‫جامعة بوليتكنك فلسطين‬

‫كلية الهندسة‬
‫دائرة الهندسة الميكانيكية‬
‫المساق‪ :‬كهروميكانيك‬
‫االسم‪ :‬عبدالله جبريل دويك‬
‫التخصص‪ :‬هندسة الميكاترونكس‬
‫مدرس المساق‪ :‬د‪ .‬رائد أبو مرخية‬
‫‪........................0200\0\02...................‬‬ ‫التاريخ‪:‬‬
 METAL FORMING
There is three main ways to
form metals:
 By Casting
 By Cutting
 By Don Cutting
Casting: Metal casting is the process of making objects by
pouring molten metal into an empty shaped space. The metal then
cools and hardens into the form given to it by this shaped mold.
Casting is often a less expensive way to manufacture apiece
compared with machining the part out of a piece of solid metal.

Some common types of Metal Casting is:

 Sand Casting
 Die Casting
 Investing Casting
 Centrifugal Casting
Don Cutting: metal forming, is the metalworking process
of fashioning metal parts and objects through mechanical
deformation; the work piece is reshaped without adding or
removing material, and its mass remains unchanged.

Types of Don Cutting:

1. Shearing : Shearing is a metal fabricating process

used to cut straight lines on flat metal stock. During
the shearing process, an upper blade and a lower
blade are forced past each other with the space
between them determined by a required offset.
2. Bending: Metal bending is a process by which
metal can be deformed when applying force to the
subject, which causes it to bend at an angle and
form the anticipated shape, which often results in it
being in a 'V' or a 'U' shape. A press brake is a tool
used in order to bend sheet metal and uses a punch
and die to do this.

3. Rolling: In metalworking, rolling is a metal forming

process in which metal stock is passed through one
or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness, to
make the thickness uniform, and/or to impart a
desired mechanical property. The concept is similar
to the rolling of dough.
4. Punching/Blanking: Sheet metal punching is
a cutting process in which material is removed from
a piece of sheet metal by applying a great enough
shearing force. CNC Punching can be used to
produce holes and cutouts of various shapes and
sizes.

5. Drawing: Metal drawing is a metalworking process

by which metal is stretched and formed using tensile
force. The process is typically performed cold, which
is done to ensure accurate tolerances, better grain
structure and surface finish, as well as improved
material properties.
6. Spinning: Metal spinning, also known as spin
forming or spinning or metal turning most
commonly, is a metalworking process by which a
disc or tube of metal is rotated at high speed and
formed into an axially symmetric part.[1] Spinning
can be performed by hand or by a CNC lathe.

7. Extrusion: Metal Extrusion is a metal forming

manufacturing process in which a cylindrical billet
inside a closed cavity is forced to flow through a die
of the desired cross-section. These fixed cross-
sectional profile extruded parts are called
“Extrudates” and pushed out using either a
mechanical or hydraulic press.
By Cutting: Metal cutting is “the process of removing
unwanted material in the form of chips, from a block of
metal, using cutting tool”. A person who specializes in
machining is called a machinist. A room, building or
company where machining is done is called a Machine
Shop.

Types of metal cutting:

1. Sawing: In the metals industry, band sawing is one of

the primary methods used to cut metal materials. This
process involves using a powered saw with a long,
sharp blade consisting of a continuous band of toothed
metal stretched between two or more wheels. This
provides uniform cutting as a result of an evenly
distributed tooth load.
2. Turning: Turning is a machining process in which
a cutting tool, typically a non-rotary tool bit, describes
a helix toolpath by moving more or less linearly while
the workpiece rotates.

3. Planning: Material Cutting Technology is a

manufacturing process in which a cutting tool is used to
remove material from a work-part. So that the remaining
material becomes a desired final shape and size by a
controlled material-removal processes. The machining
process is controlled by detail drawing. Machining is a
family of processes
4. Milling: A milling is a machine used to
work metals . Millers have two main types, and this
classification depends on the position of the axis of
the machine carrying the cutting tool.

5. Grinding: is a type of abrasive machining process

which uses grinding wheel as cutting tool.

6. Drilling: is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a

hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill
bit is usually a rotary cutting tool, often multi-point. The
bit is pressed against the work-piece and rotated at
rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per
minute.
7. Shaping: is a manufacturing process of material
removal in which the workpiece reciprocates against a
stationary cutting tool producing a plane or sculpted
surface. Planing is analogous to shaping.

8. Boring: the process of enlarging a hole that has

already been drilled (or cast) by means of a single-point
cutting tool Boring is used to achieve greater accuracy
of the diameter of a hole, and can be used to cut a
tapered hole.