Introduction section)
• Shorter than stand-alone reviews
• Narrower in scope
• Often used to set research precedent and support theory or methods

23
 STRUCTURE OF A LITERATURE REVIEW FOR ARTICLE

Background
General Specific

Topic background Supporting details Narrower categories of

research

Categories/studies
Literature review is part of the Introduction closest to your
research
24
 LITERATURE REVIEW WRITING
PROCESS
• Not a linear process
• Go back and check the literature while reformulating ideas
• Work on the literature before, during and after your study
• These steps can be applied to all kinds of literature reviews

25
 LITERATURE REVIEW WRITING PROCESS

• At this point, you can adjust the scope of your article or literature review.

Topic your are

STEP 1: familiar with
Choose a TOPIC – and interested
in
Focus and explore this topic
Topic that are Topic that
current, well- your readers
established, and other
and have researchers
ample will be
research for interested in
review 26
 LITERATURE REVIEW WRITING PROCESS

STEP 2
RESEARCH –
• Collect scholarly
information and
sources

27
 LITERATURE REVIEW WRITING PROCESS

Use thought maps and charts to

identify intersections of the
STEP 3 - research and outline important
categories
• Analyze the Primary Secondary Tertiary
network of Reports
Newspapers Indexes
Thesis
information and Emails
Conference reposts
Books
Abstracts

SELECT works Company Reports

Journals
Catalogues

Encyclopedias
Some government
Internet
publications Dictionaries
Some government Bibliographies
Unpublished
publications
manuscript sources Citation Indexes

Increasing level of detail

Increasing time to publish

Select the material most useful to your review 28

 LITERATURE REVIEW WRITING PROCESS

STEP 4 -
Introduction to the study
DESCRIBE and
SUMMARIZE each
selected article

For Example:
The study of Heart Disease
A. Atherosclerosis “Yang’s (1995) longitudinal study of
B. Hypertension obese patients attempts to
measure the effects of chronic
C. Obesity
hypertension on atherosclerosis…”
29
 LITERATURE REVIEW WRITING PROCESS
STEP 5-
DEMONSTRATE how
concepts in the literature
relate to results of study;
ESTABLISH how the
literature is connected
For intro to a journal article:
⮚ Identify the missing parts in previous
studies that your study addresses.
⮚ Highlight concepts that support your
hypothesis, methods, results, or
conclusion
For a stand – alone literature review:
⮚ Highlight concepts in each article and
show how they strengthen a hypothesis
or show a pattern.
❖ Identify unaddressed issues in previous
studies.
❖ Identify what is accurate and what is out
30
of scope within these works.
 LITERATURE REVIEW WRITING PROCESS

STEP 6 -
IDENTIFY relationships
in the literature and
CONNECT your own
ideas to them

Your hypothesis,
argument, or
guiding concept is
the GOLDEN
THREAD!
31
 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
⮚ How long should a literature review be?
▪ In general, the length of a literature review should make
up 10-20% of your research paper, thesis or dissertation
and have its own chapter.
▪ For a thesis, this means a literature review should be
approximately 6,000 to 12,000 words long, with the
actual length varying based on your subject.
Literature Review
• Rabia K el al (2007) reported that
prevalence of peripheral neuropathy
in primary care setting at university
Malaya was 41% , foot ulcer 9.5%
and peripheral vascular disease 16%
• Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy
in Turkish Diabetic patient was
40.4% by clinical examination ,
Ebras et al (2011)
32
 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

⮚ How many sources should I review?

▪ Determined by the scope of the topic, the depth of analysis, and the
extent of consensus or disagreement in this area.

▪ Stand-alone review: 5-15 – 30+ (book)

▪ Introducing a study: < 5

 TIPS FOR CREATING A STRONG
LITERATURE REVIEW

⮚ Clearly define your topic and audience first

⮚ Read many literature reviews and article

 TIPS FOR CREATING A STRONG
LITERATURE REVIEW
⮚ Focus on more current sources

⮚ Take notes while reading literature

⮚ What in the texts is

relevant to the literature
review?
REFERENCING AND
PREPARING
CITATION

36
 REFERENCING
▪ Referencing is also called as citation.
▪ Referencing can be defined as a method of acknowledging and recognizing someone for his or
her innovative work that you used in you research to back and support your idea.
▪ A reference usually includes the name of author, date of publication, name and location of the
publishing company, title of the journal or name of the book, title of the research or chapter’s
name, and DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

37
 IMPORTANCE OF CITATION AND REFERENCING

• To show your reader you've done proper research by listing sources you used to get your information
• To be a responsible scholar by giving credit to other researchers and acknowledging their ideas
• To avoid plagiarism by quoting words and ideas used by other authors
• To allow your reader to track down the sources you used by citing them accurately in your paper by way
of footnotes, a bibliography or reference list

38
 WHAT NEEDS TO BE REFERENCED?

Whenever an assignment uses words, facts, ideas, theories, or interpretations from other sources,
those sources must be referenced. Referencing is needed when:
• You have copied words from a book, article, or other source exactly .
• You have used an idea or fact from an outside source, even if you haven't used their exact wording.

39
 REFERENCING STYLES

▪ APA (American Psychological Association)

▪ Vancouver
▪ Harvard
▪ MLA (Modern Language Association)
▪ Chicago/ Turabian
▪ ACS (American Chemical Society)
▪ AGLC (Australian Guide to Legal Citation
▪ AMA (American Medical Association)
▪ CSE/ CBE (Council of Science Editors
▪ IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

40
 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF REFERENCING

• Print Sources
*The components that constitute each reference entry for print sources include:
i. Author (it could be: a person as self-author(s) or as Editor(s), a corporate body, a government, a
conference, etc.).
ii. The date of publication (the year of publication, which to some kinds of material includes day
and month. But, where the year of publication is not seen, the copyright year is used but with a
“c” sign before the date (e.g. c2014). Where there is no date, the abbreviation “n.d”, for no date,
may be used.
iii. Title
iv. Edition
v. Place of Publication
vi. Publisher
vii. Volume, number and/ or page numbers
41
• Non-print Sources (electronic materials)
*To accurately cite and reference electronic sources of information, the following basic
information (which must appear in every likely credible electronic material) must be clearly visible where
available:
i. Name of the Author or Editor (if available)
ii. Title of the page/article
iii. Title of the web page (look on the site’s home page)
iv. Type of medium (for example electronic journal, online)
v. Date on which the website was updated or the copyright date
vi. Full internet address (URL) (for example http://www...)
vii. Date on which the website was accessed

42
 APA (AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION)

▪ AmericanPsychological Association, commonly known as APA

Referencing is very similar to Harvard Referencing Style

▪ This
style of referencing came forth in 1929 in the form of
“Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association”.

▪ Withthe passage of time the manual kept on having revisions

and edition. So far 6 editions of the manual have been
published.
43
 SYSTEM OF REFERENCING

▪ It uses the parenthetical system of referencing.

▪ A brief in-text reference containing the name of
author and year of publication is given in round
brackets; thus it is also called as author-date based
referencing style

Parenthetical: (Preston, 2014)

Narrative: Preston (2014) discusses the concept of...
44
 PREPARING
THE
LITERATURE
CITED (APA)
45
 APA CITATION BASICS

Note: APA requires authors to use the past

tense when using signal phrases to describe
earlier research.
E.g., Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998) has found…..

46
 SHORT QUOTATIONS

• When directly quoting from a work, include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the
reference (preceded by “p”).
• Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author’s name followed by the date of
publication in parentheses
According to Jones (1998), “Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first
time”(p.199)

47
 SHORT QUOTATIONS

• Jones (1998) found “students often had difficulty using

APA style” (p. 199); what implications does this have for
teacher?
• She stated, “Students often had difficulty using APA style,”
(Jones, 1998, p.199), but she did not offer an explanation
as to why.

48
 LONG QUOTATIONS

• Placedirect quotations longer than 40 words in a

free- standing block of typewritten lines, and omit
quotation marks

49
50
 SUMMARY OR PARAPHRASE

• If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and
year of publication in your in-text reference, but APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page
number (although it is not required).
According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.
APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

51
 CITING A WORK BY TWO AUTHORS:

• Name both authors in the signal phrase or in the

parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the
word “and” between the authors’ names within the
text and use the ampersand in the parentheses.
Research by Wegener and Petty (1994)
supports……
(Wegener & Petty, 1994)
52
 A WORK BY THREE TO FIVE AUTHORS

• List all the authors in the signal phrase or in

parentheses the first time you cite the source.
(Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993)
• In subsequent citations only use the first author’s last

name followed by “et al.” in the signal phrase or in

parentheses.
(Kernes et al., 1993)
53
 SIX OR MORE AUTHORS

• Usethe first author’s name followed by et al. in

the signal phrase or in parentheses.

Harris et al. (2001) argued……..

(Harris et al., 2001)

54
 UNKNOWN AUTHOR
• If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word
or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web
pages are in quotation marks. APA style calls for capitalizing important words in titles when they are
written in the text (but not when they are written in reference lists).
A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers ("Using Citations," 2001).
• Note: In the rare case the "Anonymous" is used for the author, treat it as the author's name (Anonymous,
2001). In the reference list, use the name Anonymous as the author.

55
 ORGANIZATION AS AN AUTHOR

• Mentionthe organization in the signal phrase

or in the parenthetical citation the first time
you cite the source.

According to the American Psychological Association (2000), ……

56
 ORGANIZATION AS AN AUTHOR

• If the organization has well- known abbreviation,

include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the
source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in
later citations.
• First citation: (Mother Against Drunk Driving
[MADD], 2000)
• Second Citation: (MADD, 2000)

57
TWO OR MORE WORKS IN THE SAME PARENTHESES

• When your parenthetical citation includes two or

more works, order them the same way they appear
in the reference list, separated by a semi- colon.
(Berndt, 2002; Harlow, 1983)

58
TWO OR MORE WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR IN THE
SAME PARENTHESES:

• When your parenthetical citation includes two or

more works from the same author, list the years of
publication in sequence, with the earliest first.
Provide in-press citations last. Only list authors'
surnames once for each list of dates.

(Hoffa, 1956, 1962, 1975)

59
• Following this pattern, multiple works from multiple
authors can be contained within a single
parenthetical. Separate authors' sources with a
semicolon. Note, however, that the authors' names
should be provided in the order they appear in the
reference list regardless of when their sources were
published.
(Jones, 2010, 2018, in press; Smith, 2002, 2003,
2004, 2006; Zepf, 2019)

60
 AUTHORS WITH THE SAME LAST NAME

•To prevent confusion, use the first initials with

the last names.
(E. Johnson, 2001; L. Johnson, 1998)

61
 TWO OR MORE WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR IN
THE SAME YEAR

• If you have two sources by the same author in

the same year, use lower- case letters (a, b, c)
with the year to order the entries in the
reference list. Use the lower- case with the year
in the in- text citation.

Research by Berndt (1981a) illustrated that…..

62
 PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• For interviews, letters, e- mails, and other person to person communications, cite the communicators
name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication. Do not include
personal communication in the reference list.
(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).
A.P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal
communication, November 3, 2002).

63
 CITING INDIRECT SOURCES

• Ifyou use a source in your signal phrase. List

the secondary source in your reference list and
include the secondary source iin the
parentheses.

Johnson argued that…..(as cited in Smith, 2003, p.

102).
64
 ELECTRONIC SOURCES

• If possible, cite an electronic document the

same as any other document by using the
author-date style.

Kenneth (2000) explained...

65
 UNKNOWN AUTHOR AND UNKNOWN DATE

•If no author or date is given, use the title in

your signal phrase or the first word or two of
the title in the parentheses and use the
abbreviation “n. d.” (for “no date”)
Another study of students and research
decisions discovered that students succeeded
with tutoring (Tutoring and APA,” n. d.)
66
 SOURCE WITHOUT PAGE NUMBERS

• When an electronic source lacks page numbers, you

should try to include information that will help
readers find the passage being cited.
According to Smith (1997), …(Mind over Matter section, para. 6).

• Note: Never use the page number of web pages you

print out; different computers print Web pages with
different pagination.
67
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: BASIC RULES (APA)

• All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch
from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.
• Authors' names are inverted (last name first); give the last name and initials for all authors of a
particular work for up to and including seven authors. If the work has more than seven authors,
list the first six authors and then use ellipses after the sixth author's name. After the ellipses, list
the last author's name of the work.

68
• Reference list entries should be alphabetized
by the last name of the first author of each
work.
• For multiple articles by the same author, or
authors listed in the same order, list the entries
in chronological order, from earliest to most
recent.
• Present the journal title in full.
69
• Maintain the punctuation and capitalization
that is used by the journal in its title.
• For example: ReCALL not RECALL or
Knowledge Management Research & Practice
not Knowledge Management Research and
Practice.
• Capitalize all major words in journal titles.
When referring to the titles of books,
chapters, articles, or webpages, capitalize
only the first letter of the first word of a title
and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a
dash in the title, and proper nouns.
70
• Note that the distinction here is based on the
type of source being cited. Academic journal
titles have all major words capitalized, while
other sources' titles do not.
• Italicize titles of longer works such as books
and journals.
• Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes
around the titles of shorter works such as
journal articles or essays in edited collections.
71
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: AUTHORS

• Single author: Last name first, followed by

author initials.
Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current directions in Psychological Science, 11, 7-
10.

• Two authors: List by their names and initials.

Use the ampersand instead of “and”.
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (19940). Mood management across affective states: the hedonic contingency
hypothesis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 66, 10340 1048.

72
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: AUTHORS

• Three to Seven Authors: List by names and

initials; commas separate author names, while the last
author name is preceded again by ampersand.
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., &
Harlow, T. (1993). There’s more to self- esteem than
whether it is high or low: The importance of stability
of self- esteem. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 65, 1190- 1204.
73
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: AUTHORS

• More Than Seven Authors: List by last names and

initials; commas separate author names. After the
sixth author's name, use an ellipsis in place of the
author names. Then provide the final author name.
There should be no more than seven names.
Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A.,
Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T., . . . Rubin, L. H. (2009).
Web site usability for the blind and low-vision user.
Technical Communication, 57, 323-335.
74
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: AUTHORS

• Organization as Author: Also known as a

"corporate author." Here, you simply treat the
publishing organization the same way you'd
treat the author's name and format the rest of
the citation as normal.

American Psychological Association (2003).

75
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: AUTHORS

•Unknown Author
Merriam- Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th
ed.) (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam- Webster

76
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: AUTHORS

• Two or More Works by the Same Author:

Use the author’s name for all entries and list the
entries by the year (earliest comes first).
Berndt,T. J. (1981).
Berndt,T.J. (1999).

77
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: AUTHORS

• When an author appears both as a sole author and, in

another citation, as the author of a group, list the one-
author entries first.
Berndt, T. J. (1999). Friends ‘influence on students’
adjustment to school. Educational Psychologist, 34, 15- 28.
Berndt, T. J., & Keefe, K. (1995). Friends ‘influence on
adolescents’ adjustment to school. Child Development, 66,
1312-1329.
78
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: AUTHORS

• References that have the same first author and different

second and/or third authors are arranged alphabetically
by the last name of the second author, or the last name of
the third if the first and second authors are the same.
Wegener, D. T., Kerr, N. L., Fleming, M. A., & Petty, R. E.
(2000). Flexible corrections of juror judgments:
Implications for jury instructions. Psychology, Public Policy,
and Law, 6, 629-654.
Wegener, D. T., Petty, R. E., & Klein, D. J. (1994). Effects of
mood on high elaboration attitude change: The
mediating role of likelihood judgments. European Journal
of Social Psychology, 24, 25-43.
79
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: AUTHORS

• Two or More Works by the Same Author in the

Same Year: If you are using more than one reference by
the same author (or the same group of authors listed in
the same order) published in the same year, organize
them in the reference list alphabetically by the title of the
article or chapter. Then assign letter suffixes to the year.
Refer to these sources in your essay as they appear in
your reference list, e.g.: "Berdnt (1981a) makes similar
claims..."
80
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: AUTHORS

Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age changes and changes over

time in prosocial intentions and behavior between
friends. Developmental Psychology, 17, 408-416.

Berndt, T. J. (1981b). Effects of friendship on prosocial

intentions and behavior. Child Development, 52, 636-
643.
81
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: AUTHORS

• Introductions, Prefaces, Forewords, and

Afterwords: Cite the publishing information
about a book as usual, but cite Introduction,
Preface, Foreword, or Afterword (whatever
title is applicable) as the chapter of the book.
• Funk, R., & Kolln, M. (1998). Introduction. In E.
W. Ludlow (Ed.), Understanding English
grammar (pp. 1-2). Needham, MA: Allyn and 82

Bacon.
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: ARTICLES IN
PERIODICALS

• Article in Journal Paginated by Volume

Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing
psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and
Physiological Psychology, 55, 893- 896.
• Article in Journal Paginated by Issue

Scrutan, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The new

Criterion, 15 (30), 5-13.
83
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: ARTICLES IN
PERIODICALS

• Article in a Magazine
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade
in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28- 31.
• Article in a Newspaper

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to

strengthen state energy policies. The Country
Today, pp. 1A, 2A.
84
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: BOOKS

• Edited Book No Author

Duncan, G. J., & Brooks- Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Russell Sage
Foundation.
• Edited Book with an Author or Authors
Plath, S. (2000).The unbridged journals (K.V. Kukil, Ed). New York:Anchor.
• A Translation
Laplace, P.S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities. (F.W. Truscott & F.L. Emory, trans.). New York:
Dover (Original work published 1814).

85
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: BOOKS

• Edition Other Than the First

Helfer, M. E., Keme, R.S., & Drugman, R.D. (1997). The battered child (5th ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago
Press.
• Article or Chapter in an Edited Book
O’ Neil, J.M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men’s and women’s gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and
transformation. In B.R.Wianrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life
cycle (pp. 107- 123). New York: Springer.

86
 Reference List/ Bibliography: Books

• Multivolume Work

Wiener, P. (Ed.) (1973). Dictionary of the history of

ideas (Vols. 1-4). New York: Scribner’s

87
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: OTHER PRINT
MATERIALS

• AnEntry in An Encyclopedia
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new
encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501- 508).
Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

88
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: OTHER PRINT
MATERIALS

• Work Discussed in a Secondary Source: List the source the work was discussed in:
Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-
distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review, 100, 589-608.
• NOTE: Give the secondary source in the references list; in the text, name the original work, and give a
citation for the secondary source. For example, if Seidenberg and McClelland's work is cited in Coltheart
et al. and you did not read the original work, list the Coltheart et al. reference in the References. In the
text, use the following citation:
In Seidenberg and McClelland's study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993), ...

89
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: OTHER PRINT
MATERIALS

• Dissertation Abstract
Yoshida,Y. (2001). Essays in urban transportation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62, 7741A.
• Dissertation, Published
Lastname, F. N. (Year). Title of dissertation (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Name of database.
(Accession or Order Number)
• Dissertation, Unpublished
Lastname, F. N. (Year). Title of dissertation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Name of Institution,
Location.

90
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: OTHER PRINT
MATERIALS

• Government Document
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication
No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
• Report From a Private Organization
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with eating
disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

91
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: OTHER PRINT
MATERIALS

• Conference Proceedings

Schnase, J. L., & Cunnius, E. L. (Eds.). (1995).

Proceedings from CSCL '95: The First International
Conference on Computer Support for
Collaborative Learning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

92
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: ELECTRONIC
SOURCES

• If the article appears as a printed version as well, the URL is not required Use “Electronic
version” in brackets after the article’s title
Whitmeyer, J. M. (2000). Power through appointment [ Electronic version]. Social Science Research, 29, 535-
555.
• Article From a Database
Smyth, A.M., Parker, A. L., & Pease, D. L. (2002). A study of enjoyment of peas. Journal of Abnormal Eating, 8 (3).
Retrieved February 20, 2003, from PsycARTICLES database

93
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: ELECTRONIC
SOURCES

• Abstract
Bossong, G. Ergativity in Bosque. Linguistics, 22 (3), 341- 392
Abstract retrieved from Linguistics Abstracts Online.
• Article From a Database
Smyth, A.M., Parker, A. L., & Pease, D. L. (2002). A study of
enjoyment of peas. Journal of Abnormal Eating, 8 (3).
Retrieved February 20 2003, from PsycARTICLES database

94
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: ELECTRONIC
SOURCES

• Dissertation/ Thesis from a Database

Biswas, S. (2008). Dopamine D3 receptor: A
neuroprotective treatment target in Parkinson’s disease.
Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. (AAT
3295214)
• Online Encyclopedia and Dictionaries
Feminism. (n.d.) In Encylopedia Britannica online. Retrieved
March 16, 2008, from http://www.Britannica.com
95
 REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: INTERVIEWS, EMAIL,
AND OTHER PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• No personal communication is included in your

reference list; instead, parenthetically cite the
communicators name, the fact that it was
personal communication in you main text only.

96
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Davis, B. (2021, June 1). What is related literature and studies?
https://www.mvorganizing.org/what-is-related-literature-and-studies/
Jasper Obico. (2011, November 28). Review of Related Literature. Slideshare.net.
https://www.slideshare.net/jasperidium/review-of-related-literature-10364715
Library Guides. (n.d.). Guides.library.uq.edu.au. Retrieved September 25, 2021, from
https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing
Literature Review: Conducting & Writing. (2019, August 5). Uwf.edu.
https://libguides.uwf.edu/c.php?g=215199&p=1420520
Long, C. (2020, June 30). Referencing. Libguides.mq.edu.au.
https://libguides.mq.edu.au/referencing/ACS
Massey University. (2020, February 26). What is referencing?
Owll.massey.ac.nz.https://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/what-is-referencing.php

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Monash University. (2018, October). Introduction to literature reviews. Monash.edu.
https://www.monash.edu/rlo/graduate-research-writing/write-the-thesis/introduction-
literature reviews
Mongan-Rallis, H. (2018, April 19). Guidelines for writing a literature review. Umn.edu.
https://www.d.umn.edu/~hrallis/guides/researching/litreview.html
Related Literature and Studies Characteristics. (2009, March 30). Http://Thesisnotes.com/.
http://thesisnotes.com/thesis-writing/related-literature-and-studies-characteristic/
Reyes, J. (2014, July 15). Related Literature and Related Studies. Slideshare.net.
https://www.slideshare.net/JhengReyes/chapter-iii-thesis-ni-gara
Vloeberghs, S. (2020, June 15). Subject Guides: AGLC Referencing Guide: Example Text.
Utas.libguides.com. https://utas.libguides.com/c.php?g=498474&p=3412685
Write a Literature Review. (2021, September 8). Uoguelph.ca.
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