Kurdistan regional government

Duhok Polytechnic University

Technical college of Engineering
Highway and Bridge Engineering
GRADUATION
PROJECT
The effect of Glass Powder, Limestone Dust and Cement
on the Compaction Characteristics of Clay Soil
Prepared by :
Baha Abdullah Hassan Supervisor
Ahmed Farhad Salih Warjin Mohamed Rashid Mr. Shevan Abdullah Taher
Adar Haje Sulaiman Zaman Mohamed Amin
Njiar Jalal Hussain Karzan RebarMohamed

AD 2021-2022 2721-2722
16KUR
May 2022 1

Introduction
● Stabilization is the process of blending and mixing materials with a soil to
improve the properties of the soil onsite. The soil stabilization includes botphysical
stabilization and chemical stabilization.
● Due to soil’s poor mechanical properties, it is a challenge for the engineers to
improve its properties depending upon the requirement.
● In general, the engineering properties of clayey materials were improved by using
waste material as stabilizer.

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 Aims And
●
Objective:
To know the effect of glass powder, Limestone Dust and cement on the
mechanical properties of clay soil
● To upgrade the Geotechnical parameters of soil by including the
admixture.
● Re-cycling the waste materials.
● Connecting the academic year subjects.

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Materials
Soil
The first material that was used in carrying out this
study was clay soil.The soilsample was provided
from the zakho district (Girsheen), Northern Iraq.
Clay soilformations Clay minerals are typically
formed over long periods of time by the gradual
chemical weathering of rocks

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Powdered glass stabilization
This involves the addition of broken glass
powder to soil so as to improve its
engineering performance. Glass is totally inert
and therefore non-biodegradable. It
degrades in a manner similar to natural rock. As
an inert construction material, it
can increase the strength of various road building
elements.

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Limestone pawder
The additive used in this research was
limestone powder waste, obtained from a
dumpsite of a natural stone industry from
cutting and polishing works. This
additive is mainly composed of carbonates
(CaCO3 and CaMg(CO3)2)... Lime is
produced when limestone is subjected to
extreme heat, changing calcium
carbonate to calcium oxide In construction,
the dominant use of lime is in soil
stabilization for roads, earthen dams,
airfields,
16 May 2022and building foundations. 6
Cement
A cement is a binder, a substance used for
construction that sets, hardens, and
adheres to other materials to bind them together.
Cement is seldom used on its
own, but rather to bind sand and gravel (aggregate)
together. Cement mixed with
fine aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with
sand and gravel, produces concrete.

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Method
Particle size distribution analysis – Sieve Analysis

This test utilizes the Mechanical Sieve

Shaker to find the gradation of the soil to
be tested, in order to better-understand the
soil that’s being used for different
purposes. In this test, a set of 8 sieves and a
pan are used, arranged vertically from
the sieve with the widest opening to the
narrowest

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 Natural moisture content
This test was used to determine the amount of moisture
content present in the soil
as a percentage of its dry mass. The empty can be
weighed to the nearest 0.1 g
(and represented as M1) after which a considerable
amount of wet sample was
placed therein and weighed (represented as M2).
Thereafter, it was placed into the
oven to dry for 24 hours, removed and weighed
(represented as M3). The moisture
content (MC) was calculated as a percentage of dry
soil mass by using Eq. (1).

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Compaction test
This test determines the maximum
(practical) dry density (γ-max) and
optimum moisture content (W opt) of
the soil with and without additives. The
results are subsequently used in the
preparation of CBR specimens.
Compaction tests provide important
information about the soil quality at a
site
which can be used to determine the most
favorable building sites, the
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maximum load the soil can withstand
Results and discussion
The Clay soil was mixed with different percentages of powdered glass,
limestone
Dust and Cement (3 %, 6% and 9% by dry weight of the soil) for all laboratory
tests. Table 3 gives a summary of the testing results for untreated and treated
soil
with various percentages of powdered glass, limestone Dust and Cement that
obtained in the this research.

The results of MDD and MC for normal soil

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The results of MC for various % of powdered glass, limestone Dust and Cement

The results of MDD for various % of powdered glass, limestone Dust and Cement

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 Compaction test.
Maximum dry density.
This table summarizes the compaction test results for the clay soil with and
without the powdered glass, Limestone Dust and Cement These results when
compared showed that the addition of these additives at varying quantities has a
positive effect on the soil, as they all improve the dry density of this selective
clay soil. However, the best result was obtained at 9% for Cement, 3% for
Powdered Glass and 6% for Limestone Dust .

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Graph.

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Optimum Moisture Content.

explains another part of compaction test for the clay soil with and
without the powdered glass, Limestone Dust and Cement. These results when
compared showed that the addition of these additives at varying quantities has a
positive effect on the soil, as they all improve the optimum moisture content of
this selective clay soil. However, the best result was obtained at 0% for Cement
and 6% for Powdered Glass and 3% for Limestone Dust

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Graph.

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Particle size distribution

The result of Particle size distribution analysis

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Conclusion and Recommendations

In this study, the effect of Glass Powder, Limestone Dust and Cement on the Compaction Characteristics
of Clay Soil were investigated, the following conclusions were drawn:
For Maximum Dry Density
The Maximum Dry Density value increases with increasing the percentage of Cement From 14.1 KN/m3
to 15.4 KN/m3 with 0% to 9% of additives,
For Glass Powder the Maximum Dry Density increase from 14.1 KN/m3to 14.65 KN/m3 until 3% hence it
decreases with increasing the percentage of Glass Powder
For the Optimum Moisture Content
The value of Optimum Moisture Content decreases with increasing the percentage of Cement
For Glass Powder the Optimum Moisture Content decreases until 3% then it increases with increasing
the percentage of Glass Powder until 6% hence it decreases again

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