© Experiment No. 01 AIM: To perform multi operational job (facing, centering, turning, knurling, threading, grooving, chamfering ete) on lathe machine. MATERIAL REQUIRED: Mild steel round bar size. APPARATUS USED: Lathe machine, vernier caliper, drill chuck, centre drill, single point cutting tool, knurling tool, parting tool, chalk ete, THEORY: Lathe Machine: Lathe is a machine, which removes the metal from a piece of work to the required shape and size. Lathe is one of the most important machine tools in the metal working industry. A lathe operates on the principle of a rotating work piece and a fixed cutting tool. The cutting tool is feed into the work piece, which rotates about its own axis causing the work piece to be formed to the desired shape. Lathe machine is also known as “the mother/father of the entire tool family”. Function of lathe machine: Lathe is to remove excess material in the form of chips by rotating the work piece against a stationary cutting tool. ‘+ Itholds the work between two supports called centers. * Chuck or Face plate is also used for holding the work. * Chuck or face plate is mounted on machine spindle. + Cutting tool is held and supported on a tool post ‘+ Movement of the job is rotation about spindle axis. * Tool is fed against the revolving work. * Movement of the tool is either parallel to or at any inelination to the work axis. Parts of lathe machine: Lathe Machine is also known as “Centre Lathe”, because it has two centres between which the job can be held and rotated, The main parts of centre lathe are: Bed, Head stock, Tail stock, Carriage, ete are as shown in figure 1. Specifications of lathe: 1. Height of centers 2. Type of bed (straight, semi gap, or gap) 3. Center distance 4, Swing over bed 5. Swing over cross slide 6. Swing in gap 7. Gap in front of face place 8. Spindle speeds range 9. Spindle nose 10. Spindle bore 11. Taper nose 12, Mettic thread piches13, Lead serew pitch 14, Longitudinal feeds 15, Cross feeds 16. Cross slide travel 17. Top slide travel 18, Tool section 19. Tailstock sleeve travel 20. Taper in sleeve bore 21. Motor horsepower and RPM 22. Shipping dimensions: length*width*height*weight 1 Head Stock 5 Saddle With CrossSlide 9 Feed Shaft 2 Chuck Pate 6 TallStock 10 Norton Gear Box 3. Tool Post 7 Lead Screw Ml Try 4 Compoundstide 8 Apron 12 Side Cover Figure 1. Main Parts of Lathe Machine ‘Types of lathes: 1. Engine lathe or center lathe: It is most common type of lathe and is widely used in workshop. The speed of the spindle can be widely varied as desired which is not possible in a speed lathe.5. 6. cA Bench lathe: Small lathe which can mounted on the work bench. It is used to make small precision and light jobs. Speed lathe: It is named because of the very high speed of the head stock spindle. It consists head stock, a tail stock and tool post. It has no gear box. It is applicable in ‘wood turning, metal spinning and operations. Tool room lathe: It is similar to an engine lathe, designed for obtaining accuracy. It is used for manufacturing precision components, dies, tools, jigs etc. and hence it is, called as tool room lathe. Special purpose lathes: Gap lathe, Instrument lathe, Facing lathe, Flow turning lathe, Heavy duty lathe Automatic lathe: A lathe in which the work piece is automatically fed without use of an operator. It requires very less attention after the setup has been made and the machine loaded. Turret lathe: Turret lathe is the adaptation of the engine lathe where the tail stock is replaced by a turret slide(cylindrical or hexagonal).Tool post of the engine lathe is replaced by a cross slide which can hold number of tools. Capstan lathe: These are si fixed but moves on an auxil parts. ilar to turrent lathe with the difference that turret is not ry slide. These are used for fast production of small Operations perform on lathe machine: 1 2 3. 10. Chamfering: Beveling sharp machined edges, Si Turning: to remove material from the outside diameter of a work piece to obtain a finished surface. Facing: to produce a flat surface at the end of the workpiece or for making face grooves. Boring: to enlarge a hole or cylindrical cavity made by a previous process or to produce circular internal grooves. Drilling: to produce a hole on the work piece. Reaming: to finishing the drilled hole. ‘Threading: to produce external or internal threads on the work piece. Knurling: to produce a regularly shaped roughness on the work piece. Grooving: Produces a Groove on work piece, Shape of groove carried out using Grooving Tool, A form tool also called form turning. Parting: Cutting work piece into two parts. It is similar to grooving. Parting tool rides over at slow feed, coolant use. lar to form turing, Chamfering tool ~ 45°, To avoid sharp edges, Make assembly easier, Improve aesthetics ofvat guooving er Facing © Face a, ai. 6F Thncetn _ Figure 2. Operation perform on lathe machine Procedure: Hold the bar in a three jaw chuck and face the end with a right hand facing tool. Make central hole with a center drill. Repeat these operations for the other end of the bar. Hold the live centre in three jaw chuck and hold the job in a dog carrier between centers. ‘Tum the bar to the required diameter with rough cuts. Face the steps and finishes the diameters to the required sizes. Machine the roots and the groove with form tools. Machine the taper with the help of the cross-slide swiveling arrangement. Groove the length as per given dimension. Cut the threads. Observations: (a) Measure all dimensions (up to second decimal place) on the specimen tumed by your group. Make a neat sketch and indicate all measured dimensions. (b) Discuss briefly how tapered portion was tured. Result: Job as per drawing is obtained.