2nd Chapter

India’s Maritime Engagement:

Prospective & Problem Statement

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 National Maritime Day?
2010-2020 is India’s Maritime Decade
What do they mean?

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 Walchand
Hirachand Doshi

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 Walchand
Hirachand Doshi -
Maharashtrian
Industrialist,

 Walchand finally bought SS Loyalty from

the Maharaja of Scindia for Rs. 25 Lakh
(Aprox. US$ 36,000/ $ Current Price).

 Along with his Swadeshi friends- Norattom

Morajee, Lallubhai Samaldas, and Kilachand
Devchand----

 The Scindia Steam Navigation Company’

was floated

 Shipping company listed on the Bombay

Stock Exchange on 27th March 1919
SS Loyalty set sail to London on April 5, 1919
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Prominent Facts on SS Loyaty
 SS Loyalty carried 700 passengers & cargo.

 Prominent passengers included Maharaja of Kapurthala

and his wife and Maharaja of Kashmir.

 Although she made a successful trip to London, the British

officials ensured she sailed back empty without any cargo
so that the company would incur heavy losses.
1964 Onwards
 In spite of Financial loss to Scindia Steam Navigation India Celebrates
Company - the Indian Shipping industry was born.
April 5th as the
 SS Loyalty led to the establishment of the Shipping National
Corporation of India (SCI). Maritime Day

 This historical ship was finally dismantled in 1923 and sold

at only Rs. 1.35 Lakh
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
India’s Earliest Maritime Trade Route

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Indo-Roman Trade Relation

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Roman trade with India according to the Periplus Maris
Erythraei (1st century CE). India’s Maritime Past

"George Tsiagalakis / CC-BY-SA-4 licence"

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Chola territories during Rajendra Chola I, c. 1030 CE.

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Path of Vasco da Gama's course to India (black), the first to go around Africa. Voyages of Pêro da
Covilhã (orange) and Afonso de Paiva (blue) are also shown with common routes marked in
green.

Vasco Da Gama’s Sea Voyage & Route to India

Source: https://pazhayathu.blogspot.com/2013/05/chennai-who-was-vasco-da-
gama.html

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

What is the Problem Statement?

Why read Maritime Studies & Blue

Economy?

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Boat Festival Tradition

Mausam is the
New Maritime
Vision for India

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Sagarmala is India’s
Maritime Revolution Today

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Sagarmala & India’s Maritime Awakening

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Negotiating Global Maritime
Contestations

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 Problem Statement Two

China’s Naval Nationalism &

hexiao kongda’

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 Chinese Proposed Port
Facilities
Ports Country
Chongjin Port - North Korea
Moresby Port - P. New Guinea
Sihanoukville Port - Cambodia
Koh Lanta Port- Thailand
Sittwe Port - Myanmar
Dhaka Port - Bangladesh
Gwadar Port - Pakistan
Hambantota Port - Sri Lanka
Maldives,- Maldives
Seychelles, - Seychelles
Djibouti Port - Djibouti
Mombasa Port - Kenya
Lagos Port- Nigeria
Dar es Salaam Port - Tanzania
Luanda Port- Angola

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 OBOR
or BRI

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Maritime Reimaging
Problem Statement Three
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
While the global
maritime
narrative has
shifted
demanding
much greater
role for India, if
we do not rise
up, it will be the
lost case for
India for ever.
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Problem Statement Four

Indo-Pacific Region Major Power

Players

USA ASEAN

South
China India Japan Korea Australia

Number of other small & big powers also do share

stakeholder ship in this maritime space
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Malabar , QUAD & Such Instruments are India’s
Emerging Maritime Security Architecture
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
124 Total S. Korea
Ports
74

Japan Problem
878 Ports Statement
Five
China
156
Ports
Economic
Growth through
Maritime
Infrastructure

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 July 14-10th September
(last 55 Days Traffic)
450000
400000 Share of Vessel Traffic by Country
passenger
350000
cargo
300000
tanker
250000
pleasureCraft
200000 fishing
150000 tug
100000 other

50000
0

Country

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Why are we so expensive?
Comparative EXPORT COST Analysis ( US$ PER CONTAINER)

YEAR CHINA HONG SINGAPORE MALAYSIA U.S.A. S.KOREA GERMANY SPAIN INDIA
KONG
2005 390 425 416 432 960 780 740 1000 864
2006 390 525 416 432 960 780 740 1000 864
2007 390 525 416 432 960 745 740 1000 820
2008 460 625 456 450 990 767 822 1121 945
2009 500 625 456 450 1050 742 872 1221 945
2010 500 625 456 450 1050 790 872 1221 1055
2011 500 575 456 450 1050 680 872 1221 1095
2012 580 575 456 435 1090 665 872 1261 1120
SOURCE: WORLD BANK, 2012 ;databank.worlbank.org

Unfriendly Transport Costing is a

business deterrent
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Oldest Maritime Narrative
Byblos Port, Lebanon- the oldest port in
the world, is more than 5000 years old

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Lothal Gujarat, India’s Maritime Past

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Goa Maritime Dialogue Series

08th June 2016 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csNzv9lEBko

th
04 August 2016- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXo9cBImhe
23rd February2017- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWFGrzQSPGE&feature
31st March 2017- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWtjzQsPWzc
th
12 September 2017- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISq2tpZg2dA

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Thank You

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 India’s Modern Maritime Beginning

 The British East India Company shipped substantial

quantities of spices during the early 17th century.

 In 1830 ships of the British East India Company were

designated as the Indian navy.

The National Maritime  However, in 1863, it was disbanded and Britain's

Day is observed every Royal Navy took control of the Indian Ocean.
year on 5th April to
 About 30 years later, the few small Indian naval units
commemorate the were called the Royal Indian Marine (RIM).
maiden voyage of the
first Indian owned ship  In the wake of WWI, Britain, exhausted in manpower
and resources, opted for expansion of the RIM.
“SS Loyalty” sail...
 Consequently, on 2 October 1934, the RIM was
reincarnated as the Royal Indian Navy (RIN).

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

India’s Shipbuilding Sector

 Shipbuilding was a well-

established craft at numerous Lowji Nuserwanji
points along the Indian coastline Wadia & Family has
long before the arrival of the
Europeans . built more than 60
Ships between 1736
 It was a significant factor in the to 1780s
high level of Indian maritime
activity in the Indian Ocean
Region (IOR).
Today Indian
 Arrival of European powers &
competition there after Shipbuilding Industry
weakened/ caused damage to
India’s Shipping sector.
needs to be revamped.
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
  The shipbuilders at the Bombay
 Indian Shipbuilders Dockyard built ships like HMS Hindostan
however, continued to
(1795)
build ships capable of
carrying 800- 1000 tons
 HMS Ceylon 1808. Both were inducted
DWT.
into Royal Navy

 Historian David Arnold Prominent Ships included –

provides an early account
of Indian shipbuilders  HMS Asia-1824 Commanded by Edward
during the British RaJ. Codrington / The Frigate HMS Cornwalis-
1813 & HMS Minden etc.
As with cotton textiles, European trade was initially a stimulus to Indian
shipbuilding: vessels built in ports like Masulipatam and Surat from Indian
hardwoods by local craftsmen were cheaper and tougher than their European
counterparts. Sashi Tharoor provides a good account on the theme.
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
 The Treaty of Nanking was signed in 1842 onboard HMS
Cornwallis made by shipbuilders at the Bombay Dockyard.
The Treaty of Nanking
(Nanjing)

 Peace Treaty which

ended the First
Opium War (1839–
42) between the
United Kingdom and
the Qing dynasty of
China on 29 August
1842.

 It was the first of

what the Chinese
later called the
unequal treaties.

Painted by Captain John Platt, Bengal Volunteers. Engraved by John Burnet http://dl.lib.brown.edu/catalog
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
The model of the Chola ship, rebuild by the ASI.
Seen in the Naval Museum in Tirunelveli.

Model of a
Chola (200—
848 CE) ship's
hull, built by
the ASI, based
on a wreck 19
miles off the
coast of
Poombuhar,
displayed in a
Museum in
Tirunelveli.

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Image of Calicut, India from Georg Braun and Frans
Hogenberg's atlas Civitates orbis terrarum, 1572.

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Port of Kollom: Port of Quilon established in
the year AD.825

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

Indian ship on lead coin of Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi, testimony to the naval,
seafaring and trading capabilities of the Satavahanas during the 1st–2nd century
CE.

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus