CH: 07 (Oscillations) I

OBJECTIVE (MCQ’S) OF CHAPTER 7

1. The S.l units of spring constant are:
(A) 𝑚−1 (B) 𝑁𝑚−1 (C) 𝑁𝑚−2 (D) 𝑁𝑚2
2. Time period of simple pendulum only depends on:
(A) Mass of the bob (B) length of the pendulum
(C) Amplitude of vibration (D) size of the bob
3. The frequency of second’s pendulum is:
(A) 1 Hz (B) 2 Hz (C) 0.5 Hz (D) 5 Hz
4. On increasing the tension, the frequency of vibration of a string:
(A) Increase (B) Decrease
(C) Remains constant (D) First increase and then decrease
5. The product of time period and frequency is:
(A) Zero (B) 1 (C) 𝜋 (D) 2
6. A body is executing SHM. What fraction of its total energy will be kinetic energy
when its displacement from the mean position is half of its displacement?
1 3 3 1
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 4
7. Which expression is correct for the time period of simple pendulum:
(A) 𝑇 ∝ ℓ (B) 𝑇 ∝ 𝑚 (C) 𝑇 ∝ ℓ (D) 𝑇 ∝ 𝑚
8. Distance covered during one vibration of an oscillating body in terms of amplitude ‘A’
is:
(A) A/2 (B) A (C) 2 A (D) 4 A
9. If a string of length 𝓵 vibrates in n loop, the wavelength of stationary wave produced
will be:
2ℓ 𝑛ℓ ℓ 𝑛ℓ
(A) 𝑛 (B) (C) 2𝑛 (D)
2 2
10. If the period of a simple pendulum is double, its amplitude will become:
(A) Unaffected (B) Double (C) Half (D) 1.41 as large
11. 10cm extension is produced in a spring due to a force of 20 N. The spring constant is:
(A) 2 N𝑚−1 (B)20 N𝑚−1 (C)200 N𝑚−1 (D)2000 N𝑚−1
12. The maximum K.E of a mass attached to the end of an elastic spring is:
1 1 1
(A) 2 𝑘𝑥 2 (B)2 𝑘𝑥02 (C)4 𝑘𝑥02 (D) 𝑘𝑥02
13. Acceleration of projection of a particle moving around a circle is given by relation:
𝑔𝑥 −𝑘
(A) 𝑎 = (B)𝑎 = −𝜔2 𝑥 (C)𝑎 = 𝑥 (D)𝑎 = −𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝐼 𝑚
14. If mass of pendulum becomes double, then its time period will be:
(A) Double (B) Half (C) Four time (D) Remain same
15. If the time period of simple pendulum is 2 seconds its frequency will be:
(A) 1.0 Hz (B) 0.5 Hz (C) 1.5 Hz (D) 2 Hz
16. The distance between node and antinodes:
𝜆 𝜆
(A) 4𝜆 (B) 2𝜆 (C)2 (D)4

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 CH: 07 (Oscillations) I
17. At mean position during SHM.
(A) PE is maximum and KE is minimum
(B) (B)PE is minimum and KE is maximum
(C) Both KE and PE are maximum
(D) (D)Both KE and PE are minimum
18. The time period of a wave is 0.2 s. Its frequency will be:
(A) 2Hz (B) 3Hz (C) 4Hz (D) 5Hz
19. The wave form of SHM is:
(A) Cosine wave (B) Sine wave
(C) Square wave (D) Pulse wave
20. The time required to complete one vibration is called:
(A) Time period (B) Frequency (C) Vibration (D) Amplitude
21. In case of oscillating pendulum its acceleration ‘’a’’ is:
(A) 𝑎 ∝ 𝜃 (B) 𝑎 ∝ time period
(C) 𝑎 ∝ length pendulum (D) 𝑎 ∝ mass of bob
22. If 30 waves per second pass through a medium at a speed of 30ms-1 the wavelength is:
(A) 30 m (B) 15 m (C) 1 m (D) 280 m
23. If stretching force ‘’T’’ of a wire is increased, then its frequency:
(A) Decrease (B) Increase (C) Remains same (D) one half
24. The length of second’s pendulum is:
(A) 100 cm (B) 90 cm (C) 99.2 cm (D) 98 cm
25. The acceleration of a body having SHM, depend upon its:
(A) Time period (B) Amplitude
(C) Frequency (D) Displacement from mean position
26. The mathematical expression for the restoring force is:
(A) F = kx (B) F = ma (C) F = dp/dt (D) F = -kx
27. In simple harmonic motion the velocity of a particle is maximum at:
(A) Extreme position
(B) Mean position
(C) In between extreme and mean position
(D) None of them
28. The dimension of spring constant ‘’K’’ are:
(A) [𝑀𝐿𝑇 −1 ] (B)[𝑀𝑇 −2 ] (C)[𝑀𝐿𝑇 −2 ] (D)[𝑀𝑇 −1 ]
29. The waves produced in microwave oven have a wavelength of:
(A) 12 cm (B) 12 m (C) 18 m (D) 18 cm
30. The force responsible for the vibratory motion of simple pendulum is:
(A) mg Cos𝜃 (B) mg Sec𝜃 (C) mg Sin𝜃 (D) mg Tan𝜃
31. The time period of an oscillating mass spring system in 10 seconds. If mass attached
to spring is doubled then time period becomes:
(A) 10 S (B) 20 S (C) 5 S (D) 10 2 S
32. The correct relation between frequency and time period is:
𝑓 𝑇
(A) 𝑇 = 1 (B)𝑓 = 1 (C) f × 𝑡 = 2 (D) f × 𝑡 = 1

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 CH: 07 (Oscillations) I
33. The frequency of Simple pendulum is give be:
1 𝑔 𝑔 1 𝑙 𝑙
(A) 2ᴨ (B)2ᴨ (C)2ᴨ (D)2ᴨ
𝑙 𝑙 𝑔 𝑔

34. The P.E stored by a mass spring system at an extension of 2cm is 10J. The P.E stored
by the same system at an extension of 4cm will be:
(A) 10 J (B) 20 J (C) 30 J (D) 40 J
35. The velocity of a particle having SHM is V at mean position. If its amplitude is
doubled then velocity at mean position will be:
(A) v/2 (B) V (C) 2V (D) 4V
36. Turning of radio is example of:
(A) Mechanical resonance (B) Electrical resonance
(C) Physical resonance (D) Biological resonance
37. The frequency of waves produced in microwave oven is:
(A) 2250 MHz (B) 2450 MHz (C) 2650 MHz (D) 2850 MHz
38. On loading the prong of a tuning fork with wax, the frequency of sound:
(A) Increases (B) decreases
(C) remains same (D) first increases then decreases
39. If amplitude of a simple pendulum is increased by 4 times then time period will be:
(A) Four times B) Half (C) Same (D) two times

Answers of the Multiple Choice Questions

01. B 02. B 03. C 04. A 05. B

06. A 07. C 08. D 09. A 10. A
11. C 12. B 13. B 14. D 15. B
16. D 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. A
21. A 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. D
36. D 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C
31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C
36. B 37. B 38. B 39. C

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CH: 07 (Oscillations) I
SHORT QUESTIONS OF CHAPTER -07

1: Define vibratory motion?

Ans: The to and fro motion of a body about a fixed point is called the vibratory or
oscillatory motion.
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2: Define restoring force and simple harmonic motion.
Ans: Restoring Force: The force that brings back the oscillatory object towards its mean
position is called the restoring force.
𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥
Simple Harmonic Motion: The vibratory motion in which the acceleration of the
body is proportional to displacement and is directed towards its mean position is
called simple harmonic motion. 𝑎 ∝ −𝑥
T.E is also same in whole process.
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3: Name two characteristics of S.H.M.
Ans: The characteristic of SHM are:
i) Acceleration of the body is directly proportional to the displacement and is always
directed towards mean position.
a∝-𝑥
ii) Total energy of the particle executing SHM remains conserved.
E = K.E + P.E = constant
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4: What is the total distance travelled by an object moving with SHM in a time equal
to its period, if its amplitude is A?
Ans: The total distance travelled by an object moving with SHM in its time period is 2A,
where A is amplitude of vibration.
5: What do you mean by phase?
Ans: The angle 𝜃 which specifies the displacement as well as the direction of motion of the
point executing SHM is known as phase.
𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡
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6: What is meant by phase angle? Does it define angle between max displacement and
the driving force?
Ans: The angle 𝜃 which specifies the displacement as well as the direction of motion of the
point executing SHM is known as phase angle.
It does not define angle between maximum displacement and driving force. It is the
angle that the rotating radius makes with the reference direction.
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CH: 07 (Oscillations) I
7: If a mass spring system is hung vertically and set into oscillations, why does the
motion eventually stop?
Ans: If the mass spring system is hung vertically and set into oscillation, the motion
eventually stops due to friction and air resistance and some other damping forces.
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8: Does frequency depend on amplitude for harmonic oscillator?
Ans: Since
1 𝑘
𝑓 = 2𝜋 𝑚

1 𝑔
And 𝑓 = 2𝜋 ℓ

So the frequency of the oscillator is independent of the amplitude of oscillation.

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9: What is simple pendulum?
Ans: A simple pendulum consists of a mass m hanging from a string of length L and fixed
at a pivot point P. When displaced to an initial angle and released the pendulum will
swing back and forth with periodic motion.

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10: Can we realize an ideal simple pendulum?

Ans: No, we can’t realize an ideal simple pendulum. Because an ideal simple pendulum
should consist of a heavy but small metallic bob suspended from a frictionless rigid
support by means of long, weightless and inextensible string, and these conditions are
impossible to attain.
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11: What happens to the time period of simple pendulum, if its length is doubled?

𝑙
Ans: Since 𝑇 = 2𝜋 𝑔

2𝑙
𝑇′ = 2𝜋 𝑔

𝑙
𝑇 ′ = 2 2𝜋 = 2𝑇 = 1.41𝑇
𝑔

𝑇 ′ = 2𝑇
Or 𝑇 ′ = 1.41𝑇

So if the length of the simple pendulum is doubled, then its time period increase by 2 or
1.41 times of initial time period.

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CH: 07 (Oscillations) I
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12: What happens to the period of simple pendulum if the suspended mass is doubled?

Ans: Since
𝑙
𝑇 = 2𝜋 𝑔

Time period does not depend upon mass of the bob. So an increase in mass will not affect
the time period.
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13: Calculate the length of the simple pendulum which completes one vibration in one
second.
Ans: It is given that g = 9.8 𝑚𝑠 −2
T=1s
Since
𝑙
𝑇 = 2𝜋 𝑔
𝐼
𝑇 2 = 4𝜋 2 𝑔
𝑇2𝑔
𝐼=
4𝜋 2
1 2 (9.8)
I= = 0.248 𝑚 = 24.8 𝑐𝑚
4(3.14)2
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14: Show that in SHM the acceleration is zero when velocity is greatest and the
velocity is zero when acceleration is maximum.
Ans: In SHM
Velocity Acceleration
𝑉 = 𝜔 𝑥𝑜2 − 𝑥 2 𝑎 = − 𝜔2 𝑥
At mean Position (i-e x = 0)
𝑉 = 𝜔 𝑥𝑜2 − 02 𝑎 = − 𝜔2 (0)
𝑎=0
𝑉 = 𝜔 𝑥𝑜2
𝑎 = 0 (Minimum)
𝑉 = 𝜔 𝑥𝑜 (Maximum)
At extreme Position (i-e x = xo)
𝑉 = 𝜔 𝑥𝑜2 − 𝑥𝑜2 𝑎 = − 𝜔2 𝑥𝑜
(Maximum)
𝑉=𝜔 0
𝑉 = 0 (Minimum)

So in SHM when acceleration is maximum velocity is minimum and

Vice versa.

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CH: 07 (Oscillations) I
15: Describe free vibrations.

Ans: A body is said to be executing free vibrations when it oscillates without the
interference of an external force.
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16: What do you understand by forced vibrations? Explain with examples.
Ans: If an oscillating system is subjected to an external periodic force, then forced
vibrations will take place.
i) The vibrations of a factory floor caused by the running of heavy machinery is an
example of forced vibrations.
ii) The mass of a vibrating pendulum is struck repeatedly, the forced vibrations are
produced.
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17: Define resonance. Write its one example.
Ans: When the frequency of the applied force is equal to the natural frequency of simple
harmonic oscillator, the periodic amplitude of the motion may become extraordinary
large. This phenomenon is called resonance.
i) A swing is a good example of mechanical resonance.
ii) Tuning a radio is the example of electrical resonance.
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18: Briefly give two phenomena in which resonance plays an important role.
Ans: i) Tuning a radio, we turn the knob to make the natural frequency of the electric
circuit of receiver equal to the transmission frequency of the radio station. When the
two frequencies match, energy absorption is maximum and this is the only station we
hear.
ii) Food can be easily cooked in a microwave oven. The waves produced in this type of
over have a frequency of 2450 MHz At this frequency the waves are absorbed due to
resonance by water and fat molecules in the food.
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19: Why soldiers are advised to break their steps when marching on a bridge?
Ans: The column of soldiers, while marching on a bridge of long span is advised to break
their steps. Because their rhythmic march might set up oscillation of dangerously
large amplitude in the bridge structure.
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20: How cooking of food is possible in micro-wave oven?
Ans: Food can be easily cooked in a microwave over. The waves produced in this type
knob of oven have a frequency of 2450 MHz At this frequency the waves are
absorbed due to resonance by water and fat molecules in the food.
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CH: 07 (Oscillations) I
21: Write and explain electrical application of resonance.
Ans: Tuning of a radio is the best example of electrical resonance. When we turn the know
of a knob of a radio, to tune a station, we are changing the natural frequency of
electrical circuit of receiver, to make it equal to the transmission frequency of the
radio station. When the two frequencies match, energy absorption is maximum and
this is the only station we hear.
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22: What are the damped oscillations? Give some of its applications.
Ans: The oscillations in which the amplitude decreases steadily with time are called
damped oscillations.
For example
i) The shock absorber of a car
ii) Motion of any microscopic system
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23: In relation to SHM, Explain the equation:
i) 𝒚 = 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝎𝒕 + 𝝋) ii) 𝒂 = −𝝎𝟐 𝒙
Ans: 1) 𝑦 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑)

Here

y is the instantaneous displacement

A is the amplitude
𝜔𝑡 is the phase angle subtended in time t
𝜑 is the initial angle

2) 𝑎 = −𝜔2 𝑥

Here

a is the acceleration
𝜔 is the angular frequency
x is the instantaneous displacement
Negative sign shows the acceleration and displacement are in opposite direction.
24: Explain free and forces oscillations.
Ans: Free oscillations: A body is said to be executing free vibrations when it oscillates
without the interference of an external force.
Forced oscillations: If an oscillating system is subjected to an external periodic force,
then forced vibrations will take place.
i. The vibration of a factory floor caused by the running of heavy machinery is an
example of forced vibrations.
II. The mass of a vibrating pendulum is struck repeatedly, the forced vibrations are
produced.
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CH: 07 (Oscillations) I
25: Define angular displacement and write its S.l unit.
Ans: The angle, through which a particle moves in a certain interval of time, while moving
in a circle, is called its angular displacement.
𝒔
𝜽=𝒓
Its SI unit is radian.
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26: Describe some common phenomena in which resonance plays an important role.
Ans: Following are some common phenomena in which resonance plays an important role.
i) Tuning of a radio
It is a good example of electrical resonance. For tuning, we turn the knob of a radio
which changes the natural frequency of electrical circuit of receiver until it becomes
equal to the frequency of the transmitter. So resonance is produced and energy
absorption is maximum. Hence a station is tuned and we can hear the transmission of
desired station.
ii) Microwave oven
The waver produced in this type of over have a wavelength of 12cm at a frequency of
2450 MHz at this frequency the waves are absorbed due to resonance by water and fat
molecules in the food resulting in efficient and evenly heating and cooking of food.
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27: What are damped oscillations?
Ans: The oscillations in which the amplitude decreases steadily with time are called
damped oscillations.
For example
i) The shock absorber of a car
ii) Motion shock any microscopic system
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28: How the phenomenon of resonance is produced?
Ans: When the frequency of the applied force is equal to the natural frequency of simple
harmonic oscillator, the periodic amplitude of the motion may become extraordinary
large. This phenomenon is called resonance.
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29: In the relation to S.H.M explain the equation y = A sin (wt +∅).
Ans: This equation represents the displacement of simple harmonic oscillator as a function
of time, and also tells that displacement follows a sine curve i.e. varies harmonically.
`y’ is instanteous displacement, `A’ is the amplitude `𝜑′ is initial phase angle,
`(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑)′ is the phase angle made with reference direction and ` 𝜔𝑡′is the angle
subtended in time `t’ with angular frequency `𝜔′ starting from initial phase `𝜑′
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CH: 07 (Oscillations) I
30: Why the amplitude of lead bob is greater than pith ball as the bobs having equal
size and length set into vibration?
Ans: It is because the mass of lead bob is greater than the very light pith ball, so lead bob
can travel to greater extent in air against the resistive and retarding forces. Lead bob
has greater inertia.
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31: Define driven harmonic oscillation and damped oscillations.
Ans: Damped oscillation: The oscillations in which the amplitude decreases steadily with
time are called damped oscillations.
Driven harmonic oscillator: The physical system undergoing forced vibrations is
known as driven harmonic oscillator.

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32: Differentiate between damped oscillation and un-damped oscillations.

Ans: Damped oscillations: The oscillations in which the amplitude decreases steadily with
time are called damped oscillations.
For example, shock absorber of a car motion of any microscopic system.
Undamped oscillations: The oscillation in which the amplitude remains same with
time is called undamped oscillations
For example, oscillations in an ideal simple pendulum.
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33: Define phase angle with diagram.
Ans: The angle which gives the displacement as well
as direction of motion of point executing SHM is called
Phase angle. Thus, it determines the state of motion of
Vibrating point.
In the figure 𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡 is phase angle.
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34: What is the driven harmonic oscillator?
Ans: The physical system undergoing forced vibrations is known as driven harmonic
oscillator.
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35: Does the acceleration of a simple harmonic oscillator remain constant during the
motion? Is the acceleration ever zero? Explain briefly.
Ans: No, it does not remain constant. The acceleration of a body executing SHM is,
a = - 𝜔2 𝑥
Where x is the displacement from the mean position and a is acceleration which varies
directly with x. As x changes during a SHM, its acceleration does not remain
constant. The acceleration becomes zero at mean position and becomes maximum at
extreme position.
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CH: 07 (Oscillations) I
36: State Hook’s law. Write it in mathematical form.
Ans: It states that within elastic limit the applied force is directly proportional to the
displacement. Mathematically,
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37: Explain relation between total energy, potential energy and kinetic energy for a
body oscillating with SHM.
Ans: For a body executing SHM, total energy is the sum of K.E and P.E which remains
conserved during the motion in the absence of frictional forces, that K.E and P.E are
interchanged continuously from one form to another. At mean position, that energy is
totally kinetic i.e K.E is maximum but P.E. = 0. At extreme positions, the K.E is
completely changed into P.E. In between, It is partly K.E and partially P.E.
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38: Define (a) resonance (b) damping

Ans: Resonance When the frequency of the applied force is equal to the natural frequency
of simple harmonic oscillator, the periodic amplitude of the motion may become
extraordinary large. This phenomenon is called resonance.
Damping: The oscillations in which the amplitude decreases steadily with time are
called damped oscillations and this phenomenon is called damping.
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39: What happens to the period of a simple pendulum if its length is doubled? What
happens if the suspended mass is doubled?
Ans: The time period of a simple pendulum is,
𝑙
𝑇 = 2𝜋 when 𝑙 = 2𝑙
𝑔

2𝑙
𝑇′ = 2𝜋 𝑔

𝑙
𝑇 ′ = 2 2𝜋 = 2𝑇 = 1.41𝑇
𝑔

𝑇 ′ = 2𝑇
Or 𝑇 ′ = 1.41𝑇

So if the length of the simple pendulum is doubled, then its time period increase by
2 or 1.41 times of initial time period.
Whereas if mass is doubled, T remains same because T of simple pendulum is
independent of mass as it is clear in above relation.
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