CHAPTER II

PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA

INTRODUCTION
The present study is about the organization and working of Panchayati Raj Institutions in
Tiruvallur District. For proper understanding and analysis of the study, an understanding of the
area in which it is set is quite necessary. Therefore, an attempt has been made to explain the area
profile of Tiruvallur District in this Chapter.Tamil Nadu is situated on the South Eastern side of
the Indian Peninsula. It is bounded on the East by the Bay of Bengal, in South through the Indian
Ocean, in the West via the States of Kerala, Karnataka and in the North by Karnataka and
Andhra Pradesh.Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest State in India. It is bounded on the East by
the Bay of Bengal, on the South by the Indian Ocean, on the West by Kerala and Karnataka and
on the North by Andhrapradesh. It is located in North liberty among 8.5’ and 13.35’ and East
Longitude between 76 .15’ and 80.20’. It has an area of 1, 30,058 sq.kms. 1There are 30 Districts
in Tamil Nadu. Tiruvallur is one of the Districts of Tamil Nadu. The pictorial representation of
Tiruvallur District.
HISTORY OF THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT
Tiruvallur was originally known as Tiruvallur which specifies the sleeping position of the holy
lord "Balaji", in the Veeraragava temple of Tiruvallur. Afterward communities begin to submit it
by names such as Trivellore and Tiruvallur. Today Tiruvallur is well known, one of the reasons
being the Veeraragava Temple. The original moon day is very promising day for the Lord and so
for the nation of the town. The district of Tiruvallur has been imprinted out by bifurcating
previous Chengalpattu district (which was renamed as Chengalpattu-MGR/Kancheepuram at the
time of 1991 Census). According to the said division Tiruvallur revenue division which
incorporated Tiruvallur, Tiruttanitaluks and Uthukkottai and Pallipattu sub-taluks alienated from
Chengalpattu district along with Ponneri and Gummindipoonditaluks of Saidapet revenue
division and shaped this new district. At present this district is comprised of nine Taluks namely
Ambattur,Gummindipoondi, Ponneri, Uthukkottai, Tiruvallur, Poonamallee, Tiruttani, Pallipattu
and Madhavaram.In the far past, this region was under a chain of regimes commencing from the
Pallavas during the 7th century ending with the Nawab of Arcot during the early part of 19th

1 Manorama Year Book, 2001, Malaya Manorama Co. Ltd. Kottayam, pp. 676-77
century when it came under the British rule. In 1687, the Golkonda rulers were overcome and the
region came under the Moghul emperors of Delhi. The towns and villages of this region were the
scene of Carnatic wars. Battles are said to include been fought in this region during the move
aggressively for ascendancy between the English and French. The town of Pulicat was the
earliest Dutch ownership in India founded in 1609 which was ceded to the British in 1825. With
this, the region came under the British rule which ended on the 15th August, 1947 with India
suitable independent.
Map Tiruvallur District Blocks Map

Tiruvallur District Taluks Map

TIRUVALLUR DISTRICT ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
The details relating to the Administrative Structure of Tiruvallur District provided in the above
table indicate that there are fourteen Blocks in Tiruvallur District. They are Ellapuram Block,
Gummidipoondi Block, Kadambatur Block, Minjur Block, Pallipet Block, Poonamallee Block,
Poondi Block, Puzhai Block, R.K.Pet Block, Solavaram Block, Thiruvalangadu Block, Tiruttani
Block, Tiruvallur Block and Villivakkam Block. There are 12 Municipalities in Tiruvallur
District. They are Ambattur Municipality, Avadi Municipality, Madhavaram Municipality,
Tiruvallur Municipality, Tiruvottiyur Municipality, Kathivakkam Municipality, Madhuravoyal
Municipality, Manali Municipality, Poonamallee Municipality, Tiruttani Municipality,
Tiruverkadu Municipality and Valasaravakkam Municipality. They are thirteen Town
Panchayats in Tiruvallur District. They are Arani Town Panchayat, ChinnaSekkadu Town
Panchayat, Gummidipoondi Town Panchayat, Minjur Town Panchayat, Naravarikuppam Town
Panchayat, Pallipet Town Panchayat, Poneri Town Panchayat, Porur Town Panchayat,
Pothatturpettai Town Panchayat, Puzhal Town Panchayat, Thirmazhisai Town Panchayat,
Thirunindravur Town Panchayat and Uthukottai Town Panchayat.
 Tiruvallur District

14 Blocks 12 Municipalities 13 Town Panchayats

Villivakkam Tiruvallur Chinnesekadu

Puzhal Avadi Minjur
Sholavaram Ambattur Narvarikuppam
Minjur Madhavaram Ponneri
Gumidipoondi Kutivakkam Porur
Ellapuram Thiruvotriyur Puzhal
Poondi Tiruttani Thiruninravur
Tiruvallur Poonamalle Uthukottai
Poonamallee Thiruverkadu Arani
Kadambathur Maduravayol Gummidipoondi
Thiruvalangadu Valasarawakkam Pallipet
Tiruttani Manali Pudhatturpet
Pallipet Thirumazhisai
R.K.Pet

NUMBER OF VILLAGE PANCHAYATS IN TIRUVALLUR DISTRICT

The details relating to the number of Village Panchayats in 14 Blocks are provided in table 3.1
Table 3.1
Number of Village Panchayats in Tiruvallur District
Sl.No Number of Village
Name of the Block Panchayat
. Panchayats
1 Villivakkam Block 17
2 Puzhal Block 15
3 Minjur Block 56
4 Sholavaram Block 39
5 Gummidipoondi Block 61
6 Tiruvalangadu Block 42
7 Tiruttani Block 27
8 Pallipet Block 33
9 R.K. Pet Block 38
10 Tiruvallur Block 38
11 Poondi Block 49
12 Kadambathur Block 43
13 Ellapuram Block 53
14 Poonamallee Block 28
Total 539
The details relating to the number of Village Panchayats in 14 Blocks provided in the above table
indicate that there are 17 Village Panchayats in Villivakkam Block, 15 Village Panchayats in
Puzhal Block, 56 Village Panchayats in Minjur Block, 39 Village Panchayats in Sholavaram
Block, 61 Village Panchayats in Gummidipoondi Block, 42 Village Panchayats in Tiruvalangadu
Block, 27 Village Panchayats in Tiruttani Block, 33 Village Panchayats in Pallipet Block, 38
Village Panchayats in R.K. Pet Block, 38 Village Panchayats in Tiruvallur Block, 49 Village
Panchayats in Poondi Block, 43 Village Panchayats in Kadambathur Block, 53 Village
Panchayats in Ellapuram Block and 28 Village Panchayats in Poonamallee Block.
PARLIAMENT CONSTITUENCIES
The details relating to the Parliament Constituencies of Tiruvallur District are provided in table
Table 3.2
Parliament Constituencies
Sl. No. Name of the Parliament Constituency
1. Tiruvallur (SC)
2. Arakkonam
3. North Chennai
4. Sriperumbadur

The details relating to the Parliament Constituencies of Tiruvallur District provided in the above
table indicate that there are four Parliament Constituencies in Tiruvallur District. They are
Tiruvallur Constituency, Arakkonam Constituency, North Chennai Constituency and
Sriperumbadur Constituency.
ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES
The details relating to the Assembly Constituencies of Tiruvallur District are provided in table
3.3
 Table 3.3
Assembly Constituencies
Sl.No. Name of the Assembly Constituency
1. Gummidipoondi
2. Ponneri
3. Tiruttani
4. Tiruvallur
5. Poonamallee
6. Avadi
7. Maduravoyal
8. Ambattur
9. Madavaram
10. Thiruvottiyur

The details relating to the Assembly Constituencies of Tiruvallur District provided in the above
table indicate that there are ten Assembly Constituencies in Tiruvallur District. They are
Gummidipoondi Assembly Constituency, Ponneri Assembly Constituency, Tiruttani Assembly
Constituency, Tiruvallur Assembly Constituency, Poonamallee Assembly Constituency, Avadi
Assembly Constituency, Maduravoyal Assembly Constituency, Ambattur Assembly
Constituency, Madavaram Assembly Constituency and Thiruvottiyur Assembly Constituency.
REVENUE ADMINISTRATION DIVISIONS
The details relating to the number of Revenue Administrative Divisions in
Tiruvallur District are provided in table 3.4
 Revenue Administration Divisions

Table 3.4
Revenue Administration Divisions
Sl.No Name of the Revenue Administrative Division
.
1. Ponneri
2. Tiruttani
3. Tiruvallur

The details relating to the number of Revenue Administrative Divisions in Tiruvallur District
provided in the above table indicate that there are three Revenue Administrative Divisions in
Tiruvallur District. They are Ponneri Revenue Administrative Division, Tituttani Revenue
Administrative Division and Tiruvallur Revenue Administrative Division.
REVENUE TALUKS
The details relating to the number of Revenue Taluks in Tiruvalur district are
provided in table 3.5
 Table 3.5
Revenue Taluks
Sl.No Name of the Revenue Taluk
.
1. Ambattur
2. Gummidipoondi
3. Pallipet
4. Ponnamallee
5. Ponneri
6. Tiruttani
7. Tiruvallur
8. Uthukottai
9. Madhavaram
The details relating to the number of Revenue Taluks in Tiruvalur district provided in the above
table indicate that there are nine Revenue Taluks in Tiruvallur District. They are Ambattur
Revenue Taluk, Gummidipoondi Revenue Taluk, Pallipet Revenue Taluk, Ponnamallee Revenue
Taluk, Ponneri Revenue Taluk, Tiruttani Revenue Taluk, Tiruvallur Revenue Taluk, Uthukottai
Revenue Taluk and Madhavaram Revenue Taluk.
Population
The details relating to the population of Tiruvallur District according to 2001 Census are
provided in table 3.6
Table 3.6
Population
Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total
.
1. Rural Population 6,29,052 6,25,622 12,54,674
2. Urban Population 7,68,355 7,31,727 15,00,082
3. Total Population 13,97,407 13,57,349 27,54,756

The details relating to the population of Tiruvallur District according to 2001

Census provided in the above table indicate that total rural population is 12, 54,674. Among
them total rural male population is 6, 29,052 and total rural female population is 6, 25,622. Total
urban population is 15, 00,082. Among them total urban male population is 7, 68,355 and urban
female population is 7, 31,727. Total population is 27, 54,756. Among them total male
population is 13, 97,407 and total female population is 13, 57,349.2

2 Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.

HOUSEHOLDS
The details relating to the households in Tiruvallur District according to 2001 Census are
provided in table 3.7
Table 3.7
Households
Sl.No Particulars Details
.
1. Rural Households 2,89,593
2. Urban Households 3,43,440
3. Total Households 6,33,033

The details relating to the households in Tiruvallur District reveal that the total number of
households is 6, 33,033. Among them the total rural households are 2, 89,593 and the total urban
households are 3, 43,440.3
CHILD POPULATION (0 TO 6 YEARS)
The details relating to the Child population of Tiruvallur District are provided in table 3.8
Table 3.8
Child Population (0 to 6 Years)
Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 80,920 77,655 1,58,575 14.47 960
2. Urban Population 87,556 83,630 1,71,186 12.88 955
3. Population 1,68,476 1,61,285 3,29,761 13.6 957

The details relating to the Child population of Tiruvallur District provided in the above table
indicate that the total rural child population is 1, 58,575. Among them the total rural male child
population is 80,920, total rural female child population is 77,655, total rural child population
percentage is 14.47 and total rural child male-female sex ratio is 960. Total urban child
population is 1, 71,186. Among them the total urban male child population is 87,556, total urban
female child population is 83,630, total urban child population percentage is 12.88 and total
urban child male-female sex ratio is 955. Total child population is 3, 29,761. Among them the
total male child population is 1, 68,476, total female child population is 1, 61,285, total child
population percentage is 13.6 and total child male-female sex ratio is 957.4

3 Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.

4 Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
SCHEDULED CASTE POPULATION
The details relating to the Scheduled Caste population of Tiruvallur District are provided in table
3.9
Table 3.9
Scheduled Caste Population
Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 2,00,050 2,00,446 4,00,496 36.54 1,002
2. Urban Population 1,01,266 99,096 2,00,362 15.08 979
3. Population 3,01,316 2,99,542 6,00,858 24.78 994

The details relating to the Scheduled Caste population of Tiruvallur District provided in the
above table indicate that the total rural Scheduled Caste population is 4, 00,496. Among them the
total rural male Scheduled Caste population is 2, 00,050, total rural female Scheduled Caste
population is 2,00,446, total rural Scheduled Caste population percentage is 36.54 and total rural
Scheduled Caste population male-female sex ratio is 1002. Total urban Scheduled Caste
population is 2, 00,362. Among them the total urban male Scheduled Caste population is 1,
01,266, total urban female Scheduled Caste population is 99,096, total urban Scheduled Caste
population percentage is 15.08 and total urban Scheduled Caste population male-female sex ratio
is 979. Total Scheduled Caste population is 6, 00,858. Among them the total male Scheduled
Caste population is 3, 01,316, total female Scheduled Caste population is 2,99,542, total
Scheduled Caste population percentage is 24.78 and total Scheduled Caste population male-
female sex ratio is 994.5
SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION
The details relating to the Scheduled Tribe population of Tiruvallur District are provided in table
2.6.

Table 3.10
Scheduled Tribe Population

5 Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.

 Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 14,466 14,419 28,885 2.64 997
2. Urban Population 4,414 4,559 8,973 0.68 1,033
3. Population 18,880 18,978 37,858 1.56 1,005

The details relating to the Scheduled Tribe population of Tiruvallur District provided in the
above table indicate that the total rural Scheduled Tribe population is 28,885. Among them the
total rural male Scheduled Tribe population is 14,466, total rural female Scheduled Tribe
population is 14,419, total rural Scheduled Tribes population percentage is 2.64 and total rural
Scheduled Tribe population male-female sex ratio is 997. Total urban Scheduled Tribe
population is 8,973. Among them the total urban male Scheduled Tribe population is 4,414, total
urban female Scheduled Tribe population is 4,559, total urban Scheduled Tribe population
percentage is 0.68 and total urban Scheduled Tribe population male-female sex ratio is 1,033.
Total Scheduled Tribe population is 37,858. Among them the total male Scheduled Tribe
population is 18,880, total female Scheduled Tribe population is 18,978, total Scheduled Tribe
population percentage is 1.56 and total Scheduled Tribe population male-female sex ratio is
1,005.6
LITERATES
The details relating to the Literates of Tiruvallur District are provided in table 3.11.
Table 3.11
Literates
Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 4,27,393 3,08,981 7,36,374 67.18 723
2. Urban Population 11,29,33
6,20,370 5,08,963 84.98 820
3
3. Population 10,47,76 18,65,70
8,17,944 76.94 781
3 7

The details relating to the Literates of Tiruvallur District provided in the above table indicate that
the total rural Literates are 7, 36,374. Among them the total rural male Literates are 4, 27,393,
total rural female Literates are 3,08,981, total rural Literates percentage is 67.18 and total rural
Literates male-female sex ratio is 723. Total urban Literates are 11, 29,333. Among them the
total urban male Literates are 6, 20,370, total urban female Literates are 5,08,963, total urban
6 Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
Literates percentage is 84.98 and total urban Literates male-female sex ratio is 820. Total
Literates are 18, 65,707. Among them the total male Literates are 10, 47,763, total female
Literates are 8,17,944, total Literates percentage is 76.94 and total Literates male-female sex
ratio is 781.7
ILLITERATES
The details relating to the Illiterates of Tiruvallur District are provided in table 3.12
Table 3.12
Illiterates
Sl. No. Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
1. Rural Population 5,18,30
2,01,659 3,16,641 32.82 1,570
0
2. Urban Population 3,70,74
1,47,985 2,22,764 15.02 1,505
9
3. Population 8,89,04
3,49,644 5,39,405 23.06 1,543
9

The details relating to the Illiterates of Tiruvallur District provided in the above table indicate
that the total rural Illiterates are 5, 18,300. Among them the total rural male Illiterates are 2,
01,659, total rural female Illiterates are 3,16,641, total rural Illiterates percentage is 32.82 and
total rural Illiterates male-female sex ratio is 1,570. Total urban Illiterates are 3, 70,749. Among
them the total urban male Illiterates are 1, 47,985, total urban female Illiterates are 2,22,764,
total urban Illiterates percentage is 15.02 and total urban Illiterates male-female sex ratio is
1,505. Total Illiterates are 8, 89,049. Among them the total male Illiterates are 3, 49,644, total
female Illiterates are 5,39,405, total Illiterates percentage is 23.06 and total Illiterates male-
female sex ratio is 1,543.8

WORKERS
The details relating to the workers of Tiruvallur District are provided in table 3.13.
Table 3.13
Workers

7 Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.

8 Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
 Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 3,54,775 1,78,689 5,33,464 42.52 504
2. Urban Population 4,13,942 89,691 5,03,633 33.57 217
3. Population 7,68,717 2,68,380 10,37,097 37.65 349

The details relating to the workers population of Tiruvallur District provided in the above table
indicate that the total rural workers population is 5, 33,464. Among them the total rural male
workers population is 3, 54,775, total rural female workers population is 1, 78,689, total rural
workers population percentage is 42.52 and total rural workers population male-female sex ratio
is 504. Total urban workers population is 5, 03,633. Among them the total urban male workers
population is 4, 13,942, total urban female workers population is 89,691, total urban workers
population percentage is 33.57 and total urban workers population male-female sex ratio is 217.
Total workers population is 10, 37,097. Among them the total male workers population is 7,
68,717, total female workers population is 2, 68,380, total workers population percentage is
37.65 and total workers population male-female sex ratio is 349.9
MAIN WORKERS
The details relating to the main workers of Tiruvallur District are provided in table 3.14
Table 3.14
Main Workers
Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 2,86,816 1,11,947 3,98,763 31.78 390
2. Urban Population 3,78,128 74,103 4,52,231 30.15 196
3. Population 6,64,944 1,86,050 8,50,994 30.89 280

The details relating to the main workers of Tiruvallur District provided in the above table
indicate that the total rural main workers are 3, 98,763. In the middle of them the total rural male
main workers are 2, 86,816, total rural female main workers are 1, 11,947, total rural main
workers percentage is 31.78 and total rural main workers male-female sex ratio is 390. Total
urban main workers are 4, 52,231, among them the total urban male main workers are 3, 78,128,
total urban female main workers are 74,103, total urban main workers percentage is 30.15 and
total urban main workers male-female sex ratio is 196. Total main workers are 8, 50,994. Among
them the total male main workers are 6, 64,944, total female main workers population are 1,
9 Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
86,050, total main workers percentage is 30.89 and total main workers male-female sex ratio is
280.10
MAIN CULTIVATORS
The details relating to the main cultivators of Tiruvallur District are provided in table 3.15
Table 3.15
Main Cultivators
Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 56306 16994 73300 18.38 302
2. Urban Population 4172 1687 5859 1.3 404
3. Population 60478 18681 79159 9.3 309

The details relating to the main cultivators of Tiruvallur District provided in the above table
indicate that the total rural main cultivators are 73,300. Among them the total rural male main
cultivators are 56,306, total rural female main cultivators are 16,994, total rural main cultivators
percentage is 18.38 and total rural main cultivators male-female sex ratio is 302. Total urban
main cultivators are 5,859. Among them the total urban male main cultivators are 4,172, total
urban female main cultivators are 1,687, total urban main cultivators percentage is 1.3 and total
urban main cultivators male-female sex ratio is 404. Total main cultivators are 79,159. Among
them the total male main cultivators are 60,478, total female main cultivators are 18,681, total
main cultivators percentage is 9.3 and total main cultivators male-female sex ratio is 309.11
Main Agricultural Labourers
The details relating to the main Agricultural Labourers of Tiruvallur District are provided in
table 3.15

Table 3.15
Main Agricultural Labourers
Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 87882 61152 149034 37.37 590
10Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
11Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
 2. Urban Population 6565 3234 9799 2.17 670
3. Population 94447 64386 158833 18.66 595

The details relating to the main Agricultural Labourers of Tiruvallur District provided in the
above table indicate that the total rural main Agricultural Labourers are 1,49,034. Among them
the total rural male main Agricultural Labourers are 87,882, total rural female main Agricultural
Labourers are 61,152, total rural main Agricultural Labourers percentage is 37.37 and total rural
main Agricultural Labourers male-female sex ratio is 590. Total urban main Agricultural
Labourers are 9,799. Among them the total urban male main Agricultural Labourers are 6,565,
total urban female main Agricultural Labourers are 3,234, total urban main Agricultural
Labourers percentage is 2.17 and total urban main Agricultural Labourers male-female sex ratio
is 670. Total main Agricultural Labourers are 1, 58,833. Among them the total male main
Agricultural Labourers are 94,447, total female main Agricultural Labourers are 64,386, total
main Agricultural Labourers percentage is 18.66 and total main Agricultural Labourers male-
female sex ratio is 595.12
Main Household Workers
The details relating to the main household workers of Tiruvallur District are provided in table
3.16
Table 3.16
Main Household Workers
Sl.No. Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
1. Rural Population 13799 8200 21999 5.52 594
2. Urban Population 10406 7071 17477 3.86 680
3. Population 24205 15271 39476 4.64 631

The details relating to the main household workers of Tiruvallur District provided in the above
table indicate that the total rural main household workers are 21,999. Among them the total rural
male main household workers are 13,799, total rural female main household workers are 8,200,
total rural main household workers percentage is 5.52 and total rural main household workers
male-female sex ratio is 594. Total urban main household workers are 17,477. Among them the
total urban male main household workers are 10,406, total urban female main household workers
are 7,071, total urban main household workers percentage is 3.86 and total urban main household

12Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.

workers male-female sex ratio is 680. Total main household workers are 39,476. In the middle of
them the total male main household workers are 24,205, total female main household workers
are 15,271, total main household workers percentage is 4.64 and total main household workers
male-female sex ratio is 631.13
2.14 Main Other Workers
The details relating to the main other workers of Tiruvallur District are provided
in table 3.17
Table 3.17
Main Other Workers
Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 128829 25601 154430 38.73 72
2. Urban Population 356985 62111 419096 92.67 3524
3. Population 485814 87712 573526 67.39 681

The details relating to the main other workers of Tiruvallur District provided in the above table
indicate that the total rural main other workers are 1, 54,430. Among them the total rural male
main other workers are 1, 28,829, total rural female main other workers are 25,601, total rural
main other workers percentage is 38.73 and total rural main other workers male-female sex ratio
is 72. Total urban main other workers are 4, 19,096. Among them the total urban male main
other workers are 3, 56,985, total urban female main other workers are 62,111, total urban main
other workers percentage is 92.67 and total urban main other workers male-female sex ratio is
3,524. Total main other workers are 5, 73,526. Among them the total male main other workers
are 4,85,814, total female main other workers are 87,712, total main other workers percentage is
67.39 and total main other workers male-female sex ratio is 681.14

MARGINAL WORKERS
The details relating to the marginal workers of Tiruvallur District are provided in table 3.18.
Table 3.18
Marginal Workers
Sl.No. Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
1. Rural Population 67959 66742 134701 10.74 229
13Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
14Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
 2. Urban Population 35814 15588 51402 3.43 250
3. Population 103773 82330 186103 6.76 643

The details relating to the marginal workers of Tiruvallur District provided in the above table
indicate that the total rural marginal workers are 1, 34,701. Among them the total rural male
marginal workers are 67,959, total rural female marginal workers are 66,742, total rural marginal
workers percentage is 10.74 and total rural marginal workers male-female sex ratio is 229. Total
urban marginal workers are 51,402. Among them the total urban male marginal workers are
35,814, total urban female marginal workers are 15,588, total urban marginal workers percentage
is 3.43 and total urban marginal workers male-female sex ratio is 250. Total marginal workers
are 1, 86,103. Among them the total male marginal workers are 1, 03,773, total female marginal
workers are 82,330, total marginal workers percentage is 6.76 and total marginal workers male-
female sex ratio is 643.15
MARGINAL CULTIVATORS
The details relating to the marginal cultivators of Tiruvallur District are provided in table 3.19
Table 3.19
Marginal Cultivators
Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 4132 4509 8641 6.41 1091
2. Urban Population 333 395 728 1.42 1186
3. Population 4465 4904 9369 5.03 1098

The details relating to the marginal cultivators of Tiruvallur District provided in the above table
indicate that the total rural marginal cultivators are 8,641. In the middle of them the total rural
male marginal cultivators are 4,132, total rural female marginal cultivators are 4,509, total rural
marginal cultivators percentage is 6.41 and total rural marginal cultivators male-female sex ratio
is 1,091. Total urban marginal cultivators are 728. Among them the total urban male marginal
cultivators are 333, total urban female marginal cultivators are 395, total urban marginal
cultivators percentage is 1.42 and total urban marginal cultivators male-female sex ratio is 1,186.
Total marginal cultivators are 9,369. in the middle of them the total male marginal cultivators are
4,465, total female marginal cultivators are 4,904, total marginal cultivators percentage is 5.03

15Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.

and total marginal cultivators male-female sex ratio is 1,098.16
Marginal Agricultural Labours
The details relating to the marginal Agricultural Labours of Tiruvallur District are
provided in table 3.20
Table 3.20
Marginal Agricultural Labours
Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 41335 50235 91570 67.98 1215
2. Urban Population 2156 2375 4531 8.81 1102
3. Population 43491 52610 96101 51.64 1210

The details relating to the marginal Agricultural Labours of Tiruvallur District provided in the
above table indicate that the total rural marginal Agricultural Labours is 91,570. Among them the
total rural male marginal Agricultural Labours are 41,335, total rural female marginal
Agricultural Labours are 50,235, total rural marginal Agricultural Labours percentage is 67.98
and total rural marginal Agricultural Labours male-female sex ratio is 1,215. Total urban
marginal Agricultural Labours are 4,531. Among them the total urban male marginal
Agricultural Labours are 2,156, total urban female marginal Agricultural Labours are 2,375, total
urban marginal Agricultural Labours percentage is 8.81 and total urban marginal Agricultural
Labours male-female sex ratio is 1,102. Total marginal Agricultural Labours is 96,101. Among
them the total male marginal Agricultural Labours are 43,491, total female marginal Agricultural
Labours are 52,610, total marginal Agricultural Labours percentage is 51.64 and total marginal
Agricultural Labours male-female sex ratio is 1,210.17

MARGINAL HOUSEHOLD WORKERS

The details relating to the marginal household workers of Tiruvallur District are provided in table
3.21
Table 3.21
Marginal Household Workers

16Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.

17Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
 Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 2522 4696 7218 5.36 1862
2. Urban Population 1170 2481 3651 7.1 2121
3. Population 3692 7177 10869 5.84 1944

The details relating to the marginal household workers of Tiruvallur District provided in the
above table indicate that the total rural marginal household workers are 7,218. Among them the
total rural male marginal household workers are 2,522, total rural female marginal household
workers are 4,696, total rural marginal household workers percentage is 5.36 and total rural
marginal household workers male-female sex ratio is 1,862. Total urban marginal household
workers are 3,651. Among them the total urban male marginal household workers are 1,170,
total urban female marginal household workers are 2,481, total urban marginal household
workers percentage is 7.1 and total urban marginal household workers male-female sex ratio is
2,121. Total marginal household workers are 10,869. Among them the total male marginal
household workers are 3,692, total female marginal household workers are 7,177, total marginal
household workers percentage is 5.84 and total marginal household workers male-female sex
ratio is 1,944.18
OTHER MARGINAL WORKERS
The details relating to the other marginal workers of Tiruvallur District are
provided in table 3.22
Table 3.22
Other Marginal Workers
Sl.No. Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
1. Rural Population 19970 7302 27272 20.25 366
2. Urban Population 32155 10337 42492 82.67 321
3. Population 52125 17639 69764 37.49 338

The details relating to the other marginal workers of Tiruvallur District provided in the above
table indicate that the total rural other marginal workers is 27,272. Among them the total rural
male other marginal workers are 19,970, total rural female other marginal workers are 7,302,
total rural other marginal workers proportion is 20.25 and total rural other marginal workers
male-female sex ratio is 366. Total urban other marginal workers are 42,492. Among them the
total urban male other marginal workers are 32,155, total urban female other marginal workers
18Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
are 10,337, total urban other marginal workers percentage is 82.67 and total urban other marginal
workers male-female sex ratio is 321. Total other marginal workers are 69,764. Among them the
total male other marginal workers are 52,125, total female other marginal workers are 17,639,
total other marginal workers percentage is 37.49 and total other marginal workers male-female
sex ratio is 338.19
NON WORKERS
The details relating to the non-workers of Tiruvallur District are provided in table 3.23.
Table 3.23
Non Workers
Sl.No Parameter Male Female Total Percentage Sex Ratio
.
1. Rural Population 274277 446933 721210 57.48 1629
2. Urban Population 354413 642036 996449 66.43 1812
3. Population 628690 1088969 1717659 62.35 1732

The details relating to the non-workers of Tiruvallur District provided in the above table indicate
that the total rural non workers are 7, 21,210. Among them the total rural male non workers are
2, 74,277, total rural female non workers are 4, 46,933, total rural non workers percentage is
57.48 and total rural non workers male-female sex ratio is 1,629. Total urban non workers are 9,
96,449. Among them the total urban male non workers are 3, 54,413, total urban female non
workers are 6, 42,036, total urban non workers percentage is 66.43 and total urban non workers
male-female sex ratio is 1,812. Total non workers are 17, 17,659. Among them the total male
non workers are 6, 28,690, total female non workers are 10, 88,969, total non workers percentage
is 62.35 and total non workers male-female sex ratio is 1,732.20

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The details relating to the educational institutions of the Tiruvallur District are
provided in table 3.24
Table 3.24
Educational Institutions of the Tiruvallur District
Sl.No. Name of the Institution Number of Institution
1. Veterinary University 1
19Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
20Census 2001, Tamil Nadu Government, India, 2001.
 2. Arts and Science Colleges 13
a. Government Colleges 2
b. Aided Colleges 2
c. Self Financed Colleges 9
3. Engineering College 27
4. Polytechnic 17
5. Teacher Training Institutes 17

Sl.No. Name of the Institution Number of Institution

6. Total Number of Schools 1751
a. Primary School 1055
b. Middle School 302
c. High School 120
d. Higher Secondary School 96
e. Matric School 178
7. Special Schools 2
a. Earing Impaired Her. Sec. School 1
b. Blind Her. Sec. School 1
8. Computer Training Centers 93

The details relating to the educational institutions of the Tiruvallur District provided in the above
table indicate that there are one Veterinary University, 13 Arts and Science Colleges, two
Government Arts and Science Colleges, two Aided Arts and Science Colleges, nine Self
Financed Arts and Science Colleges, 27 Engineering Colleges, 17 Polytechnic Colleges, 17
Teacher Training Institutes, 1055 Primary Schools, 302 Middle Schools, 120 High Schools, 96
Higher Secondary Schools, 178 Matric Schools and totaling 1751 Schools, 2 Special Schools
including one Earning Impaired Higher Secondary School and one Blind Higher Secondary
School and 93 Computer Training Centres in Tiruvallur District.
HOSPITALS AND FACILITIES
The details relating to the list of hospitals and facilities available in Tiruvallur
District are provided in table 3.25
Table 3.25
Hospitals and Facilities
Modern Indian
Sl.No. Classification Homeopathy
Medicine Medicine
 1. Hospitals 13 14 2
2. Dispensaries 3 2 1
3. Primary Health Centres 41 9 -
4. Health Sub Centres 303 - -
5. Other Medical Institutions 6 - -
6. Bed Strength 422 35 20
7. Number of Doctors 160 35 20
8. Number of Nurses 90 - -

The details relating to the list of hospitals and facilities available in Tiruvallur District provided
in the above table reveal that there are 13 Modern Medicine Hospitals, 14 Indian Medical
Hospitals and 2 Homeopathy Medical Hospitals, 3 Modern Medicine Dispensaries, 2 Indian
Medicine Dispensaries, one Homeopathy Dispensary, 41 Modern Medicine Primary Health
Centres, 9 Primary Health Centres, 303 Modern Medicine Primary Health Sub Centres, 6
Modern Medicine Other Medical Institutions, 422 Bed strength in Modern Medicines Hospitals,
35 Bed strength in Indian Medicine Hospitals, 20 Bed strength in Homeopathy Medicine
Hospitals, 160 Doctors in Modern Medicine Hospitals, 35 Doctors in Indian Medicine Hospitals,
20 Doctors in Homeopathy Hospitals and 90 Nurses in Modern Medicine Hospitals.

Block Wise Vital Statistics of Tiruvallur District

The details relating to the block wise vital statistics are provided in table 3.26.

Table 3.26
Block Wise Vital Statistics of Tiruvallur District
 Density
Popul No. of No. of Land
Normal/ of No. of
S. ation Area in Village Less
Name of the Blocks DPAP21 Populati Habita-
No of the Sq.kms Pancha Poor/Margina
✶ Block on Per tions
Block yats l Farmers
Sq.kms
1 Ellapuram Normal 110010 260.54 422 218 53 49840
2 Gummudipoondi Normal 138770 296.6 468 258 61 65657
3 Kadambathur Normal 84413 85.59 986 156 43 47603
4 Minjur Normal 185808 494.59 376 381 56 63402
5 Pallipattu Normal 99088 167.76 591 197 33 30548
6 Poonamallee Normal 37827 165.96 228 122 28 37159
7 Poondi Normal 99916 113.85 878 199 49 45198
8 Puzhal Normal 29584 93.61 316 68 15 19624
9 R.K.Pet Normal 76176 179.75 424 173 38 41375
10 Sholavaram Normal 96390 296.6 325 211 39 48856
11 Thiruvalangadu Normal 77765 87.44 889 130 42 38874
12 Thiruvallur Normal 97051 94.61 1026 193 38 45604
13 Tiruttani Normal 61021 183.23 333 178 27 29701
14 Villivakkam Normal 52097 91.63 569 146 17 43048
Total 1245916 2611.76 477 2322 539 606489

The details relating to the block wise vital statistics provided in the above table make it clear that
there are 14 Normal Blocks in Tiruvallur District; total population of Blocks in Tiruvallur
District is 1245916; total area of Blocks in square kilometers is 2611.76; total density of
population of Blocks per square kilometers in Tiruvallur District is 477; total number of
habitations of Blocks in Tiruvallur District is 2322; total number of Village Panchayats of Blocks
in Tiruvallur District is 539; and total number of landless poor/marginal farmers of Blocks in
Tiruvallur District is 606489.22

DEVELOPMENT RELATED INDICATORS IN TIRUVALLUR DISTRICT

Table 3.27

21Drought Prone Area Programme.

22Handbook on Rural Statistics, Director of Rural Development, Chennai May 2001, pp.16-17.
 Development Related Indicators in Tiruvallur District
S.No Particulars Details
1 % of BPL families 37.85
2 % of SC/ST BPL Families 48.82
3 % of Agri BPL families 73.61
4 % of irrigated to net area sown 85.40
5 % of Total literacy rural 55.6
6 % of Female literacy rural 42.5
7 Infant Mortality rate 28
8 %Maternal mortality rate 1.1
9 Life expectancy at birth 67.38
10 % of School dropouts 14.83

The details of development related indicators in Tamil Nadu furnished in the above Table
indicate that 37.85% of the families live below poverty line, 48.82% of the SC/ST families live
below poverty line, 73.61% of the agriculture families live below poverty line, net irrigated area
sown is 85.40%, the total literacy in rural areas is 55.6%, the total female literacy in rural areas is
42.5%, infant mortality rate is 28 out of 1,000, maternal mortality rate is 1.1%, life expectancy at
birth is 67.38 years and School drop outs is 14.83% in Tiruvallur District.
CONCLUSION
So far we have seen the details relating to location of Tamil Nadu, Districts in Tamil Nadu,
history of Tiruvallur District, Tiruvallur District Administrative Structure, Parliament
Constituencies, Assembly Constituencies, Revenue Administration Divisions, Revenue Taluks,
population, households, child population (0 to 6 years), scheduled caste population, scheduled
tribe population, literates, illiterates, workers, main workers, main cultivators, main agricultural
labourers, main household workers, main other workers, marginal workers, marginal cultivators,
marginal agricultural labours, marginal household workers, other marginal workers, non-
workers, educational institutions, hospitals and facilities, Block Wise Vital Statistics of
Tiruvallur District and Development Related Indicators in Tiruvallur District are explained. The
details relating to the profile of Tiruvallur District explained in this chapter further reveal that
majority of the workers are agricultural labourers and there are more dry lands and poramboke
lands in Tiruvallur District. In order to provide facilities to the people belonging to agricultural
labourers, the Government of Tamil Nadu is also spending huge sums of money in this District
to implement various programmes for the benefit of the people. Unfortunately, there is no
expected development in the District. It is believed that with the introduction of Mahatma
Gandhi National Rural Employment Programme implemented through the New Panchayati Raj
System could help to mitigate the sufferings of the people in the rural areas. A research study on
Mahathma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme with reference to
Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu could help to highlight the shortcomings in the implementation
of the programme if any and how far the programme has benefited the people in Tiruvallur
District of Tamil Nadu. Therefore, the researcher thought it proper to take up this research study.